List of refrigerants

This is a list of refrigerants, sorted by their ASHRAE-designated numbers, commonly known as R numbers. Many
modern refrigerants are human-made halogenated gases, especially fluorinated gases and chlorinated gases, that are
frequently referred to as Freon (a registered trademark of Chemours). The R number of a chemical refrigerant is assigned
systematically according to molecular structure. First ASHRAE digit is the number of carbon atoms minus 1 (C-1); the
second digit is the number of hydrogen atoms plus 1 (H+1); the third digit is the number of fluorine atoms; any remaining
spaces are chlorine atoms. Eg.: R-22 aka R-022, which is chlorodifluoromethane. C=1 i.e. 1-1=0; H=1 i.e. 1+1=2; F=2 i.e
2; 1 remaining space 1=Cl. A "B" number means that one of the chlorine atoms is replaced by bromine (Br). This formula
does not work with zeotropic or azeotropic blends.
The table is sortable by each of the following refrigerant properties (scroll right or reduce magnification to view more
properties):

 Type/prefix (see legends)

 ASHRAE number

 IUPAC chemical name

 molecular formula
 CAS registry number / blend name
 Atmospheric lifetime in years
 Semi-empirical ozone depletion potential
 Net global warming potential over a 100-year time horizon
 Occupational exposure limit/permissible exposure limit in parts per million (volume per volume) over a time-weighted
average (TWA) concentration for a normal eight-hour work day and a 40-hour work week
 ASHRAE 34 safety group in toxicity & flammability (in air @ 60 °C, 101.3 kPa) classing (see legends)
 Refrigerant concentration limit / immediately dangerous to life or health in parts per million (volume per volume) and
grams per cubic meter
 Molecular mass in atomic mass units
 Normal boiling point (or bubble & dew points for the zeotrope(400)-series), or normal boiling point and azeotropic
temperature for the azeotrope(500)-series) at 101,325 Pa (1 atmosphere) in degrees Celsius
 Critical temperature in degrees Celsius
 Absolute critical pressure in kilopascals

Since over 100,000 refrigerant blends are possible, this list should only have notable refrigerants and refrigerant blends.

