Losic Coudor Oayagato

ts itemal
bugigatim
Jogsters,
Couputerc

in a Set iMsfrwtions Ht

1.Trstuti codes An iseuctibm Cade in a

bits Hat imtruet Ha Couputere to þerkoam o
diwded iwto Parts, eAch hawi
opersti. t in usually diuded
Lts O halar Openalint-iodepetaligm.
bsic oret
Aie add, ubtrot,rulty olift, d
Couhlement.

Consst otlest m-bits te o gar 2"(or Les)

istct öprsiers.

Memayto6xK
15 12 1|
Addes Fstwtions
Gpcode (Roam)
Instruttom format
15
(dlata)
 1he Sislst wa to hgawige a (ouputere in to haue Ome
Rhoes Rezester (A)dinstrtiom Code formet suik,
tus Paets as Shswn im fyee.
X,Tie tntt Part Apecifes e opehaton to he ekomed

ad dota
im QmoHrt. tov a memay Unit th 4ot6 tos e
meed 12 bits to

our (u) bts for ke operton code Copode) -to

On Out speity
16 Possibt. operations.(16). Ad
Hie address
Ý2 bt
apexad.
Comtrol K-hit istrweton (rom Hae
eads a
mena, uses He (2 hits adds at o Hae
instwon to ead 6-bt operad oom tae data
ead i6-bit
openand artioM from
to

42 Denamstnalom_ Lannodiate, hect aus tdiret

Addres.
15 14 (2||
I Gpcode Addhe
Memoy (o) Jmsthutiom tormt
22 0 AD T
S52 ADD 3o
7350

1350

AG AC
6) Dixeet sadhas ) Irdinect Adas.
 where I in Hhe mode bit i
(0 Zmediate Adda-I Ha data ovitormsliom
lonotrwcion Cod

(Jaded Addre 4I(mode bit =)

6 bits

12 bits

I hitabil) Sbits

Imeduàte AJdrs It in Someties Comveniet to wse

he aress bits am intuiom Cooe mot s an
address bt a He octual operdnd. IwheM He Seeamd
Pat an imstwdiom Code speities an öperamd, he
imdtetiom in said to be have an immediate oprand.
e Diet Addhesslallen e Secod art Q

-tiom bpeifres te addres an dpead, tHe imat ig

in Sacd to ha dirit Adds.
Jdet Addhess whem He Second Yart a insuct
an aodress a mem0 wod in
-tom deignate
adares
He opehamd in foun,is Sald
on
fo haue Qn dinet
udil Addeess.
t EHein Addres Te Atual Adds o Omm operad
n Sa to be the eectri Address.
d Hhe hold t Hhat O,so emeted
by Hiim
takn
tor îmstwi
on
ctom
to meat ke addrets
q Heholds thot
bts 12 ain
(Pc) Coutee Koalam Cayde) ogam
Comectiom 1.3.2>
OUTRTNPR
Ac
TR
(5
wdd
Memay 4o76 AR
PC
authut Halds oUTR Ragoie Oatput
fobt Molds INPR RegiMehe
TR
Tepasy
6.
Altdeusq Hold 12
Couator hagha
Regist
don |Holsds 16 Intut'on .
16 Acumulator
Ac 3.
ARlaçbte Addnes 2.
12 kaglster Dadto 1.
bita S.NO
kugites’ Couputer 13
 am impt deie, Stuilary te Outpt Regito (our)
hold aM 8-bt charate o Qn

aud Ctnaled unit.

Commted 3t Hhe Commom bus.

The speifs olp Hhat in selected kov H bus i s at
imoy vales
Seletiom ines i.e S S, So.

fgune belos.
* IAPR is
io Commeted ouide intormaliny to e bus
beco INPR eeei
toanstered to A and OUTR oceeds character Ac awd
delivers t o]p oleviee. Bs S2

Memoy Unt
eload
1
AR
INA

Adde AC
INR TeLR

TLD
TR
TLD
-bt Conmon SuA
*. 5

*. 2 egiates haue oudy La(lood ae IR and OUTR.

*. The Yoput oata od ofP data q a
to a Com Man bus but the memay ane onmeted
to AR.
memoy addhes in Gnmeted

zes.
’One Set He
AC
tor egister Miuo- opalis Soek as

Suh as
GY AN h to AC.
> TLa Tind Set

Ragister ppied
the hus
huws od am "oþenaiom Can he Yerfamed in
He Sawe clock
-Cyc.ha cloek transitsn at he ed Hhe
He bu iuto the
damguated destmaton egsts
2. Cotþutor astoutioms 24)

Showm belouw.
15 14 (21|
fsue a. I0pcode Addhass
Memay Regeumee jnbtswcon
thrsugh llo ter
fey I=0-> Dinect Addass
opcoe 2000 Hrog lo
I6 211

I Opcode (opcode=|1 ,I=o)

Registe-legonee tatru tien
|1112 oopestb
I qcde
(opcade=1,T=)

