East Java Basin, 18042021

PT.
PERTAMINA HULU ENERGI

TUBAN-EAST JAVA
ROCK DESCRIPTION
[PETROGRAPHY]
of
OUTCROP SAMPLES
from
GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSIC STUDY

PLAY FAIRWAY CONCEPT
EXPLORATION OF NGIMBANG AND
NGAYONG FORMATION IN TUBAN
BLOCK -EAST JAVA
Indonesia
Sepuluh November Institute of Technology (ITS)
2021
i
LIST OF CONTENTS
COVER i
LIST OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………… ii
1. INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………… 3
a. Summary …………………………………………………………... 3
b. Samples & Analyses ………………………………………………. 3
c. Field Data ………………………………………………………...... 3
d. Analysts ……………………………………………………………. 3
2. ROCK DESCRIPTION ……………………………………………….. 3
a. Introduction ……………………………………………………….. 3
b. Procedures …………………………………………........................ 4
c. Petrography ……………………………………………………….. 4
d. Diagenetic ………………………………………………………….. 11
e. Reservoir Quality …………………………………………………. 12
f. Rock Classification …………………………………...................... 13
Figures:
Figure 1 List of Outcrop Samples ……………………………………….. 1

Figure 2 Distribution maps of outcrop samples ……………………......... 2
Figure 3 Classification diagram on sandstone from Pettijhon, (1975) ….. 13
Figure 4 Classification diagram on carbonate rocks from Dunham (1962) 14
Figure 5 Classification diagram on pyroclastic rocks from Pettijhon,
(1975) ………………………………….……………………….. 14
Figure 6 Classification diagram on limestones from Missouri
Departement of Natural Resources, Division of geology and
land sruvey, (2011) ……………………………………………. 15
Plates:
Petrographic & Photomicrographs with Descriptions …………………... 1-13
ii
Figure 1 : List of Outcrop Samples
No
Sample Code Field name Analysis Lithology Formation Age
plate
D2-OC1-KDC-FMD 1 Calcareous sandstone Packstone (Dunham, 1962) Kalibeng Fm Early Pliocene – Recent (N18-Recent)
D7-OC2-BRD-PTS 2 Coralline limestone Packstone (Dunham, 1962) Paciran Fm Pliocene (GRDC)
D3-OC1-B-BKS-FMD 3 Chalky limestone Packstone (Dunham, 1962) Madura Fm Late Miocene – Pliocene (GRDC)
D4-OC2-BGH-FMD 4 Limestone Quartz wacke (Pettijhon, 1975) Watukoceng Fm Middle Miocene (N15)
Packstone (Dunham, 1962)/ Foraminiferal
D4-OC1-SKR-PTS Limestone Madura Fm Middle Miocene (N12-N14)
5 Limestone
D7-OC3-MRS-FMD 6 Sandstone Subarkose (Pettijhon, 1975) Ngrayong Fm Middle Miocene (GRDC)
Petrography
D7-OC1-NGN-FMD 7 Coralline limestone Packstone (Dunham, 1962) Ngrayong Fm Middle Miocene (GRDC)
D14-OC1-C-JTR-PTS 8 Quartz sandstone Quartz arenite (Pettijhon, 1975) Ngrayong Fm Middle Miocene (GRDC)
D8-OC5-A-BGH-PTS 9 Calcareous sandstone Grainstone (Dunham, 1962) Watukoceng Fm Not Older Than N9 (Early Miocene) Not Younger Than Early Pliocene (N19)
D5-OC1-D-BKK-FMD 10 Coarse sandstone Lithic Tuff (Pettijhon, 1975) Kerek Fm Early Miocene - Middle Miocene (GRDC)
D7-OC1-BRD-PTS 11 Carbonate sandstone Dolostone (Missouri Geology, 2011) Tuban Fm Early Miocene – Middle Miocene (N8-N9)
D8-OC1-BRD-FMD 12 Calcareous sandstone Dolostone (Missouri Geology, 2011) Tuban Fm Early Miocene – Middle Miocene (N8-N9)
D6-OC3-KRJ-FMD 13 Coralline limestone Grainstone (Dunham, 1962) Kujung/Prupuh Fm Oligocene – Early Miocene (GRDC)
1
Figure 2. Distribution map of outcrop samples
2
I. PENDAHULUAN I. INTRODUCTION
A. Ringkasan A. Summary
Laporan ini menguraikan deskripsi This report presents the petrographic
petrografi batuan dari sempel singkapan descriptions of selected outcrop
dari Blok Tuban, Jawa Timur (Daftar samples from Tuban Block, East Java
sampel terdapat dalam Gambar 1.) (The samples list are provided in
Figure 1)
Blok Tuban Jawa Timur dimiliki oleh The Tuban Block, East Java was owned
PT. PERTAMINA HULU ENERGI by PT. PERTAMINA HULU
TUBAN-EAST JAVA, Jawa Timur ENERGI TUBAN-EAST JAVA, East
Indonesia. Analisa ini dilakukan oleh Java. The analyses were carried out by
PT PALEOPETRO (Departemen PT. PALEOPETRO (Laboratory
Laboratorium), Jakarta, Indonesia Services Division, Jakarta, Indonesia.
B. Sampel & Analisa B. Samples & Analyses

Analisa ini dilakukan pada sempel The analyses were carried out on
singkapan batuan, yang terlebih dahulu samples as selected by PT.
telah dipilih dan disetujui oleh PT. PERTAMINA HULU ENERGI
PERTAMINA HULU ENERGI TUBAN-EAST JAVA,
TUBAN-EAST JAVA,
C. Data Lapangan C. Field Data

Data umur dan stratigrafi didukung oleh Ages and stratigraphic data was
tim geologi setelah persetujuan oleh supplied by geological team with
PT. PERTAMINA HULU ENERGI aprooval from PT. PERTAMINA
TUBAN-EAST JAVA, untuk HULU ENERGI TUBAN-EAST
membantu penyusunan laporan ini. JAVA, in support of this report.
D. Analis D. Analysts
Petrologist : Irev Jundulloh Petrologist : Irev Jundulloh
Koordinator : Anik Yulianti Co-ordination : Anik Yulianti
II. DESKRIPSI BATUAN II. ROCK DESCRIPTION

[PETROGRAFI] [PETROGRAPHY]
a. Pendahuluan a. Introduction
Terdapat tigabelas (13) sampel batuan There are thirteen (13) outcrop samples
dari singkapan Blok Tuban-East Java, from Tuban Block -East Java were
yang telah dipilih dan disetujui oleh selected by PT. PERTAMINA HULU
PT. PERTAMINA HULU ENERGI ENERGI TUBAN-EAST JAVA, for
TUBAN-EAST JAVA, untuk petrographic analyses.
3
dianalisis petrografi.
Deskripsi petrografi dan foto mikro, Petrographic descriptions are presented
diuraikan di bawah pada Sayatan 1 below and together with
sampai Sayatan 13. photomicrographs, Plates 1-13.
Dalam laporan ini juga diuraikan Some explanations are made on the
penjelasan umum tentang karakteristik general characteristics of rocks,
batuan, diagenesis, kualitas reservoir diagenetic, reservoir quality and rock
dan klasifikasi batuan. classification.
b. Prosedur b. Procedure
Preparasi sayatan tipis menggunakan Thin section preparations and
standar kedap udara dan stain glass, petrographic descriptions were made
preparasi sayatan petrografi seluruhnya. using vacuum impregnated and stained
thin sections.
Analisis petrografi menggunakan The petrographic analysis is using
metode analisis modal, dengan modal analysis by measuring the
menghitung dan mengukur jumlah surface area of mineral grains of the
permukaan mineral yang sama dalam same mineral, relative to the total
suatu sayatan tipis relatif terhadap suface area of the thin section. Two
jumlah total permukaan sayatan. colour photomicrographs were taken
Laporan ini juga dilengkapi dengan dua from each thin section to illustrate
foto mikro tiap sayatan, yang mewakili representative features of the samples.
gambaran umum tiap sampel batuan.
c. Petrografi c. Petrography
Terdapat 13 (tiga belas) sampel There are thirteen (13) outcrop samples
petrografi, terdiri dari 9 (sembilan) Are consist of nine (9) limestone, three
sampel batugamping dan 3 (tiga) (3) sandstone, and one (1)
sampel batupasir dan 1 (satu) batuan volcaniclastic. The limestone are
volkaniklastik. Batugamping classified as grainstone, dolostone,
dikelompokkan dalam kalasifikasi packstone, and foraminiferal
grainstone, dolostone, packstone, dan limestone/foraminiferal packstone. The
foraminiferal limestone/foraminiferal sandstones are classified as quartz
packstone. Sedangkan batuan wacke, subarkose and quartz arenite.
silisiklastik dikelompokkan sebagai The volcaniclastic is classified as lithic
kuarsa weki, subarkose dan kuarsa tuff.
arenite. Batuan tuf litik diklasifikasikan
sebagai volkaniklastik.
Berdasarkan data umur, stratigrafi, dan Based on ages, stratigraphic, literature
literatur, sampel petrografi diambil dari data, the samples carry out from
umur Oligosen sampai Pliosen Awal. Oligocene to Ealy Pliocene Age.
4
OLIGOSEN-MIOSEN AWAL OLIGOCENE-EARLY MIOCENE
Terdapat satu (1) sampel batugamping There are one (1) limestone sample
yang termasuk dalam klasifikasi classified as grainstone:
grainstone.
 Tekstur dan komposisi  Texture and composition
Grainstone, pemilahan buruk, bentuk Grainstone, poorly sorted, subrounded-
membundar tanggung-menyudut, angular, The grains are composed of
butiran disusun oleh material bioklastik bioclastic material consisting of
yang terdiri dari brachiopoda, koral, brachiopods, coral, small foraminifera,
foraminifera kecil, byrozoa, dan byrozoa, and larger foraminifera, other
foraminifera besar, sedangkan material non-bioclastic grains consist of opaque
non-bioklastik terdiri dari mineral opak minerals and carbon. The grains set in
dan karbon. Butiran tertanam dalam lime mud matrix.
matriks berupa lumpur karbonat.
Matriks berupa lumpur karbonat, The matrix Mtx is lime mud, cream-
berwarna krem, kecoklatan, kenampakan colored, brownish, dusty appearance,
keruh, biasrangkap ekstrim, berukuran extreme birefringence, very fine sized,
sangat halus, sebagian besar matriks large amounts of matrix have been
mengalami neomorfisme menjadi spar neomorphised into sparry calcite.
kalsit
 Sementasi dan Penggantian • Cementation and Replacement
Sementasi berupa mikrospar-spar dan calcite sparry-microspar and clay
mineral lempung, umumnya semen hadir mineral cement are space-filling
pada mengisi rongga
 Diagenesis: • Diagenetic:
Proses diagenesis batuan terdiri dari: Rock diagenetic processes such as:
1. Mikritisasi 1. Micritization
2. Neomorfisme 2. Neomorphism
3. Pelarutan 3. Dissolution
4. Sementasi 4. Cementation
 Porositas yang terlihat • Visible porosity
Porositas berupa vuggy (3.5%), mouldic The pores are mainly vuggy (3.5%),
(0.5%) dan interkristalin (1%). mouldic (0.5%) and intercrystalline
(1%).
MIOSEN AWAL- MIOSEN EARLY MIOCENE- MIDDLE