List
TYPE ASHRAE No IUPAC chemical name Molecular formula

CFC R-11 Trichlorofluoromethane CCl3F

CFC R-12 Dichlorodifluoromethane CCl2F2
H R-12B1 Bromochlorodifluoromethane CBrClF2 or CF2ClBr
H R-12B2 Dibromodifluoromethane CBr2F2
CFC R-13 Chlorotrifluoromethane CClF3
H R-13B1 Bromotrifluoromethane CBrF3 or CF3Br
PFC R-14 Tetrafluoromethane CF4
HCC R-20 Chloroform (Trichloromethane) CHCl3
HCFC R-21 Dichlorofluoromethane CHFCl2
TYPE ASHRAE No IUPAC chemical name Molecular formula
HCFC R-22 Chlorodifluoromethane CHClF2
H R-22B1 Bromodifluoromethane CHBrF2 or CHF2Br
HFC R-23 Trifluoromethane (Fluoroform) CHF3
HCC R-30 Dichloromethane (Methylene chloride) CH2Cl2
HCFC R-31 Chlorofluoromethane CH2FCl
HFC R-32 Difluoromethane CH2F2
HCC R-40 Chloromethane CH3Cl
HFC R-41 Fluoromethane CH3F
HC R-50 Methane CH4
PCC R-110 Hexachloroethane C2Cl6
CFC R-111 Pentachlorofluoroethane C2FCl5
CFC R-112 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane C2F2Cl4
CFC R-112a 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane C2F2Cl4
CFC R-113 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane C2F3Cl3
CFC R-113a 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane C2F3Cl3
CFC R-114 1,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane C2F4Cl2
CFC R-114a 1,1-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane C2F4Cl2
H R-114B2 Dibromotetrafluoroethane C2F4Br2 or CF2BrCF2Br
CFC R-115 Chloropentafluoroethane C2F5Cl
PFC R-116 Hexafluoroethane C2F6
HCC R-120 Pentachloroethane C2HCl5
HCFC R-121 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1-fluoroethane C2HFCl4
HCFC R-121a 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro-2-fluoroethane C2HFCl4
HCFC R-122 1,1,2-Trichloro-2,2-difluoroethane C2HF2Cl3
HCFC R-122a 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2-difluoroethane C2HF2Cl3
HCFC R-122b 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-difluoroethane C2HF2Cl3
HCFC R-123 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane C2HF3Cl2
HCFC R-123a 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane C2HF3Cl2
HCFC R-123b 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane C2HF3Cl2
HCFC R-124 1-Chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane C2HF4Cl
HCFC R-124a 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane C2HF4Cl
HFC R-125 Pentafluoroethane C2HF5
HFC R-E125 Pentafluorodimethyl ether C2HF5O
HCC R-130 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane C2H2Cl4
HCC R-130a 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane C2H2Cl4
HCFC R-131 1,1,2-Trichloro-2-fluoroethane C2H2FCl3
HCFC R-131a 1,1,2-Trichloro-1-fluoroethane C2H2FCl3
HCFC R-131b 1,1,1-Trichloro-2-fluoroethane C2H2FCl3
TYPE ASHRAE No IUPAC chemical name Molecular formula
HCFC R-132 Dichlorodifluoroethane C2H2F2Cl2
HCFC R-132a 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-difluoroethane C2H2F2Cl2
HCFC R-132b 1,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane C2H2F2Cl2
HCFC R-132c 1,1-Dichloro-1,2-difluoroethane C2H2F2Cl2
H R-132bB2 1,2-Dibromo-1,1-difluoroethane C2H2Br2F2
HCFC R-133 1-Chloro-1,2,2-Trifluoroethane C2H2F3Cl
HCFC R-133a 1-Chloro-2,2,2-Trifluoroethane C2H2F3Cl
HCFC R-133b 1-Chloro-1,1,2-Trifluoroethane C2H2F3Cl
HFC R-134 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane C2H2F4
HFC R-134a 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane C2H2F4
HFC R-E134 Bis(difluoromethyl)ether C2H2F4O
HCC R-140 1,1,2-Trichloroethane C2H3Cl3
HCC R-140a 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (Methyl chloroform) C2H3Cl3 or CH3CCl3
HCFC R-141 1,2-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane C2H3FCl2
H R-141B2 1,2-Dibromo-1-fluoroethane C2H3Br2F
HCFC R-141a 1,1-Dichloro-2-fluoroethane C2H3FCl2
HCFC R-141b 1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane C2H3FCl2
HCFC R-142a 1-Chloro-1,2-difluoroethane C2H3F2Cl
