IMPULSE

AND
MOMENTUM
 OM AN I
• Momentum t3
• It is the product of mass and velocity, so it is a vector quantity
— »i ‹ v
• Its units are kg*m/s
• A large momentum can come from a large mass moving slowly or a small mass
moving quickly.
Forces cause
acceleration
• Impulse
(F=ma} • It is a change in momentum, Ap
• It is the cumulative effect of force acting over a time interval, so I Z F !! B£
• You must take direction into account
Acceleration • It units are N*s, which is equivalent to kg*m/s (momentum units)
changes
velocity
A supersonic bomber, with a mass of 21,000
kg, departs from its home airbase with a
velocity of 400 mls due east. What is the jet's
momentum?
Sample. A baseball (m = 0.14 kg) with initial
velocity of -40 m/s (90 mph) is hit. It leaves the bat
with a velocity of 60 m/s after 0.001 s. What is the
impulse and avera e net force applied to the ball
by the bat? , ,\
 Car/Wall collision with crash barrels

• In general, the longer tne time interval of the interaction, the lower tne forces involved.
In a particular crash test, a car of mass 1 500 kg collides with a wall as shown in
the figure. The initial and final velocities of the car arerespectively. If the collision
lasts
0.150 s, find the impulse caused by the collision and the average force exerted on
the car.

-1 s.0 mps
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF
MOMENTUM
-The cocal momentum of all objects interacting
with one another remains oncstant regardless of
the nature of the forces between the objects.
0' Initial momentum = Final momentum
ITI ) i i "'" " 2 2i " "_l'*'{f "'" " 2 2f
 INELASTIC COLLISIONS ’ELASTIC COLLISIONS y
- In a perfectly inelastic collision, two objects
stick tO ether and move as one mass aker - In an elastic collision, two objects return to their original
the co on.
shapes and move away from the collision separately.
- Momentum is conserved but kinetic energy is
T p y inelas - Both m and k’ t’ y are conserved in an
collision. elastic collision.
- In an inelastic collision, kinetic ener
is
converted to internal elasti tential ener
when the objects deform. Some l‹inetic
sy - Few collisions are elastic or perfectly inelastic
energy is also converted to sound energy and
thermal energy.
(# s)( ş’ +(›)( lÇ O.SS, iY
O,0 ç’ - - 0,ç\, Ÿ
_ ç 0,SV V
0.00 s ONormal
%IOW

W Mare Data
Mass (kg) POSltlOF\ (m)
veloclty (mls) Momentum (I‹g mls)
V
x p

0 0 1 80 1 00 0.50
0 0 1 60 2 03 -1.00
EXERCISE
The momentum of a 3000 kg truck is 6.36 x 10^4 kg mls. At what speed is tne truck traveling?

A .5 kg football is tnrown with a velocity Df 15 mls to the right. A stationary receiver catches the ball
and brings it to rest in .02 seconds. What is the force exerted Dn tne ball by the receiver?

A 0.05 kg golf ball is struck by a club that produces a force of 272 N and the ball a velocity of 62
mls. For how long was the club in contact with the ball?

A 2500 kg car traveling to the north is slowed down uniformly from an initial velocity of 20 mls by a 6250
N braking force acting opposite the car’s motion. (Hint - force is negative 6250 not positive). Use the
impulse momentum theorem to answer the following questions: a. What is the car’s velocity after 2.5 s? b.
How far does the car move during 2.5 s? c. How long does it take the car to cDme to a complete stop
(final velocity now equals zero)?

A .25 kg arrow with a velocity of 12 mls to the west strikes and pierces the center of a 6.8 kg target. a.
What is the final velocity of the combined mass? b. What is the decrease in kinetic energy during the
collisiDn?