TENGAH MIOCENE
Terdapat tiga (3) sampel batuan yang There are three (3) rock samples
diklasifikasikan sebagai batuan classified as volcaniclastic and
vulkaniklastik dan dolostone. dolostone.
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VULKANIKLASTIK VOLCANICLASTIC
Batuan tuf litik berukuran tuf, sedikit This section showing lithic tuff, weakly
teroksidasi, pemilahan buruk, bentuk oxidized, poorly sorted, grains mainly
menyudut tanggung-menyudut, butiran composed biotite, plagioclase, quartz
disusun oleh biotit, plagioklas, kuarsa and opaque minerals, lithic fragments
dan mineral opak, fragmen litik terdiri consist of pumice, andesite and
dari pumis, andesit dan basalt trakhitik. trachytic basalt.
Matriks berupa gelas volkanik, Matrix is volcanic glass, dusty
kenampakan keruh, kecoklatan, appearance, brownish, very fine, which
berukuran sangat halus, yang sudah has been altered into palagonite, clay
terubah menjadi palagonit, mineral minerals, and zeolite, evenly
lempung, zeolite, penyebaran merata distributed.
 Sementasi dan Penggantian  Cementation and Replacement
Penggantian ditandai oleh kehadiran Palagonite occurs as a replacement
palagonite, Sementasi terdiri mineral mineral. Clay mineral, palagonite and
lempung dan palagonite iron oxide occurs as a cementation
 Porositas yang terlihat  Visible porosity
Sebagian besar rongga antar butir terisi Most of intergrain space filled by clay
oleh mineral lempung, porositas terlihat minerals. The visual porosity average is
berkisar 15%, berupa pelarutan pada 15%. The porosity system comprises
matriks. secondary dissolution in matrix.
DOLOSTONE DOLOSTONE
Batuan dolostone, memiliki pemilahan Dolostone, well sorted, subrounded-
baik, bentuk membundar-membundar rounded, grain contact dominated by
tanggung, kontak butir didominasi oleh long contact and point contact. Clay
long contact dan point contact. minerals occurs as matrix and
Dijumpai mineral lempung yang hadir cementation.
sebagai matriks dan sementasi.
Dolomit, tak berwarna, bentuk rhombik, Dolomite, colorless, rhombic in crystal
tidak terdapat noda alizarin red S, relief shape, there are no alizarin red stain,
tinggi, biasrangkap ekstrim, struktur high relief, extreme birefringence,
internal terkorosi, terdapat inklusi internal structure is corroded, evenly
mineral opak penyebaran merata. distributed.
Umummnya batuan telah mengalami Limestone mostly have been
dolomitisasi, sedangkan sementasi terdiri dolomitized into dolomite mineral.
dari oksida besi, mineral lempung dan Clay mineral, iron oxide and calcite
sparry calcite spar occurs as cementation
6
 Diagenesis  Diagenetic:
Proses diagenesis terdiri dari: Rock diagenetic processes such as:
1. Kompaksi 1. Compaction
2. Dolomitisasi, 2. Dolomitization
Porositas terlihat pada bagian jelas pada The visual porosity in the cleaner part
dolostone berkisar 12%, porositas of the dolostone average porosity is
sekunder berupa berupa intergranular 12%, The pores are secondary
dan sedikit channel. intergranular and minor channel.
MIOSEN TENGAH MIDDLE MIOCENE

BATUPASIR SANDSTONE
Terdapat enam (6) sampel batuan There are six (6) rock samples
yang termasuk dalam klasifikasi quartz classified as quartz arenite, subarkose,
arenit, kuarsa weki, packstone dan quartz wacke, packstone, and
grainstone grainstone
 Tekstur dan komposisi
Batupasir, pemilahan baik, bentuk  Texture and composition
menyudut tanggung-menyudut, butiran Sandstone, well sorted, subangular-
terdiri dari kuarsa, mika, feldspar, angular, grains mainly composed of
mineral opak, foraminifera kecil, dan quartz, mica, feldspar, opaque mineral,
fragmen litik berupa mudstone dan small foraminifera and lithic fragment
rijang. (mudstone and chert).
Batupasir kuarsa weki menunjukkan
butiran mengambang didalam matriks Quartz wacke shows matrix supported
lumpur karbonat dan batupasir kuarsa with lime mud matrix and quartz
arenit menunjukkan batas kontak arenite shows grain supported (point,
berupa point, long dan concavo-convex long and point contact) with minor clay
dengan matrik mineral lempung dengan mineral matrix
presentasi sangat sedikit.
karbonat, mineral lempung dan oksida Carbonates, clay minerals and iron
besi hadir sebagai sementasi oxides occurs as cementation
 Diagenesis:  Diagenetic:
Proses diagenesis terdiri dari : Rock diagenetic processes such as:
2. Rekristalisasi 2. Recrystallization
7
Porositas terlihat pada batupasir kuarsa The quartz wacke has poor visible
weki termasuk buruk, sebesar 5%, porosity, overall it is 5%, while The
sedangkan porositas terlihat pada kuarsa quartz arenite has excellent visible
arenit sekitar 40-45%. Rongga porosity, overall it is 40-45%. The
didominasi oleh pelarutan pada butiran pores are dominated by dissolution of
dan matrik yang kurang stabil dan unstable grains and matrix and
intrakristalin. intracrystalline.
BATUGAMPING LIMESTONE
Batugamping pemilahan sedang, bentuk limestone medium sorted, rounded-
membundar-menyudut, kemas tertutup, angular, close packed, grain contact
batas kontak butiran dominan point dominated by point contact, and other
contact, dan batuan packstone lainnya, rock packstone dominated by matrix
butiran mengambang dialam matrik, supported, grains mainly composed of
butiran terdiri dari foraminifera kecil, small foraminifera, red algae, with
alga merah serta foraminifera besar dan subordinate larger foraminifera and
sedikit mineral opak dan echinoid, minor small opaque and echinoids.
batuan lainnya berupa grainstone, Other rock shows grainstone, consist of
terdiri dari foraminifera besar, koral, larger foraminifera, coral, red algae and
alga merah dan foraminifera kecil. small foraminifera. other non-bioclastic
Butiran non bioklastik terdiri dari grains consist of quartz, feldspar and
kuarsa, feldspar dan mineral opak opaque minerals with cementation
dengan sementasi berupa kalsit composed of calcite microspar-spar,
mikrospar-spar, mineral lempung dan clay mineral and iron oxide. The Grains
oksida besi. set up in lime mud matrix
Matriks berupa lumpur karbonat, The matrix is lime mud, brownish,
berwarna kecoklatan, biasrangkap extreme birefringence, medium relief,
ekstrim, relief sedang, berukuran sangat very fine sized. Matrix mostly have
halus. Sebagian besar matriks telah been neomorphised into calcite
mengalami neomorfisme menjadi kalsit microspar.
mikrospar.
Mineral penggantian ditunjukkan oleh Replacement minerals are shown by
kuarsa autigenik, dan sementasi terdiri authigenic quartz, and cementation
dari zeolite dan kalsit mikrospar-spar consist of zeolite and calcite microspar-
yang mengisi rongga. spar cement are space-filling
Proses Diagenesis terdiri dari : Rock diagenetic processes such as:
1. kompaksi, 1. Compaction
8
3. Neomorfisme 3. Neomorphism,
4. Pelarutan 4. Dissolution,
Porositas yang terlihat pada The visible porosity of the limestones
batugamping ini berkisar 3-20%, overall around 3-20%. The porosity
system porositas terdiri dari pelarutan system comprises dissolution in matrix,
pada matriks, interkristalin dan vuggy. intercrystalline, and vuggy.
MIOSEN AKHIR-PLIOSEN LATE MIOCENE-PLIOCENE