HCFC R-142b 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane C2H3F2Cl
HFC R-143 1,1,2-Trifluoroethane C2H3F3
HFC R-143a 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane C2H3F3
HFC R-143m Methyl trifluoromethyl ether C2H3F3O
HFC R-E143a 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl methyl ether C3H5F3O
HCC R-150 1,2-Dichloroethane C2H4Cl2
HCC R-150a 1,1-Dichloroethane C2H4Cl2
HCFC R-151 1-Chloro-2-fluoroethane C2H4ClF
HCFC R-151a 1-Chloro-1-fluoroethane C2H4ClF
HFC R-152 1,2-Difluoroethane C2H4F2
HFC R-152a 1,1-Difluoroethane C2H4F2
HCC R-160 Chloroethane (ethyl chloride) C2H5Cl
HFC R-161 Fluoroethane C2H5F
HC R-170 Ethane C2H6 or CH3CH3
HC R-E170 Dimethyl ether CH3OCH3
CFC R-211 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptachloro-3-fluoropropane C3FCl7
CFC R-212 Hexachlorodifluoropropane C3F2Cl6
1,1,1,3,3-Pentachloro-2,2,3-
CFC R-213 C3F3Cl5
trifluoropropane
1,2,2,3-Tetrachloro-1,1,3,3-
CFC R-214 C3F4Cl4
tetrafluoropropane
TYPE ASHRAE No IUPAC chemical name
1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,3,3,3- Molecular formula
CFC R-215 C3F5Cl3
pentafluoropropane
CFC R-216 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane C3F6Cl2
CFC R-216ca 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane C3F6Cl2
CFC R-217 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane C3F7Cl
CFC R-217ba 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane C3F7Cl
PFC R-218 Octafluoropropane C3F8
HCFC R-221 1,1,1,2,2,3-Hexachloro-3-fluoropropane C3HFCl6
HCFC R-222 Pentachlorodifluoropropane C3HF2Cl5
HCFC R-222c 1,1,1,3,3-Pentachloro-2,2-difluoropropane C3HF2Cl5
HCFC R-223 Tetrachlorotrifluoropropane C3HF3Cl4
HCFC R-223ca 1,1,3,3-Tetrachloro-1,2,2-trifluoropropane C3HF3Cl4
HCFC R-223cb 1,1,1,3-Tetrachloro-2,2,3-trifluoropropane C3HF3Cl4
HCFC R-224 Trichlorotetrafluoropropane C3HF4Cl3
HCFC R-224ca 1,3,3-Trichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoropropane C3HF4Cl3
HCFC R-224cb 1,1,3-Trichloro-1,2,2,3-tetrafluoropropane C3HF4Cl3
HCFC R-224cc 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropane C3HF4Cl3
HCFC R-225 Dichloropentafluoropropane C3HF5Cl2
HCFC R-225aa 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane C3HF5Cl2
HCFC R-225ba 2,3-Dichloro-1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane C3HF5Cl2
HCFC R-225bb 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane C3HF5Cl2
HCFC R-225ca 3,3-Dichloro-1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane C3HF5Cl2
HCFC R-225cb 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane C3HF5Cl2
HCFC R-225cc 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane C3HF5Cl2
HCFC R-225da 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane C3HF5Cl2
HCFC R-225ea 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane C3HF5Cl2
HCFC R-225eb 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane C3HF5Cl2
HCFC R-226 Chlorohexafluoropropane C3HF6Cl
HCFC R-226ba 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane C3HF6Cl
HCFC R-226ca 3-Chloro-1,1,1,2,2,3-hexafluoropropane C3HF6Cl
HCFC R-226cb 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane C3HF6Cl
HCFC R-226da 2-Chloro-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane C3HF6Cl
HCFC R-226ea 1-Chloro-1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane C3HF6Cl
HFC R-227ca 1,1,2,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane C3HF7
Trifluoromethyl 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl
HFC R-227ca2 C3HF7O
ether
HFC R-227ea 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane C3HF7
Trifluoromethyl 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl
HFC R-227me C3HF7O
ether
TYPE ASHRAE No IUPAC chemical name Molecular formula
HCFC R-231 Pentachlorofluoropropane C3H2FCl5
HCFC R-232 Tetrachlorodifluoropropane C3H2F2Cl4
HCFC R-232ca 1,1,3,3-Tetrachloro-2,2-difluoropropane C3H2F2Cl4