Taes Sasic Cawjter hes S imstrwtioa Code fat

L- memasy-Jeree nstwio.
2. kasistee -relereMee tnstnwetiom
3. L|p- o| LostweioM.
H
sutut Contnal ham t 4-hto in Positom
(12 thanugh 15) opcoede
bts im lositioms 12Hhrouh l4 ane not egual to 1l|
Hlm the iwtuio s a
memy ateeme instuet
Ad t bit înn
osittom 6 taudim s he Mode bit
I=0 ed I l ter det Addass oud nineet Addhess espeeti
kev He hit in position 15. T He bd in
Zeho He
Znstsuie i agiste-oeremek Istwd
bt in 1. at 6 oditien im to wod, Ha imttucion

he kexadeimal code in equals

equals toto te guhvalont hea
-decimal mo. ca Hal bimany Cade used for tae tntrtom
escadeeiMal
om fatution Code to Lt- digits ith each heyadeimst
digt heinug esuiualint to 4-bits. Te Addsus Part n
denoted by Sxs aud temd tor s3 hesadecimal digits
Camspodinig to thae (2 bit Adshas.
last 4-bits an imstouiom kawe a kexadecinnal digit
eauvaliut fodm o to 6, Sraee Hae last bit i 0.
II=l, the heoadeimal digt Equiualent He ast
4 bits Hein strutio hanges fom 8 to E, Srniu
He last bit n 1.

Symbo! Heyédecimal Code

I=0 I=l Desittov
AND Bxxx AND ntany o to Ac
ADD | XXX Add menmay wad to Al
)-3XX Axxx Locd memay Aveld to Ac
STA 3XXX Btane Cotet qAc in ngpay
CxX X Bamek Umeoniitiomaly
BSA DXx X
1SZ EXX

Menany- efermee Zmstrwdin

-Rafrtme
1-l, trdid mensy-Ruornee
 Syrbal
CuA
Leadaeinl Coe desoiptio
Cleare AG
CAE clonr E
CMA 4200
CME
Coutleitt Ac
Couuhlentut E
CIR A080 Cineulate Richt AC and E
CIL T040 Cinelare let AC aud E
4020 tneremet Ac
SPA 010 SKip mnext jrstnudion I Ac fositi
SNA 008
SzA
SZE 002 Skip met Imttuiom E0
HLT 760| Holt (obuter.
Kegitten- Rjomee tstnueton
* tor Rogi/stor -RejertMce , the dogt most e- bits ane aluays
O,hich in eguialtnt to hscacecinal
hexadeinel Code 7

Henadeumal Cocde LOescibtiom

F800 Znput Chrsetore to rtc
OUT Output Chraeter rom Ac
SKI F200 guip om huput log
F100 SKip
SKO
fo80
IoF Fo40 Iaterubt Of
Trput -utut heene studism

eguivalt to heKadeeimel Code F

 io exeuted mMe Cotuter by gorng
each istrctiom, kacl Mstructionm
intum n Sub-divided tvto a
oy Phases.
Tn a basit Conbute Sys tem each istrwucion
Connsist Phases.

(a) fetel an Iwstrwclion fnom mensy.

(b) DeCode he Jonstuciom.

Jmdtryetion has am indlineet Adhes.

(4) Exeeute te instuetionm.
e Contnol poes back to
Cohletion q Steh next
fetch,deese awd execte to te
Sep-1 to
TstrUtion.

the fisist îmstwion i He

Segume Counter (So) cleared
to 0(2ea), fer froviding the
SC ioneremeted
he

by 2, So Hhat He
the iing Sgnals go Krwgh a
hrs-oberalioms foy felek d decade Rhase
e
Statememti

T^XK5)
 *. Slne AR is Coneted to H addne inhuts Mava
Itin mectbang to hamsper HhaHe addnas ro Dc to A
A
oso ciated wih Trnng

At He Same tie, Pe n inenemeted by Omel1)

to retaNe t toy He mext addrels josthwclin.
opersion Cale (opcole) im Ik in
decocedy
(),
aastred to AR.
3.21-5 Elouw chat foy Jostryiom yle
Start

lo

TRMAR), Pce potI

jecea Gpesom Cade iw TRÍ2-4)

ARE TR(0-), IkIR5)

7)1=Aeo(Begsien) 13
Exete Exete
/p-ole
Tmstwttin
Exete
ema-Refrmee
fonsttin, Scko
Toput Output Aud tatornut
Eiglt bits amnd
holds an

atiom in avuailable mH ahut sdotoe

alphaie Code gied

tn H e ybod, ay 8-bi

Ku dormalorn on
I INPR Canm ot be changed
in set,

ne

Seal
Coumicaiiu Repster

but

FQ0 is clared to 0. the Output oautoe atceps

to 0uTR oud charactes,
Hhe Coded intomeio, benet te conesjomalig
 TEN
Sem
Ragtom LkamaMo
fidt.sutoms hat eyeute
evice butsut ad Zafud adn Guhs
(a
Aqplirabi
we
lile C
Syste lhe fo
Call Sone
heate ill
exeuted
by hacesh adtm