Terdapat satu (1) sampel batugamping There are one (1) limestone classified
yang termasuk dalam klasifikasi as packstone
packstone
Batugamping, pemilahan buruk, bentuk Limestone, poorly sorted, subrounded-
membundar tanggung-menyudut, angular, matrix supported, grains
butiran mengambang didalam matriks, mainly composed of small foraminifera,
butiran terdiri dari foraminifera kecil, larger foraminifera, coral, echinoids
foraminifera besar, koral, echinoid dan and red algae. The grains set in lime
alga merah. Butiran tertanam dalam mud matrix.
matriks lumpur karbonat
Matriks berupa lumpur karbonat, warna The matrix is lime mud, cream
krem, keruh, kecoklatan, berukuran colored, brownish, very fine sized,
sangat halus, sebagian besar telah large amounts of matrix neomorphised
mengalami neomorfisme menjadi become dolomite, evenly distributed.
dolomit, penyebaran merata.
sementasi berupa kalsit mikrospar dan Cementation consist of calcite
dolomit. microspar and dolomite
1. Dolomitisasi, 1. Dolomitization,
2. Neomorfisme, 2. Neomorphism
Porositas terlihat pada packstone, berupa The visible porosity of the packstone,
pelarutan (22%) pada butiran dan matrik the pores are mainly dissolution (22%)
dan mouldic (3%). of less stable grains and matrix and
mouldic (3%).
9
PLIOSEN PLIOCENE
yang termasuk dalam klasifikasi as packstone
packstone
Sayatan packstone, pemilahan buruk, This section showing packstone, poorly
bentuk menyudut, butiran mengambang sorted, angular, matrix supported,
didalam matriks, butiran terdiri dari grains mainly composed of small
foraminifera kecil, alga merah dan foraminifera, red algae and
brachiopoda. Butiran tertanam dalam brachiopods. the grains set in lime mud
matriks berupa lumpur karbonat. matrix,
Matriks berupa lumpur karbonat, The matrix is lime mud, cream
berwarna krem, kecoklatan, keruh, colored, brownish, dusty appearance,
berukuran halus, penyebaran merata, extreme birefringence, very fine sized,
matriks mengalami neomorfisme large amounts of matrix neomorphised
menjadi spar kalsit become sparry calcite.
Sementasi berupa kalsit mikrospar calcite microspar cement are space-
umumnya semen hadir pada mengisi filling.
rongga.
Proses diagenesis terdiri dari Rock diagenetic processes such as:
1. mikritisasi, 2. 1. Micritization,
2. neomorfisme, 3. 2. Neomorphism
3. pelarutan, dan 4. 3. Dissolution, and
4. sementasi, 5. 4. Cementation
Porositas terlihat pada packstone The visible porosity of the Packstone is
sebesar 20%, terdiri dari vuggy dan good, overall around 20%. The
mouldic. porosity system comprises vuggy and
mouldic.
PLIOSEN AWAL-SEKARANG EARLY PLIOCENE-RECENT

yang diklasifikasikan sebagai as foraminiferal limestone. Rock
batugamping kaya foramionifera. compositions in thin section are mixing
Komposisi pada sayatan ini adalah between limestone material and
campuran material batugamping dan volcanic material
material gunungapi.
10
Batugamping, ditunjukkan oleh Limestone, well sorted, subrounded-
pemilahan baik, bentuk membundar subangular, close packed, bioclastic
tanggung-menyudut tanggung, kemas grains mainly composed of small
tertutup, komposisi batuan disusun oleh foraminifera, and other non-bioclastic
cangkang bioklastik berupa (volcanic material) grains are
foraminifera kecil, sedangkan material plagioclase, hornblende, pumice,
non-bioklastik (material gunungapi) andesite and opaque mineral, the grains
terdiri dari plagioklas, hornblenda, set in clay minerals matrix, clay
pumis, andesit dan mineral opak, minerals also occurs as cementation
butiran tertanam dalam matriks berupa with iron oxide.
mineral lempung, mineral lempung juga
hadir sebagai sementasi bersama oksida
besi.
Matriks Mtx berupa lumpur karbonat, The matrix Mtx is lime mud, cream-
berwarna krem, keruh, biasrangkap colored, dusty appearance, extreme
ekstrim, berukuran sangat halus, birefringence, very fine sized, large
penyebaran merata amounts of matrix are scattered.
Sementasi berupa mineral lempung dan Cementation consist of clay mineral
oksida besi and iron oxide
Proses diagenesis batuan berupa: Rock diagenetic processes such as:
Porositas terlihat pada bagian yang The visible porosity in the cleaner part
bersih pada batuan batugamping kaya of the Foraminiferal limestone is fair to
foraminifera berupa cukup-baik, sekitar good, overall around 12%. The pores
12%. Pori utamanya berupa saluran are mainly secondary channel, vuggy,
vuggy mouldic dan pelarutan pada mouldic, and dissolution of less stable
butiran dan matriks yang kurang stabil. grains and matrix
d. Diagenesis d. Diagenetic
Dari observasi petrografi disimpulkan Petrographic observations suggest the
beberapa tahapan proses diagenesa following sequence of diagenetic events
pada sampel batuan yaitu: in the samples:
1. Kompaksi burial, yang 1. Burial compaction, which caused
menyebabkan hubungan dan closer packing of grains and
kontak antar butir menjadi tertutup further compaction that reduced
11
sehingga mengurangi porositas. the porosity.
2. Mikritisasi dan dolomitisasi (D3- 2. Micritization and dolomitization
OC1-B-BKS-FMD hadir sebagai (D3-OC1-B-BKS-FMD) occurs as
mineral pengganti yang replacement mineral that
menunjukkan diagenesis tahap indication of early diagenetic then
awal, kemudian rekristalisasi dan Recrystallization, and
neomorfisme juga hadir pada neomorphism also occured in some
beberapa sampel yang samples that indication of burial
menunjukkan diagenesis diagenetic.
pembebanan.
3. Presipitasi mineral lempung 3. Precipitation of clay mineral
melapisi butiran. coatings on grains.
4. Presipitasi mineral autigenik, 4. Precipitation of authigenic
terdiri dari kuarsa dan zeolite yang minerals, including quartz and
hadir sebagai semen yang mengisi zeolite which occurs as a pore
rongga dan penggantian sebagian filling cement and partial
butiran dan matriks yang tidak replacement of unstable grains and
stabil matrix.
5. Berkembangnya equant mosaic 5. Development of equant mosaic
kalsit mengisi rekahan dan rongga calcite filled fracture and intergrain
antar butir. space.
6. Endapan kalsit setempat yang 6. Precipitation of occasional calcite,
hadir sebagai pengganti butiran which occurs as a partial
dan semen mengisi rongga. replacement of grains and as pore-
filling cement.
7. Tahap akhir proses diagenesis, 7. Late diagenetic stage, which
dimana menghasilkan porositas resulted in the formation of
sekunder pada batuan dan secondary porosity and
dolomitisasi. dolomitization.
e. Kualitas Reservoir e. Reservoir Quality

Dari tiga belas (13) sempel, terdapat From thirteen (13) samples, there are
tiga (3) sempel batupasir, Porositas twenty three (3) sandstones.
yang teramati dari semua sempel Petrographic porosity of the sandstone
batupasir adalah sebagai berikut: samples ranged as follows:
Porositas yang terlihat dari analisa Petrographic visible porosity: bad to
petrografi: buruk sampai istimewa excellent : 5% to 45%. While
(sangat bagus): 5% sampai 45%. Petrographic porosity of the limestone
Porositas yang teramati dari semua samples ranged as follows:
sampel batugamping adalah sebagai Petrographic visible porosity: bad to
berikut: Porositas yang terlihat dari good : 3% to 25%.
analisa petrografi: buruk sampai bagus:
12
3% sampai 25%.
Tipe porositas terdiri dari dominan The porosity type comprises of

porositas sekunder pelarutan dan dominant secondary dissolution. The
beberapa porositas primer antar butir. amount of calcite and clay mineral in
Jumlah lempung dan kalsit merupakan these rocks is the most significant
faktor penting yang berperan dalam factor in porosity reduction.
pengurangan porositas.
f. Klasifikasi batuan f. Rock Classification

Batuan karbonat diklasifikasikan oleh Carbonate rocks are classified by
Dunham, 1962 dan dari Missouri Dunham 1962 and from the Missouri
Geology of geology and land survey, Geology of geology and land survey,
(2011). Sedangkan untuk batuan (2011). Whereas siliciclastic sediment
silisiklastik menggunakan klasifikasi using rock classification from Pettijhon,
batuan dari pettijhon, (1975), serta (1975), and pyroclastic rocks using
batuan piroklastik menggunakan classification from Pettijhon, (1975).
klasifikasi batuan dari pettijhon, (1975).
D4-OC2-BGH-FMD
D7-OC3-MRS-FMD
D14-OC1-C-JTR-PTS
Figure 3: Classification diagram on sandstone from Pettijhon, (1975)
13
Figure 4: Classification diagram on carbonate rocks from Dunham (1962)
D7-OC2-BRD-PTS D4-OC1-SKR-PTS D8-OC5-A-BGH-PTS

D3-OC1-B-BKS-FMD D7-OC1-NGN-FMD D6-OC3-KRJ-FMD
D2-OC1_KDC_FMD
Glass
D5-OC1-D-BKK-FMD
Glass Tuff
Lithic Tuff Crystal Tuff
Lithic Crystal
fragment
Figure 5: classification diagram on pyroclastic rocks from Pettijhon, (1975)
14
PETROGRAPHY ANALYSIS
D7-OC1-BRD-PTS
D8-OC1-BRD-FMD
PLATES
Figure 6: Classification diagram on limestones from Missouri Departement of Natural Resources, Division of
geology and land sruvey, (2011)
15
PETROGRAPHY ANALYSIS OF OUTCROP SAMPLE
D2-OC1_KDC_FMD
PLATE-01
Lithology Mixing volcanic rock and limestone

Classification Packstone (Dunham, 1962)
Sample Condition Weakly Oxidized
Grains 60% Cementation/Replacement 25%