HCFC R-232cb 1,1,1,3-Tetrachloro-2,2-difluoropropane C3H2F2Cl4
HCFC R-233 Trichlorotrifluoropropane C3H2F3Cl3
HCFC R-233ca 1,1,3-Trichloro-2,2,3-trifluoropropane C3H2F3Cl3
HCFC R-233cb 1,1,3-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoropropane C3H2F3Cl3
HCFC R-233cc 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,3-trifluoropropane C3H2F3Cl3
HCFC R-234 Dichlorotetrafluoropropane C3H2F4Cl2
HCFC R-234aa 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H2F4Cl2
HCFC R-234ab 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H2F4Cl2
HCFC R-234ba 1,2-Dichloro-1,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H2F4Cl2
HCFC R-234bb 2,3-Dichloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane C3H2F4Cl2
HCFC R-234bc 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H2F4Cl2
HCFC R-234ca 1,3-Dichloro-1,2,2,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H2F4Cl2
HCFC R-234cb 1,1-Dichloro-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H2F4Cl2
HCFC R-234cc 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoropropane C3H2F4Cl2
HCFC R-234cd 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H2F4Cl2
HCFC R-234da 2,3-Dichloro-1,1,1,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H2F4Cl2
HCFC R-234fa 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H2F4Cl2
HCFC R-234fb 1,1-Dichloro-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H2F4Cl2
HCFC R-235 Chloropentafluoropropane C3H2F5Cl
HCFC R-235ca 1-Chloro-1,2,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane C3H2F5Cl
HCFC R-235cb 3-Chloro-1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane C3H2F5Cl
HCFC R-235cc 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane C3H2F5Cl
HCFC R-235da 2-Chloro-1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane C3H2F5Cl
HCFC R-235fa 1-Chloro-1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane C3H2F5Cl
HFC R-236cb 1,1,1,2,2,3-Hexafluoropropane C3H2F6
HFC R-236ea 1,1,1,2,3,3-Hexafluoropropane C3H2F6
HFC R-236fa 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropane C3H2F6
1,2,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl difluoromethyl
HFC R-236me C3H2F6O
ether
HFC R-FE-36 Hexafluoropropane C3H2F6
HCFC R-241 Tetrachlorofluoropropane C3H3FCl4
HCFC R-242 Trichlorodifluoropropane C3H3F2Cl3
HCFC R-243 Dichlorotrifluoropropane C3H3F3Cl2
HCFC R-243ca 1,3-Dichloro-1,2,2-trifluoropropane C3H3F3Cl2
HCFC R-243cb 1,1-Dichloro-2,2,3-trifluoropropane C3H3F3Cl2
HCFC R-243cc 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2-trifluoropropane C3H3F3Cl2
TYPE ASHRAE No IUPAC chemical name Molecular formula
HCFC R-243da 2,3-Dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane C3H3F3Cl2
HCFC R-243ea 1,3-Dichloro-1,2,3-trifluoropropane C3H3F3Cl2
HCFC R-243ec 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoropropane C3H3F3Cl2
HCFC R-244 Chlorotetrafluoropropane C3H3F4Cl
HCFC R-244ba 2-Chloro-1,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H3F4Cl
HCFC R-244bb 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane C3H3F4Cl
HCFC R-244ca 3-Chloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoropropane C3H3F4Cl
HCFC R-244cb 1-Chloro-1,2,2,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H3F4Cl
HCFC R-244cc 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoropropane C3H3F4Cl
HCFC R-244da 2-Chloro-1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H3F4Cl
HCFC R-244db 2-Chloro-1,1,1,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H3F4Cl
HCFC R-244ea 3-Chloro-1,1,2,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H3F4Cl
HCFC R-244eb 3-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane C3H3F4Cl
HCFC R-244ec 1-Chloro-1,1,2,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H3F4Cl
HCFC R-244fa 3-Chloro-1,1,1,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H3F4Cl
HCFC R-244fb 1-Chloro-1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropane C3H3F4Cl