Cangkang bioklastik Clay mineral 20%
Small foraminifera 45% Fe-Oxide 5%
Material non-bioklastik
Plagioclase 5%
Hornblende 2.5%
pumice 3%
andesite 0.5%
Opaque mineral 5%
Matrix 5% Visible Porosity 12%

Clay mineral Dissolution in matrix 2%
channel 2%
Vuggy 4%
mouldic 2%
Texture
Grain Size [mm] Sorting : Well Sorted
Minimum Mode Maximum Roundness : Subrounded-
Subangular
0.05 mm 0.4 mm 0.6 mm Grain Contact : Point contact, long
Silt Medium Very coarse contact
sand sand
 Tekstur dan komposisi • Texture and composition

Sayatan batuan packstone, This section showing packstone, well
ditunjukkan oleh pemilahan baik, sorted, subrounded-subangular, close
bentuk membundar tanggung- packed, bioclastic grains mainly
menyudut tanggung, kemas tertutup, composed of small foraminifera, and
komposisi batuan disusun oleh other non-bioclastic grains are
cangkang bioklastik berupa plagioclase, hornblende, pumice,
foraminifera kecil, sedangkan material andesite and opaque mineral, the
16
non-bioklastik terdiri dari plagioklas, grains set in clay minerals matrix, clay
hornblenda, pumis, andesit dan minerals also occurs as cementation
mineral opak, butiran tertanam dalam with iron oxide.
matriks berupa mineral lempung,
mineral lempung juga hadir sebagai
sementasi bersama oksida besi.
Deskripsi Mikroskopis: Microscopic Description:
Cangkang bioklastik terdiri dari: The bioclastic shell consists of Small
Foraminifera kecil Sf, umumnya foraminifera Sf, commonly
hadir dalam bentuk globular, cuneate, preserved intact in globular and
dominan bentuk utuh, sebagian cuneate shape, partly micritized
cangkang mengalami mikritisasi, shells, shell cavity filled with clay
rongga cangkang terisi oleh mineral minerals and some places filled with
lempung dan beberapa tempat terisi carbon.
oleh karbon.
Material non-bioklastik, terdiri dari Non-bioclastic materials, consists of
Plagioklas Pgl, tak berwarna, Plagioclase Pgl, colorless, low
biasrangkap rendah, relief rendah, birefringence, low relief, corrosion,
terkorosi, memiliki kembaran, dominan twinning, dominantly anhedral in
bentuk anhedral, memiliki pemadaman crystal shape, undulatory extinction,
bergelombang, dijumpai retakan mikro. micro-crack observed in plagioclase.
Hornblenda Hbl, warna kehijauan, Hornblende Hbl, greenish color,
memanjang, memiliki pleokroik sangat very strong pleochroic, elongated in
kuat, bentuk memanjang, memiliki crystal shape, hornblendes have single
belahan satu arah, dijumpai retakan cleavage planes, micro-crack
mikro. observed in this mineral.
Fragmen litik Lith terdiri dari Lithic fragments Lith consist of
Pumis, sebagian besar telah terubah Pumice, mostly have been altered into
menjadi mineral lempung, membundar clay minerals, subrounded-angular
tanggung-menyudut, dijumpai juga form, andesite with trachytic texture is
andesit dengan tekstur trakhitik, also found.
Mineral opak Opq, isotrop, gelap Opaque mineral Opq, isotropic,
baik dalam posisi X-nikol maupun //- dark color at X-nicol and // - nichol
nikol, dominan bentuk segiempat positions, It occurs as individual cubic
(pirit?). (pyrite?).
Matriks Mtx berupa lumpur The matrix Mtx is lime mud,
karbonat, berwarna krem, keruh, cream-colored, dusty appearance,
biasrangkap ekstrim, berukuran sangat extreme birefringence, very fine sized,
halus, penyebaran merata large amounts of matrix are scattered.
Oksida besi Fe-Ox, merah baik Iron oxide Fe-Ox, red color at X-
dalam posisi X-nikol maupun //-nikol, nicol and // - nichol positions, iron
17
dicirikan berupa bercak-bercak, Oxide were characterized by speckled,

sebagian besar mengisi tepian rongga. mostly occurs as a pore-filling
Sementasi berupa mineral lempung dan Cementation consist of clay mineral
oksida besi and iron oxide
Proses diagenesis batuan berupa: Rock diagenetic processes such as:
Porositas terlihat pada bagian yang The visible porosity in the cleaner part
bersih pada packstone berupa cukup- of the packstone is fair to good,
baik, sekitar 12%. Pori utamanya overall around 12%. The pores are
berupa saluran (2%), vuggy (4%), mainly secondary channel (2%),
mouldic (2%) dan pelarutan (2%) vuggy (4%), mouldic (2%) and
pada butiran dan matriks yang kurang dissolution (2%) of less stable grains
stabil. and matrix.
18
SF
Sf
Opx
Cm Mo
Vug
Sf
Pms
Vug
Cm Cm
Opq
Vug
Hbl
19
D7-OC2-BRD-PTS
PLATE-02
Lithology Limestone
Sample Condition Fresh

Small Foraminifera 8% Calcite microspar
Red algae 15%
Brachiopods 12%

Lime mud vuggy 17%
mouldic 3%
Texture
Grain Size [mm] Sorting : Poorly Sorted
Minimum Mode Maximum Roundness : Angular
0.12 0.75 3.25 Grain Contact : Matrix supported

Vety fine Coarse Granule
sand sand

Sayatan packstone, pemilahan buruk, This section showing packstone,
bentuk menyudut, butiran poorly sorted, angular, matrix
mengambang didalam matriks, butiran supported, grains mainly composed of
terdiri dari foraminifera kecil, alga small foraminifera, red algae and
merah dan brachiopoda. Butiran brachiopods. the grains set in lime
tertanam dalam matriks berupa mud matrix,
lumpur karbonat.
20

Foraminifera kecil setempat bentuk Small foraminifera, locally
globular, utuh, sebagian mengalami preserved Intact in globular, partly
mikritisasi, rongga cangkang terisi oleh micritized shells, shell cavity filled
semen kalsit, with sparry calcite cement.
Brachiopoda, berupa pecahan, Brachiopods, fragmental, commonly
umumnya hadir dalam bentuk tidak present in an incomplete form,
utuh, bentuk memanjang, struktur elongated in crystal shape,
internal mengalami neomorfisme brachiopods shell have been
menjadi mikrospar kalsit, neomorphised into sparry calcite.
Red Alga, bentuk memanjang, Red algae, elongated in crystal shape,
memiliki strutktur cellular, struktur red algae shows cellular structure,
internal mengalami neomorfisme internal structure have been
menjadi mikrospar kalsit, beberapa neomorphised into calcite microspar,
menunjukkan banyak rongga. some place shows intense vuggy.
berwarna krem, kecoklatan, keruh, colored, brownish, dusty appearance,
berukuran halus, penyebaran merata, extreme birefringence, very fine sized,
matriks mengalami neomorfisme large amounts of matrix
menjadi spar kalsit neomorphised become sparry calcite.
Sementasi berupa kalsit mikrospar calcite microspar cement are space-
umumnya semen hadir pada mengisi filling.
rongga.
1. mikritisasi, 5. 1. Micritization,
2. neomorfisme, 6. 2. Neomorphism
3. pelarutan, dan 7. 3. Dissolution, and
4. sementasi, 8. 4. Cementation
Porositas terlihat pada packstone The visible porosity of the Packstone
sebesar 20%, terdiri dari vuggy is good, overall around 20%. The
sebesar 17% dan mouldic sebesar 3%. porosity system comprises vuggy
(17%) and mouldic (3%).
21
Lm
Vug
Bch
Neo Ce
Vug
Vug
Vug Lm
Neo
Vug
22
D3-OC1-B-BKS-FMD
PLATE-03
Lithology Limestone

Small Foraminifera 2% Calcite microspar 25%
Larger Foraminifera 10% Dolomite 15%
coral 2%
echinoid 3%
Red alga 8%

Lime Mud Dissolution in grain and matrix 22%
mouldic 3%
Texture
Minimum Mode Maximum Roundness : Subounded-Angular
0.2 mm 0.62 mm 1.80 mm Grain Contact : Matrix Supported
Medium sand Corse sand Very coarse
sand

Sayatan packstone, pemilahan buruk, This section showing packstone,
bentuk membundar tanggung- poorly sorted, subrounded-angular,
menyudut, butiran mengambang matrix supported, grains mainly
didalam matriks, butiran terdiri dari composed of small foraminifera,
foraminifera kecil, foraminifera besar, larger foraminifera, coral, echinoids
koral, echinoid dan alga merah. and red algae. The grains set in lime
Butiran tertanam dalam matriks mud matrix.
lumpur karbonat
23

Foraminifera besar, hadir dalam Larger foraminifera, present in an
bentuk tidak utuh, struktur internal incomplete form, internal structure is
terkorosi, beberapa tempat terisi oleh corroded, some places are filled with
mikrospar kalsit, penyebaran merata calcite microspar, evenly distributed
Foraminifera kecil, rongga cangkang Small Foraminifera shell cavity
terisi oleh semen mirkospar kalsit , filled with calcite microspar,
bentuk globular. commonly preserved intact in
globular shape.
Koral, dijumpai banyak septa, hadir Coral, there are many septa, present
dalam bentuk tidak utuh, bentuk in an incomplete form, angular form.
menyudut.
Echinoid, bentuk membundar Echinoid, subrounded-rounded,
tanggung-membundar, hadir dalam commonly preserved intact form
bentuk utuh.
Red Alga, dominan hadir dalam Red algae, dominantly present in an
bentuk tidak utuh, menunjukkan incomplete form, red algae shows
cellular structure, beberapa tempat cellular structure, some places red
terkorosi. algae are corroded.
Matriks berupa lumpur karbonat, warna The matrix is lime mud, cream
krem, keruh, kecoklatan, berukuran colored, brownish, very fine sized,
sangat halus, sebagian besar telah large amounts of matrix
mengalami neomorfisme menjadi neomorphised become dolomite,
dolomit, penyebaran merata. evenly distributed.
sementasi berupa kalsit mikrospar dan Cementation consist of calcite
dolomit. microspar and dolomite
2. Neomorfisme, 2. Neomorphism
Porositas terlihat pada packstone, The visible porosity of the packstone,
berupa pelarutan pada butiran dan the pores are mainly dissolution
matrik sebesar sebesar 22%, dan (22%) of less stable grains and matrix
mouldic sebesar 3%. and mouldic (3%).
24
Vug
Do
Lm
Do
Lm
Alga Ech
Vug
Lm
Diss
Do
Do
LF
LF
Crl
Vug
25
D4-OC2-BGH-FMD
PLATE-04
Lithology Mixing limestone and sandstone

Classification Quartz wacke (Pettijhon, 1975)

Quartz 30% Carbonate 7%
Mica 2% Clay mineral 10%
Feldspar 2% Fe-Oxide 7%
Opaque mineral 10%
Small Foraminifera 1%
Lithic fragment
Chert 1%

Lime mud Dissolution in matrix
Texture
Minimum Mode Maximum Roundness : Angular-Subangular
0.03 mm 0.12 mm 0.32 mm Grain Contact : matrix supported
Silt Very fine Medium
sand sand

Sayatan quartz wacke, pemilahan This section showing quartz wacke,
baik, bentuk menyudut tanggung- well sorted, subangular-angular,
menyudut, butiran mengambang matrix supported, grains mainly
composed of quartz, mica, feldspar,
didalam matriks, butiran terdiri dari
opaque mineral, small foraminifera
kuarsa, mika, feldspar, mineral opak, and lithic fragment (chert). The grains
foraminifera kecil,dan fragmen litik set in lime mud matrix.
berupa rijang. Butiran tertanam
didalam matriks berupa lumpur
karbonat.
26

Kuarsa, jernih, monokristalin, Quartz, colorless, monocrystalline,
biasrangkap rendah, relief rendah, low birefringence, low relief,
menunjukkan pemadaman undulatory extinction, dominant
bergelombang, dominan bentuk angular form, evenly distributed.
menyudut, penyebaran merata.
Mika, tak berwarna, reliefr endah, Mica, colorless, low relief, have
memiliki belahan satu arah, single cleavage, high birefringence
biasrangkap tinggi (kuning), (yellow), indicating bending of
menunjukkan pelengkungan bidang cleavage plane.
belah.
Feldspar, keruh, biasrangkap rendah, Feldspar, dusty appearance, low
relief rendah, memiliki kembaran, birefringence, low relief, twinning,
beberapa menunjukkan pemadaman some place shows undulatory
bergelombang, sedikit terubah menjadi extinction, slightly altered into clay
mineral lempung. minerals.
Mineral opak, isotrop, gelap baik Opaque mineral, isotropic, dark
dalam posisi X-nikol maupun //-nikol, color at X-nicol and // - nichol
bentuk segiempat (pirit?). positions, It occurs as individual cubic
(pyrite?)
Foraminifera kecil, umumnya bentuk Small Foraminifera, commonly
utuh, globular, rongga cangkang terisi preserved intact in globular shape,
oksida besi dan karbonat shell cavity filled with iron oxides and
carbonates
Fragmen litik berupa rijang, dominan Lithic fragment composed of chert,
disusun oleh kriptokristalin silika, predominantly cryptocrystalline silica,
bentuk membundar tanggung. subrounded form.
Oksida besi, kemerahan, baik dalam Iron oxide, reddish, in both X-nicol
posisi X-nikol maupun //-nikol, hadir and // - nicol positions, predominantly
dominan pada tepian rongga, hadir Iron oxides are space-filling, occurs as
berupa nodul dan bercak. nodules and patches.

kecoklatan, keruh, biasrangkap ekstrim, brownish, dusty appearance, very fine
berukuran sangat halus, penyebaran sized, evenly distributed
merata.
Sementasi berupa karbonat, mineral Carbonates, clay minerals and iron
lempung dan oksida besi. oxides occurs as cementation
27

Porositas terlihat pada kuarsa weki The quartz wacke has poor visible
termasuk buruk, sebesar 5% rongga porosity, overall it is 5% The pores
didominasi oleh pelarutan pada butiran are dominated by dissolution of
dan matriks yang tidak stabil. unstable grains and matrix
28
Lm
Opq
Qz
Lm
Opq
Qz
Qz
Opq
Qz Lm
Opq
Lm
Qz
29
D4-OC1-SKR-PTS
PLATE-05
Lithology Limestone
Classification Packstone (Dunham, 1962)/Foraminiferal Limestone

Small foraminifera 50% Zeolite 3%
calcite microspar 7%
Authigenic Quartz 2%

Lime mud Mouldic 0.5%
Intercrystalline 0.5%
vuggy 2%
Texture
Grain Size [mm] Sorting : Medium Sorted
Minimum Mode Maximum Roundness : Rounded-Angular
0.06 mm 0.28 mm 0.7 mm Grain Contact : Point contact
Silt Medium Coarse sand
sand

Sayatan packstone, pemilahan sedang, This section showing packstone,
bentuk membundar-menyudut, batas medium sorted, rounded-angular,
kontak butiran dominan point contact, close packed, grain contact dominated
by point contact, grains mainly
butiran terdiri dari foraminifera kecil
composed of small foraminifera,
dan mineral opak, mineral opaque mineral. Mineral replacement
penggantian ditunjukkan oleh zeolite represented by zeolite, authigenic
dan kuarsa autigenik, butiran tertanam quartz. The grains set in lime mud
dalam matriks berupa lumpur matrix.
karbonat.
30

Foraminifera kecil, rongga cangkang Small foraminifera, the cavity is
terisi oleh mikrospar kalsit, bentuk filled with calcite microspar, intact
utuh, dominan bentuk globular, form, predominantly globular form,
beberapa dijumpai bentukan cuneate. cuneate form is also found.
dalam posisi X-nikol maupun //-nikol, mineral in both the X-nicol and // -
berukuran sangat halus (<0.02 mm), nicol positions, opaque mineral also is
dijumpai juga bersama sementasi space-filling with calcite microspar
mikrospar kalsit mengisi rongga. cement.
Kuarsa Autigenik, jernih, biasrangkap Autigenic Quartz, colorless, low
rendah, relief rendah, berukuran halus birefringence, low relief, very fine
<0.02, menunjukkan pemadaman sized <0.02, undulatory extinction,
bergelombang, dominan bentuk dominant angular in crystal shape.
menyudut.
Zeolite. Tak berwarna, biasrangkap Zeolite, Colorless, low birefringence,
sangat rendah, relief sangat rendah, very low relief, fibrous form, zeolite
berserabut, hadir mengisi rongga, is space-filling.
Matriks berupa lumpur karbonat, The matrix is lime mud, brownish,
berwarna kecoklatan, biasrangkap extreme birefringence, medium relief,
ekstrim, relief sedang, berukuran very fine sized. Matrix mostly have
sangat halus. Sebagian besar matriks been neomorphised into calcite
telah mengalami neomorfisme menjadi microspar.
kalsit mikrospar.
Mineral penggantian ditunjukkan oleh Replacement minerals are shown by
kuarsa autigenik, dan sementasi berupa autigenic quartz, and cementation
zeolite dan kalsit mikrospar yang consist of zeolite and calcite
mengisi rongga. microspar cement are space-filling
Proses Diagenesis terdiri dari : Rock diagenetic processes such as:
1. kompaksi, 1. Compaction,
4. Sementasi 4. Cementation.
 Porositas yang terlihat • Visible Porosity
Sementasi yang berkembang High cementation significanly
signifikan, mengurangi porositas reduced primary and secondary
porosity in the rock. Just occasional
primer dan sekunder pada batuan,
moldic (0.5%), intercrystalline (0.5%)
mouldic sebesar 0.5%, interkristalin and vuggy (2%).
0.5% dan vuggy sebesar 2%.
31
Lm
Qz
Opq
Neo
Sf
Sf
Lm
Lm
Lm
Sf
Neo
Sf
Opx
Vug
32
D7-OC3-MRS-FMD
PLATE-06
Lithology Sandstone
Classification Subarkose (Pettijhon, 1975)

Quartz 30% Clay mineral 8%
Opaque mineral 5% Fe-Oxide 5%
Feldspar 7%

Clay mineral Dissolution in Grain and matrix 40%
Texture
Minimum Mode Maximum Roundness : Rounded-
Subangular
0.05 mm 0.25 mm 0.65 mm Grain Contact : Point contact, long
silt Medium Coarse sand contact
sand