HFC R-245ca 1,1,2,2,3-Pentafluoropropane C3H3F5
HFC R-245cb Pentafluoropropane C3H3F5
HFC R-245ea 1,1,2,3,3-Pentafluoropropane C3H3F5
HFC R-245eb 1,1,1,2,3-Pentafluoropropane C3H3F5
HFC R-245fa 1,1,1,3,3-Pentafluoropropane C3H3F5
HFC R-245mc Methyl pentafluoroethyl ether C3H3F5O
HFC R-245mf Difluoromethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether C3H3F5O
HFC R-245qc Difluoromethyl 1,1,2-trifluoroethyl ether C3H3F5O
HCFC R-251 Trichlorofluoropropane C3H4FCl3
HCFC R-252 Dichlorodifluoropropane C3H4F2Cl2
HCFC R-252ca 1,3-Dichloro-2,2-difluoropropane C3H4F2Cl2
HCFC R-252cb 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-difluoropropane C3H4F2Cl2
HCFC R-252dc 1,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoropropane C3H4F2Cl2
HCFC R-252ec 1,1-Dichloro-1,2-difluoropropane C3H4F2Cl2
HCFC R-253 Chlorotrifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl
HCFC R-253ba 2-Chloro-1,2,3-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl
HCFC R-253bb 2-Chloro-1,1,2-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl
HCFC R-253ca 1-Chloro-2,2,3-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl
HCFC R-253cb 1-Chloro-1,2,2-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl
HCFC R-253ea 3-Chloro-1,1,2-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl
HCFC R-253eb 1-Chloro-1,2,3-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl
HCFC R-253ec 1-Chloro-1,1,2-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl
TYPE ASHRAE No IUPAC chemical name Molecular formula
HCFC R-253fa 3-Chloro-1,3,3-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl
HCFC R-253fb 3-Chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl
HCFC R-253fc 1-Chloro-1,1,3-trifluoropropane C3H4F3Cl
HFC R-254cb 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoropropane C3H4F4
HFC R-254pc Methyl 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether C3H4F4O
HCFC R-261 Dichlorofluoropropane C3H5FCl2
HCFC R-261ba 1,2-Dichloro-2-fluoropropane C3H5FCl2
HCFC R-262 Chlorodifluoropropane C3H5F2Cl
HCFC R-262ca 1-Chloro-2,2-difluoropropane C3H5F2Cl
HCFC R-262fa 3-Chloro-1,1-difluoropropane C3H5F2Cl
HCFC R-262fb 1-Chloro-1,3-difluoropropane C3H5F2Cl
HFC R-263 Trifluoropropane C3H5F3
HCFC R-271 Chlorofluoropropane C3H6FCl
HCFC R-271b 2-Chloro-2-fluoropropane C3H6FCl
HCFC R-271d 2-Chloro-1-fluoropropane C3H6FCl
HCFC R-271fb 1-Chloro-1-fluoropropane C3H6FCl
HFC R-272 Difluoropropane C3H6F2
HFC R-281 Fluoropropane C3H7F
HC R-290 Propane C3H8 or CH3CH2CH3
CFC R-C316 Dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane C4Cl2F6
CFC R-C317 Chloroheptafluorocyclobutane C4ClF7
Octafluorocyclobutane
PFC R-C318 C4F8 or -(CF2)4-
(Perfluorocyclobutane)
PFC R-3-1-10 Decafluorobutane (Perfluorobutane) C4F10
HFC R-329ccb 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-Nonafluorobutane C4HF9
HFC R-338eea 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,4-Octafluorobutane C4H2F8
HFC R-347ccd 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptafluorobutane C4H3F7
HFC R-347mcc Perfluoropropyl methyl ether C4H3F7O
HFC R-347mmy Perfluoroisopropyl methyl ether C4H3F7O
HFC R-365mfc 1,1,1,3,3-Pentafluorobutane C4H5F5
PFC R-4-1-12 Dodecafluoropentane (Perfluoropentane) C5F12
PFC R-5-1-14 Tetradecafluorohexane (Perfluorohexane) C6F14
R-12/114(50/50 wt%) OR 50% CCl2F2 · 50% C2F4Cl2 OR
CFC R-400
(60/40)(must be specified) 60% CCl2F2 · 40% C2F4Cl2
53±2% CHClF2 · 13+.5,-1.5% C2H4F2 · 34±1
HCFC R-401A R-22/152a/124 (53±2/13+.5,-1.5/34±1)
% C2HF4Cl
61±2% CHClF2 · 11+.5,-1.5% C2H4F2 · 28±1
HCFC R-401B R-22/152a/124 (61±2/11+.5,-1.5/28±1)
% C2HF4Cl
33±2% CHClF2 · 15+.5,-1.5% C2H4F2 · 52±1
HCFC R-401C R-22/152a/124 (33±2/15+.5,-1.5/52±1)
% C2HF4Cl
TYPE ASHRAE No IUPAC chemical name Molecular
60±2% C2HF formula
5 · 2±1% C3H8 · 38±2% CHClF
HCFC R-402A R-125/290/22 (60±2/2±1/38±2)
2