Sayatan batupasir, kenampakan Sandstone, porous, well sorted,
porous, pemilahan baik, bentuk subrounded-subangular, grain
membundar tanggung- menyudut supported, classified as subarkose.
tanggung, diklasifikasikan sebagai Grain contact dominated by long and
batuan subarkose, kontak butir point contact. Grain composition are
didominasi point contact dan long dominated by quartz with
contact. Butiran didominasi oleh subordinate feldspar and minor
kuarsa, dan sedikit feldspar dan opaque mineral. Matrix composed of
33
mineral opak, Matriks berupa mineral clay mineral. clay minerals also
lempung, mineral lempung dan oksida occurs as cementation with iron oxide.
besi juga hadir sebagai sementasi.
Kuarsa, jernih, biasrangkap rendah, Quartz, colorless, low birefringence,
relief rendah, monokristalin, low relief, monocrystalline,
menunjukkan pemadaman undulatory extinction, quartz is
bergelombang beberapa terkorosi, corroded, crack observed in quartz,
dijumpai retakan, penyebaran merata.. evenly distributed.
Mineral opak, isotrop, gelap baik Opaque minerals, isotropic, dark in
dalam posisi X-nikol maupun //-nikol, both X-nicol and // - nicol positions,
dominan bentuk tidak beraturan, dominant irregular form, some place
beberapa tempat dijumpai pula bentuk also occurs as rectangular in crystal
segiempat (pirit?). shape (pyrite?).
Feldspar, kenampakan keruh Feldspar, dusty appearance, low
biasrangkap rendah, relief rendah, birefringence, low relief, undulatory
memiliki pemadaman bergelombang, extinction, internal structure is
terkorosi, bentuk membundar corroded, subrounded form, crack
tanggung, dijumpai retakan. observed in feldspar
Matriks berupa Mineral lempung Clay mineral occurs as Matrix,
dengan kenampakan tak berwarna, appearance of clay mineral are
biasrangkap rendah (kuning), colorless, low birefringence (yellow),
berserabut, hadir diantara butiran, fibrous, present between the grains,
mineral lempung juga hadir sebagai clay minerals occurs as cementation
sementasi. also found.
Oksida besi, merah baik dalam posisi Iron oxide, red at the X-nicol and // -
X-nikol maupun //-nikol, hadir mengisi nicol positions, iron oxides are space-
rongga. filling.
Sementasi berupa mineral lempung dan Clay mineral and iron oxide are
oksida besi cementation
1. Kompaksi, 1. Compaction
4. rekristalisasi 4. Recrystallization
Porositas terlihat pada subarkose The subarkose has excellent visible
termasuk sangat bagus, sebesar 40%, porosity, overall it is 40%. The
berupa jenis porositas sekunder. porosity are secondary dissolution
type.
34
Opq
Qz Cm
Cm
Qz
Diss
Fsp
Diss
Qz
Qz
Cm
Diss
Cm
Opq
Opq Diss
35
D7-OC1-NGN-FMD
PLATE-07
Lithology Limestone

Larger Foraminifera 7% calcite microspar-spar
Red Algae 20%
Small foraminifera 1%
echinoid 2%

Lime Mud Dissolution in matrix 5%
vuggy 15%
Texture
Subangular
0.15 mm 0.65 mm 1.8 mm Grain Contact : Matrix Supported
Fine sand Coarse Very coarse
sand sand

Batugamping memiliki pemilahaan Limestone has medium sorted,
sedang, bentuk membundar tanggung- subrounded -subangular, matrix
menyudut tanggung, butiran supported, classified as packstone.
mengambang didalam matriks, Grain composition are dominated by
diklasifikasikan sebagai batuan red algae with subordinate larger
packstone, butiran didominasi oleh foraminifera and minor small
alga merah dan foraminifera besar, foraminifera and echinoids.. the grains
dengan sedikit foraminifera kecil, dan set in lime mud matrix.
36
echinoid. Butiran tertanam dalam

matriks berupa lumpur karbonat.
Foraminifera besar, rongga cangkang Larger foraminifera, shell cavity
terisi oleh mikrospar kalsit, hadir dalam filled with calcite microspar, present
bentuk tidak utuh, beberapa tempat in an incomplete form, partly
dijumpai mikritisasi. micritized shells,
Red Alga, banyak dijumpai celluar Red algae, there are celluar
structure, hadir dalam bentuk tidak structures, present in an incomplete
utuh, memanjang, setempat struktur form, elongated form, internal
internal mengalami neomorfisme structure have been neomorphised
menjadi mikrospar kalsit, rongga become calcite microspar, shell cavity
cangkang terisi oleh mikrospar kalsit. filled with calcite microspar.
Foraminifera kecil, bentuk globular, Small foraminifera, globular form,
rongga cangkang terisi oleh mikrospar shell cavity filled with calcite
kalsit. microspar.
Echinoid, hadir dalam bentuk utuh, Echinoid, commonly preserved intact
bentuk membundar tanggung. form, subrounded form,
sementasi berupa mikrospar-spar kalsit calcite microspar-spar cement are
yang hadir mengisi rongga space-filling
2. Neomorfisme, 2. Neomorphism,
3. Pelarutan 3. Dissolutionn
4. Sementasi 4. Cementation,
Porositas terlihat pada packstone The visible porosity of the packstone
sebesar 20%, porositas berupa overall around 20%. The porosity
pelarutan matriks (5%) dan vuggy system comprises dissolution in
sebesar (15%). matrix (5%) and vuggy (15%).
37
Ce Lm
Alga Vug
Ce
Neo
Vug
Neo
Sf
Lm Lm
Fsp
Lm
Neo
Lm
Vug
Alga
Alga Neo
Vug
38
D14-OC1-C-JTR-PTS
PLATE-08
Lithology Sandstone
Classification Quartz arenite (Pettijhon, 1975)

Quartz 47% Clay mineral 2%
Mica 0.5% Fe-Oxide 3%
Opaque mineral 05%
Feldspar 1%
Lithic Fragment
mudstone 0.5%
Chert 0.5%

Dissolution in matrix 42%
Intra-crystalline 3%
Texture
Subangular
0.03 0.18 0.50 Grain Contact : Point contact, long
Silt Fine sand Medium contact, concavo-
sand convex

Sayatan kuarsa arenit, porous, This section showing quartz arenite,
pemilahan baik, bentuk membundar porous, well sorted, subrounded-
tanggung-menyudut tanggung, batas subangular, Grain contact dominated
kontak butir didominasi oleh point by Point contact, long contact, and
contact, long contact dan concavo- concavo-convex, Grain composition
convex. Butiran disusun dominan oleh are dominated by quartz and minor
kuarsa, mika, mineral opak, feldspar mica, opaque mineral, feldspar, and
dan fragmen litik, fragmen litik lithic fragment, lithic fragment
39
termasuk mudstone dan rijang. included mudstone and chert.

Sementasi terdiri dari mineral Cementation composed of clay
lempung dan oksida besi. mineral with iron oxide.
Kuarsa, jernih, dominnan Quartz, colorless, dominantly
monokristalin, setempat dijumpai monocrystalline in crystal shape,
polikristalin, rendah, relief rendah, some place quartz occurs as
dominan bentuk menyudut tanggung, polycrystalline in crystal shape, low
dijumpai banyak retakan, memiliki relief, subangular form, undulatory
pemadaman bergelombang, dijumpai extinction, embayment structure,
struktur embayment, terkorosi, quartz is corroded, evenly distributed.
penyebaran merata.
Mika, tak berwarna, relief rendah, Mica, colorless, low relief, elongated
bentuk memanjang, biasrangkap tinggi, in crystal shape, high birefringence,
memiliki pemadaman bergelombang. undulatory extinction.
dalam posisi X-nikol maupun //-nikol, minerals in both X-nicol and // - nicol
bentuk rhombik (pirit?), kehadiran positions, rhombic in crystal shape
setempat. (pyrite?), Local presence.
relief rendah, berukuran 0.3 mm, birefringence, low relief, 0.3 mm in
memiliki kembaran, kehadiran size, twinning, local presence.
setempat.
Oksida besi, merah posisi //-nikol Iron oxide, red at // - nicol or X-nicol
maupun X-nikol, menyelimuti butiran. position, coating on grains.
Fragmen litik berupa nodul mudstone, Lithic fragments composed of
disusun dominan oleh lumpur karbonat, mudstone nodules dominantly lime
sedangkan rijang, disusun oleh silika mud, chert composed of dominantly
kriptokristalin, bentuk membundar cryptocrystalline silica, subrounded
tanggung. form.
Sementasi terdiri dari mineral lempung Cementation consists of clay minerals
dan oksida besi and iron oxide
1. Kompaksi 1. Compaction,
Porositas terlihat terdiri dari pelarutan The visible porosity comprises
pada matrix (42%) dan intrakristalin dissolution in matrix (42%) and
sebesar (3%). intracrystalline (3%).
40
Vug
Lith Lith
Qz
Neo
Diss
Qz
Ce
Opq
Vug
Mc
Lith
Qz Lith
Vug
Qz
Ce
Lith
41
D8-OC5-A-BGH-PTS
PLATE-09
Lithology Mixing Limestone dan sandstone

Classification Grainstone (Dunham, 1962)

Bioclastic material: calcite Microspar-Spar 28%
Larger Foraminifera 8% Clay mineral 2%
Coral 20% Fe-Oxide 5%
Red algae 1%
Small foraminifera 3%
Non-Bioclastic material:
Quartz 15%
Feldspar 1%
Opaque mineral 2%

Lime Mud Vuggy 9%
Intercrystalline 1%
Texture
Subangular
0.10 0.32 1.65 Grain Contact : Point contact, long
Very fine Medium Very coarse contact, concavo-
sand sand sand convex

Sayatan grainstone, pemilahan This section showing grainstone,
sedang, bentuk membundar tanggung- medium sorted, subrounded-
menyudut tanggung, kontak butir subangular, grain contact dominated
didominasi oleh point contact, long by point contact, long contact, and
contact, dan concavo-convex. Butiran concavo-convex. The grains are
terdiri dari cangkang bioklastik terdiri composed of bioclastic material
dari foraminifera besar, koral, alga consisting of larger foraminifera,
42
merah dan foraminifera kecil. coral, red algae and small

Sedangkan material non-bioklastik foraminifera. other non-bioclastic
terdiri dari kuarsa, feldspar dan grains consist of quartz, feldspar and
mineral opak. Butiran tertanam dalam opaque minerals. The grains set in
matriks berupa lumpur karbonat. lime mud matrix.
Material bioklastik terdiri dari: Bioclastic materials consist of:
Foraminifera besar, dijumpai dalam Larger foraminifera, commonly
bentuk utuh, struktur internal preserved intact form, internal
mengalami neomorfisme menjadi structure have been neomorphised
mikrospar kalsit. become calcite microspar.
Koral, dijumpai banyak septa, Coral, there are many septa, mostly
sebagian besar dalam bentuk tidak present incomplete form / fragmental,
utuh/pecahan, septa banyak teriri oleh septa are mostly filled with sparry
spari kalsit. calcite.
Alga merah, bentuk memanjang, Red algae, elongated in crystal shape,
struktur internal sebagaian besar telah internal structure mostly have been
mengalami neomorfisme menjadi neomorphised into calcite microspar,
mikrospar kalsit, hadir dalam bentuk present in pseudomorf.
psudomorf.
Foraminifera kecil, bentuk globular Small Foraminifera, commonly
dan cuneate, rongga terisi oleh preserved intact in globular and
mikrospar kalsit, dan karbon. cuneate shape, shell cavity filled with
calcite microspars, and carbon.
Material non-bioklastik terdiri dari Non-bioclastic materials consist of
Kuarsa, jernih, monokristalin, Quartz, colorless, monocrystalline,
biasrangkap rendah, relief rendah, low birefringence, low relief,
struktur embayment, menunjukkan embayment structure, undulatory
pemadaman bergelombang, dijumpai extinction, crack observed in this
retakan, penyebaran merata. quartz, evenly distributed.
relief rendah, memiliki tekstur perthit, birefringence, low relief, has a perthit
kehadiran setempat. texture, local presence.
dominan bentuk segiempat (pirit?). positions, predominantly rectangular
in crystal shape (pyrite?).
Oksida besi, merah kecoklatan baik Iron oxide, brownish red in both the
dalam posisi X-nikol maupun //-nikol, X-nicol and // - nicol positions, iron
setempat hadir dalam bentuk bercak, oxides occurs as a patches. vuggy
rongga terisi oleh mineral lempung dan filled with clay minerals and iron
oksida besi. oxide
43
Matriks berupa lumpur karbonat, The matrix Mtx is lime mud,

warna kecoklatan, keruh, biasrangkap cream-colored, dusty appearance,
ekstrim, berukuran sangat halus, extreme birefringence, very fine sized,
sebagian besar telah mengalami large amounts of matrix have been
neomorfisme menjadi mikrospar kalsit. neomorphised into calcite microspar.
Sementasi berupa mikrospar-spar Cementation consist of calcite,
kalsit, microspar-spar, clay mineral and iron
Mineral lempung dan oksida besi. oxide
2. Neomorfisme 2. Neomorphism,
Porositas terlihat berupa pelarutan The visible porosity are secondary
sekunder yang didominasi oleh vuggy dissolution type that are dominated by
(9%) dan interkristalin (1%). vuggy (9%) and intercrystalline (1%).
44
Qz
Qz
Vug
Crl
Ce
Opq
Lm
Neo
Opq Alga Opq
Vug
Neo
Vug
Neo Qz
Qz
45
D5-OC1-D-BKK-FMD
PLATE-10
Lithology Volcanic rock

Classification Lithic Tuff (Pettijhon, 1975)

Biotite 4% Clay mineral 13%
Plagioclase 8% Palagonite 20%
Quartz 6% Zeolite 2%
Opaque mineral 2%
Lithic Fragment
Pumice 20%
Andesite 2%
Basalt-Trachyte 1%

Volcanic Glass Dissolution in matrix
Texture
Minimum Mode Maximum Roundness : Subangular-Angular
0.05 0.70 1.21 Grain Contact : -

Silt Coarse Very coarse
sand sand

Batuan tuf litik berukuran tuf, sedikit This section showing lithic tuff,
teroksidasi, pemilahan buruk, bentuk weakly oxidized, poorly sorted, grains
menyudut tanggung-menyudut, mainly composed biotite, plagioclase,
butiran disusun oleh biotit, plagioklas, quartz and opaque minerals, lithic
kuarsa dan mineral opak, fragmen fragments consist of pumice, andesite
litik terdiri dari pumis, andesit dan and trachytic basalt.
basalt trakhitik.
46

Biotit, hijau-kecoklatan, belahan Biotite, green-brownish, perfect
sempurna, memanjang, belahan satu cleavage,, elongated form, indicating
arah, dominan menunjukkan bending of cleavage plane, there are
pelengkungan bidang belah, terdapat opaque mineral inclusions, undulatory
inklusi mineral opak, menunjukkan extinction.
pemadaman bergelombang.
Plagioklas, tak berwarna, biasrangkap Plagioclase, colorless, low
rendah, relief rendah, memiliki birefringence, low relief, twinning,
kembaran, dijumpai retakan, memiliki undulatory extinction, internal
pemadaman bergelombang, terkorosi, structures are corroded, crack
bentuk menyudut tanggung. observed in plagioclase, subangular.
Kuarsa, jernih, biasrangkap rendah, Quartz, colorless, low birefringence,
relief rendah, monokristalin, dijumpai low relief, dominantly
retakan dan struktur embayment. monocrystalline, crack and
embayment structure are also found.
dalam posisi X-nikol maupun //-nikol, mineral at X-nicol and // - nicol
bentuk tidka beraturan. positions, irregular in crystal shape.
Fragmen litik terdiri dari basalt Lithic fragment consists of trachytic
trakhitik, yang ditandai oleh orientasi basalt, which is characterized by
plagioklas, sedangkan andesit, disusun plagioclase orientation, while
oleh piroksen dan plagioklas, serta andesite, which is composed of
pumis yang sudah terubah menjadi pyroxene and plagioclase, and
mineral lempung. pumice, which have been altered into
clay minerals.
Matriks berupa gelas volkanik, Matrix is volcanic glass, dusty
kenampakan keruh, kecoklatan, appearance, brownish, very fine,
berukuran sangat halus, yang sudah which has been altered into
terubah menjadi palagonit, mineral palagonite, clay minerals, and zeolite,
lempung, zeolite, penyebaran merata. evenly distributed
Penggantian ditandai oleh kehadiran Palagonite occurs as a replacement
palagonite, Sementasi terdiri mineral mineral. Clay mineral, palagonite and
lempung dan palagonite iron oxide occurs as a cementation
Sebagian besar rongga antar butir Most of intergrain space filled by clay
terisi oleh mineral lempung, porositas minerals. The visual porosity average
terlihat berkisar 15%, berupa is 15%. The porosity system
pelarutan pada matriks comprises secondary dissolution in
matrix.
47
Bio
Opq Lith
Qz
Glss Cm
Pgl
Cm
Pgl Bio
Bio
Bio Lith
Lith
Lith
lith
Pgl
Diss Opq Qz
Pgl
Cm
48
D7-OC1-BRD-PTS
PLATE-11
Lithology Limestone
Classification Dolostone (Missouri Geology, 2011)
Grains 1.5% Cementation/Replacement 72.5%

Opaque mineral 1.5% Dolomite 75%
Fe-Oxide 2.5%
Clay mineral 5%

Clay material Intercrystalline
Texture
Minimum Mode Maximum Roundness : Rounded-
Subrounded
0.03 0.1 0.12 Grain Contact : Long contact, point
silt Veryfine Very fine contact
sand sand

Batuan dolostone, memiliki Dolostone, well sorted, subrounded-
pemilahan baik, bentuk membundar- rounded, grain contact dominated by
membundar tanggung, kontak butir long contact and point contact. Clay
didominasi oleh long contact dan minerals occurs as matrix and
point contact. Dijumpai mineral cementation.
lempung yang hadir sebagai matriks
dan sementasi.
49

Dolomit, tak berwarna, relief tinggi, Dolomite, colorless, high relief,
biasrangkap ekstrim, bentuk rhombik, extreme birefringence, rhombic in
struktur internal terkorosi, penyebaran crystal shape, internal structure is
merata. corroded, evenly distributed.
Mineral opak, isotrop, gelap baik Opaque Mineral, isotropic, dark at
dalam posisi X-nikol maupun //-nikol, X-nicol and // - nicol positions,
bentuk rhombik (pirit?), beberapa rhombic in crystal shape (pyrite?),
dijumpai bentuk tidak beraturan. some place shows irregular in crystal
shape.
Mineral lempung, tak berwarna, Clay minerals, colorless, low
biasrangkap rendah, relief rendah, hadir birefringence, low relief, clay mineral
diantara butiran sementasi. coatings on grains as cementation.
Oksida besi, warna gelap kemerahan, Iron oxide, a dark reddish color, at X-
baik dalam posisi X-nikol maupun //- nicol and // - nicol positions, iron
nikol, hadir diantara tepian rongga. oxides are space-filling
Batuan sudah mengalami dolomitisasi Limestone has been dolomitized into
seluruhnya, sementasi berupa mineral dolomite mineral, clay mineral and
lempung dan oksida besi. iron oxides occurs as cementation.
 Diagenesis • Diagenetic:
2. Dolomitisasi, 2. Dolomitization
Porositas terlihat pada bagian jelas The visual porosity in the cleaner part
pada dolostone berkisar 10%, porositas of the dolostone average porosity is
merupakan porositas sekunder berupa 10%, Thepores are secondary
berupa intergranular. intergranular.
50
Do
Do
Opq
Opq
Do
Do
Do Do
Do
Opq
Do
Do
Opq
51
D8-OC1-BRD-FMD
PLATE-12
Lithology Limestone
Classification Dolostone (Missouri Geology, 2011)

Dolomite 83%
Fe-Oxide 2%
Clay mineral 1.5%
Spar calcite 1.5%

Intercrystalline 8%
Channel 2%
Vuggy 2%
Texture
Subangular
0.03 0.08 0.26 mm Grain Contact : Point contact, long
Silt Very fine Medium contact
sand sand