HCFC R-402B R-125/290/22 (38±2/2±1/60±2) 38±2% C2HF5 · 2±1% C3H8 · 60±2% CHClF2
5+.2,-2% C3H8 · 75±2% CHClF2 · 20±0%
HCFC R-403A R-290/22/218 (5+.2,-2/75±2/20±0)
C3F8
5+.2,-2% C3H8 · 56±2% CHClF2 · 39±0%
HCFC R-403B R-290/22/218 (5+.2,-2/56±2/39±0)
C3F8

HFC R-404A R-125/143a/134a (44±2/52±1/4±2) 44±2% C2HF5 · 52±1% C2H3F3 · 4±2% C2H2F
4

R-22/152a/142b/C318 45±0% CHClF2 · 7±1% C2H4F2 · 5.5±1% C2

HCFC R-405A
(45±0/7±1/5.5±1/42.5±2) H3F2Cl · 42.5±2% C4F8
55±2% CHClF2 · 4±1% C4H10 · 41±0% C2H3F
HCFC R-406A R-22/600a/142b (55±2/4±1/41±0)
2Cl

65±2% CHClF2 · 4±1% C4H10 · 31±0% C2H3F

HCFC R-406B R-22/600a/142b (65±2/4±1/31±0)
2Cl

20±2% CH2F2 · 40±2% C2HF5 · 40±2% C2H2

HFC R-407A R-32/125/134a (20±2/40±2/40±2)
F4
10±2% CH2F2 · 70±2% C2HF5 · 20±2% C2H2
HFC R-407B R-32/125/134a (10±2/70±2/20±2)
F4
23±2% CH2F2 · 25±2% C2HF5 · 52±2% C2H2
HFC R-407C R-32/125/134a (23±2/25±2/52±2)
F4
15±2% CH2F2 · 15±2% C2HF5 · 70±2% C2H2
HFC R-407D R-32/125/134a (15±2/15±2/70±2)
F4
25±2% CH2F2 · 15±2% C2HF5 · 60±2% C2H2
HFC R-407E R-32/125/134a (25±2/15±2/60±2)
F4
30±2% CH2F2 · 30±2% C2HF5 · 40±2% C2H2
HFC R-407F R-32/125/134a (30±2/30±2/40±2)
F4
7±2% C2HF5 · 46±1% C2H3F3 · 47±2% CHCl
HCFC R-408A R-125/143a/22 (7±2/46±1/47±2)
F2
60±2% CHClF2 · 25±2% C2HF4Cl · 15±1%
HCFC R-409A R-22/124/142b (60±2/25±2/15±1)
C2H3F2Cl
65±2% CHClF2 · 25±2% C2HF4Cl · 10±1%
HCFC R-409B R-22/124/142b (65±2/25±2/10±1)
C2H3F2Cl
HFC R-410A R-32/125 (50+.5,–1.5/50+1.5,–.5) 50+.5,–1.5% CH2F2 · 50+1.5,–.5% CHF2CF3
HFC R-410B R-32/125 (45±1/55±1) 45±1% CH2F2 · 55±1% CHF2CF3
R-1270/22/152a (1.5+0,–1/87.5+2,– 1.5+0,–1% C3H6 · 87.5+2,–0% CHClF2 · 11+
HCFO R-411A
0/11+0,–1) 0,–1% C2H4F2
3+0,–1% C3H6 · 94+2,–0% CHClF2 · 3+0,–
HCFO R-411B R-1270/22/152a (3+0,–1/94+2,–0/3+0,–1)
1% C2H4F2
R-1270/22/152a (3+0,–1/95.5+2,–0/1.5+0,– 3+0,–1% C3H6 · 95.5+2,–0% CHClF2 · 1.5+0
HCFO R-411C
1) ,–1% C2H4F2
70±2% CHClF2 · 5±2% C3F8 · 25±1% C2H3F2
HCFC R-412A R-22/218/142b (70±2/5±2/25±1)
Cl
HFC R-413A R-218/134a/600a (9±1/88±2/3+0,–1) 9±1% C3F8 · 88±2% C2H2F4 · 3+0,–1% C4H10
TYPE ASHRAE No IUPAC chemical name
R-22/124/600a/142b Molecular
51±2% CHClF formula
2 · 28.5±2% C2HF4Cl · 4±.5%