Sayatan dolostone, pemilahan baik, Dolostone, well sorted, subrounded-
bentuk membundar tanggung- subangular, grain contact dominated
menyudut tanggung, kontak butir by point contact and long contact.
berupa point contact dan long contact.
Dolomit, tak berwarna,, bentuk Dolomite, colorless, rhombic in
rhombik, tidak terdapat noda alizarin crystal shape, there are no alizarin red
red S, bentuk kristalin, terdapat inklusi stain, crystalline form, opaque mineral
52
mineral opak, dijumpai retakan, inclusions, cracks observed in

penyebaran merata. dolomite, evenly distributed.
Oksida besi, merah kecoklatan baik Iron oxide, brownish red at X-nicol
dalam posisi X-nikol maupun //-nikol, and // - nicol positions, iron oxides
hadir dalam bentuk bercak dan nodul. occurs as nodules and patches.
Mineral opak, isotrop gelap baik Opaque mineral, isotrope, dark at X-
dalam posisi X-nikol maupun //-nikol, nicol and // - nicol positions,
bentuk segiempat (pirit?), berukuran rectangular in crystal shape (pyrite?),
halus (<0.03 mm). Fine sized (<0.03 mm).
Mineral lempung, hadir sebagai Clay minerals, occurs as cement,
sementasi, tak berwarna, biasrangkap colorless, low birefringence, low
rendah, relief rendah, berukuran sangat relief, very fine sized, fibrous, present
halus, berserabut, hadir diantara between the grains.
butiran.
Umummnya batuan telah mengalami Limestone mostly have been
dolomitisasi, sedangkan sementasi dolomitized into dolomite mineral.
terdiri dari oksida besi, mineral Clay mineral, iron oxide and calcite
lempung dan sparry calcite spar occurs as cementation
Proses Diagenesis terdiri dari: Rock diagenetic processes such as:
1. Kompaksi 1.Compaction
4. Sementasi 4. Cementation,
Porositas terlihat dominan berupa Porosity appears to be predominantly
interkristalin (8%) dan channel (2%) intercrystalline (8%) and channel
(2%)
53
Dol
Dol
Ic
Dol
Vug
Dol Dol
Vug
Do Do
Ic
Chnl
Chnl
Do
Do
Vug
54
D6-OC3-KRJ-FMD
PLATE-13
Lithology Limestone
Classification Grainstone (Dunham, 1962)

Bioclastic material: Calcite microspar-Spar 23%
Brachiopoda 30% Clay mineral 1%
Coral 10% Authigenic Quartz 1%
Small Foraminifera 1%
bryozoa 20%
Larger Foraminifera 2%
Non-Bioclastic material:
Opaque Mineral 2%

Lime Mud Vuggy 3.5%
mouldic 0.5%
Intercrystalline 1%
Texture
Minimum Mode Maximum Roundness : Angular-Subrounded
0.1 0.78 7 mm Grain Contact : Matrix Supported
silt Coarse pebble
sand

Sayatan grainstone, pemilahan buruk, This section showing grainstone,
bentuk membundar tanggung- poorly sorted, subrounded-angular,
menyudut, butiran disusun oleh The grains are composed of bioclastic
material bioklastik yang terdiri dari material consisting of brachiopods,
brachiopoda, koral, foraminifera kecil, coral, small foraminifera, byrozoa,
byrozoa, dan foraminifera besar, and larger foraminifera, other non-
sedangkan material non-bioklastik bioclastic grains consist of opaque
terdiri dari mineral opak dan karbon. minerals and carbon. The grains set in
lime mud matrix
55
Butiran tertanam dalam matriks

berupa lumpur karbonat.
Brachiopoda, berupa pecahan, hadir Brachiopods, fragmental, present in
dalam bentuk tidak utuh, bentuk an incomplete form, elongated form,
memanjang, struktur internal the internal structure have been
mengalami neomorfisme menjasi neomorphised into calcite microspar.
mikrospar kalsit,
Koral, struktur internal mengalami Coral, Internal structure is dissolved
pelarutan kemudian terisi oleh and then filled with sparry calcite
sementasi spar kalsit, rongga septa cement, there many septa are filled
terisi oleh spar kalsit dan mineral with sparry calcite and clay minerals.
lempung
Foraminifera kecil bentuk globular, Small Foraminifera, commonly
utuh, mengalami mikritisasi, kehadiran preserved intact in globular shape,
setempat. partly micritized shells, local
presence.
Bryozoa, hadir dalam bentuk pecahan, Bryozoans, fragmental, elongated
bentuk memanjang, dijumpai banyak form, some place shows intense
rongga. vuggy.
Foraminifera besar, hadir dalam Larger foraminifera, present in an
bentuk tidak utuh, rongga cangkang incomplete form, shell cavity is filled
terisi oleh spar kalsit, struktur internal with sparry calcite, internal structures
mengalami neomorfisme menjadi have been neomorphised become
mikrospar kalsit, beberapa calcite microspar, some place shows
menunjukkan banyak rongga intense vuggy.
bentuk rhombik (pirit?) positions, rhombic in crystal shape
(pyrite?)
Kuarsa Autigenik, jernih, biasrangkap Authigenic quartz, colorless, low
rendah, relief rendah, bentuk birefringence, low relief, rounded,
membundar, monokristalin, monocrystalline in crystal shape.
Matriks berupa lumpur karbonat, The matrix Mtx is lime mud,
berwarna krem, kecoklatan, cream-colored, brownish, dusty
kenampakan keruh, biasrangkap appearance, extreme birefringence,
ekstrim, berukuran sangat halus, very fine sized, large amounts of
sebagian besar matriks mengalami matrix have been neomorphised into
neomorfisme menjadi spar kalsit sparry calcite.
Sementasi berupa mikrospar-spar dan calcite sparry-microspar and clay
mineral lempung, umumnya semen mineral cement are space-filling
56
hadir pada mengisi rongga

Porositas berupa vuggy (3.5%), The pores are mainly vuggy (3.5%),
mouldic (0.5%) dan interkristalin mouldic (0.5%) and intercrystalline
sebesar 1% (1%).
57
Lm
Neo
Sf
Opq
Neo
Ce
Bch
Bch
Ce
Lm Ce Neo
Neo
Bch
Crl Crl
Ce
Opq
Vug
58

East Java Basin, 18042021

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PT.

PERTAMINA HULU ENERGI

GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSIC STUDY

Sepuluh November Institute of Technology (ITS)

Figure 1 List of Outcrop Samples ……………………………………….. 1

Petrographic & Photomicrographs with Descriptions …………………... 1-13

B. Sampel & Analisa B. Samples & Analyses

C. Data Lapangan C. Field Data

II. DESKRIPSI BATUAN II. ROCK DESCRIPTION

MIOSEN AWAL- MIOSEN EARLY MIOCENE- MIDDLE

MIOSEN TENGAH MIDDLE MIOCENE

MIOSEN AKHIR-PLIOSEN LATE MIOCENE-PLIOCENE

PLIOSEN AWAL-SEKARANG EARLY PLIOCENE-RECENT

e. Kualitas Reservoir e. Reservoir Quality

Tipe porositas terdiri dari dominan The porosity type comprises of

f. Klasifikasi batuan f. Rock Classification

Figure 3: Classification diagram on sandstone from Pettijhon, (1975)

D7-OC2-BRD-PTS D4-OC1-SKR-PTS D8-OC5-A-BGH-PTS

Lithic Tuff Crystal Tuff

PETROGRAPHY ANALYSIS OF OUTCROP SAMPLE

Lithology Mixing volcanic rock and limestone

Grains 60% Cementation/Replacement 25%

Matrix 5% Visible Porosity 12%

 Tekstur dan komposisi • Texture and composition

dicirikan berupa bercak-bercak, Oxide were characterized by speckled,

PETROGRAPHY ANALYSIS OF OUTCROP SAMPLE

Grains 35% Cementation/Replacement 10%

Matrix 35% Visible Porosity 20%

0.12 0.75 3.25 Grain Contact : Matrix supported

 Tekstur dan komposisi • Texture and composition

Deskripsi Mikroskopis: Microscopic Description:

PETROGRAPHY ANALYSIS OF OUTCROP SAMPLE

Grains 25% Cementation/Replacement 40%

Matrix 10% Visible Porosity 25%

 Tekstur dan komposisi • Texture and composition

Deskripsi Mikroskopis: Microscopic Description:

PETROGRAPHY ANALYSIS OF OUTCROP SAMPLE

Lithology Mixing limestone and sandstone

Grains 46% Cementation/Replacement 24%

Matrix 25% Visible Porosity 5%

 Tekstur dan komposisi • Texture and composition

Deskripsi Mikroskopis: Microscopic Description:

Matriks berupa lumpur karbonat, The matrix is lime mud, cream

 Porositas yang terlihat • Visible porosity

PETROGRAPHY ANALYSIS OF OUTCROP SAMPLE

Grains 50% Cementation/Replacement 12%

Matrix 35% Visible Porosity 3%

 Tekstur dan komposisi • Texture and composition

Deskripsi Mikroskopis: Microscopic Description:

PETROGRAPHY ANALYSIS OF OUTCROP SAMPLE

Grains 42% Cementation/Replacement 13%

Matrix 5% Visible Porosity 40%

 Tekstur dan komposisi • Texture and composition

PETROGRAPHY ANALYSIS OF OUTCROP SAMPLE

Grains 30% Cementation/Replacement 35%

Matrix 15% Visible Porosity 20%

 Tekstur dan komposisi • Texture and composition

echinoid. Butiran tertanam dalam

PETROGRAPHY ANALYSIS OF OUTCROP SAMPLE

Grains 50% Cementation/Replacement 5%

Matrix 0% Visible Porosity 45%

 Tekstur dan komposisi • Texture and composition

termasuk mudstone dan rijang. included mudstone and chert.