HCFC R-414A
(51±2/28.5±2/4±.5/16.5+.5,–1) C4H10 · 16.5+.5,–1% C2H3F2Cl
R-22/124/600a/142b 50±2% CHClF2 · 39±2% C2HF4Cl · 1.5±.5%
HCFC R-414B
(50±2/39±2/1.5±.5/9.5+.5,–1) C4H10 · 9.5+.5,–1% C2H3F2Cl
HCFC R-415A R-22/152a (82±1/18±1) 82±1% CHClF2 · 18±1% C2H4F2
HCFC R-415B R-22/152a (25±1/75±1) 25±1% CHClF2 · 75±1% C2H4F2
R-134a/124/600 (59+.5,– 59+.5,-1% C2H2F4 · 39.5+1,–.5% C2HF4Cl · 1
HCFC R-416A
1/39.5+1,–.5/1.5+1,–.2) .5+1,–.2% C4H10
46.6±1.1% C2HF5 · 50±1% C2H2F4 · 3.4+.1,–.
HFC R-417A R-125/134a/600 (46.6±1.1/50±1/3.4+.1,–.4)
4% C4H10
79±1% C2HF5 · 18.3±1% C2H2F4 · 2.7+.1,–.5
HFC R-417B R-125/134a/600 (79±1/18.3±1/2.7+.1,–.5)
% C4H10
1.5±.5% C3H8 · 96±1% CHClF2 · 2.5±.5% C2
HCFC R-418A R-290/22/152a (1.5±.5/96±1/2.5±.5)
H4F2
HFC R-419A R-125/134a/E170 (77±1/19±1/4±1) 77±1% C2HF5 · 19±1% C2H2F4 · 4±1% C2H6O
HCFC R-420A R-134a/142b (88+1,–0/12+0,–1) 88+1,–0% C2H2F4 · 12+0,–1% C2H3F2Cl
HFC R-421A R-125/134a (58±1/42±1) 58±1% C2HF5 · 42±1% C2H2F4
HFC R-421B R-125/134a (85±1/15±1) 85±1% C2HF5 · 15±1% C2H2F4
R-125/134a/600a 85.1±1% C2HF5 · 11.5±1% C2H2F4 · 3.4+.1,–.
HFC R-422A
(85.1±1/11.5±1/3.4+.1,–.4) 4% C4H10
55±1% C2HF5 · 42±1% C2H2F4 · 3+.1,–.5% C
HFC R-422B R-125/134a/600a (55±1/42±1/3+.1,–.5)
4H10

82±1% C2HF5 · 15±1% C2H2F4 · 3+.1,–.5% C

HFC R-422C R-125/134a/600a (82±1/15±1/3+.1,–.5)
4H10

R-125/134a/600a (65.1+.9,– 65.1+.9,–1.1% C2HF5 · 31.5±1% C2H2F4 · 3.4

HFC R-422D
1.1/31.5±1/3.4+.1,–.4) +.1,–.4% C4H10
HFC R-423A R-134a/227ea (52.5±1/47.5±1) 52.5±1% C2H2F4 · 47.5±1% C3HF7
R-125/134a/600a/600/601a 50.5±1% C2HF5 · 47±1% C2H2F4 · 1.9+.3,–.1
HFC R-424A
(50.5±1/47±1/.9+.1,–.2/1+.1,+.2/.6+.1,–.2) % C4H10 · .6+.1,–.2% C5H12
18.5±.5% CH2F2 · 69.5±.5% C2H2F4 · 12±.5%
HFC R-425A R-32/134a/227ea (18.5±.5/69.5±.5/12±.5)
C3HF7
R-125/134a/600/601a 5.1±1% C2HF5 · 93±1% C2H2F4 · 1.3+.1,–.2%
HFC R-426A
(5.1±1/93±1/1.3+.1,–.2/.6+.1,–.2) C4H10 · .6+.1,–.2% C5H12
R-32/125/143a/134a 15±2% CH2F2 · 25±2% C2HF5 · 10±2% C2H3
HFC R-427A
(15±2/25±2/10±2/50±2) F3 · 50±2% C2H2F4
R-125/143a/290/600a 77.5±1% C2HF5 · 20±1% C2H3F3 · .6+.1,–.2%
HFC R-428A
(77.5±1/20±1/.6+.1,–.2/1.9+.1,–.2) C3H8 · 1.9+.1,–.2% C4H10

HFC R-429A R-E170/152a/600a (60±1/10±1/30±1) 60±1% C2H6O · 10±1% C2H4F2 · 30±1% C4H1
0

HFC R-430A R-152a/600a (76±1/24±1) 76±1% C2H4F2 · 24±1% C4H10

HFC R-431A R-290/152a (71±1/29±1) 71±1% C3H8 · 29±1% C2H4F2
HO R-432A R-1270/E170 (80±1/20±1) 80±1% C3H6 · 20±1% C2H6O
HO R-433A R-1270/290 (30±1/70±1) 30±1% C3H6 · 70±1% C3H8
TYPE ASHRAE No IUPAC chemical name Molecular formula
HO R-433B R-1270/290 (5±1/95±1) 5±1% C3H6 · 95±1% C3H8
HO R-433C R-1270/290 (25±1/75±1) 25±1% C3H6 · 75±1% C3H8
R-125/143a/134a/600a 63.2±1% C2HF5 · 18±1% C2H3F3 · 16±1% C2
HFC R-434A
(63.2±1/18±1/16±1/2.8+.1,–.2) H2F4 · 2.8+.1,–.2% C4H10
HFC R-435A R-E170/152a (80±1/20±1) 80±1% C2H6O · 20±1% C2H4F2
HC R-436A R-290/600a (56±1/44±1) 56±1% C3H8 · 44±1% C4H10
HC R-436B R-290/600a (52±1/48±1) 52±1% C3H8 · 48±1% C4H10

R-125/134a/600/601 (19.5+.5,– 19.5+.5,–1.8% C2HF5 · 78.5+1.5,–.7%

HFC R-437A C2H2F4 · 1.4+.1,–.2% C4H10 · .6+.1,–.2% C5H1
1.8/78.5+1.5,–.7/1.4+.1,–.2/.6+.1,–.2)
2

8.5+.5,-1.5% CH2F2 · 45±1.5% C2HF5 · 44.2±

R-32/125/134a/600/601a (8.5+.5,-
HFC R-438A 1.5% C2H2F4 · 1.7+.1,-.2% C4H10 · .6+.1,-.2%
1.5/45±1.5/44.2±1.5/1.7+.1,-.2/.6+.1,-.2)
C5H12
HFC R-439A R-32/125/600a (50±1/47±1/3±.5) 50±1% CH2F2 · 47±1% C2HF5 · 3±.5% C4H10
.6±.1% C3H8 · 1.6±.6% C2H2F4 · 97.8±.5% C2
HFC R-440A R-290/134a/152a (.6±.1/1.6±.6/97.8±.5)
H4F2
R-170/290/600a/600 3.1±.3% C2H6 · 54.8±2% C3H8 · 42.1±2.6%
HC R-441A
(3.1±.3/54.8±2/6±.6/36.1±2) C4H10
26% CH2F2 ·
26% C2HF5 ·
HFC / R-32/125/134a/1234ze/1234yf
R-448A 21% C2H2F4 ·
HFO (26%/26%/21%/7%/20%)
7% C3H2F4 ·
20% C3H2F4
24.3% CH2F2 ·
R-32/R-125/134a/1234yf 24.7% C2HF5 ·
HFO R-449A
(24.3%/24.7%/25.7%/25.3%) 25.7% C2H2F4 ·
25.3% C3H2F4
67.0% CH2F2 ·
R-32/R-125/1234yf
HFO R-452B 7.0% C2HF5 ·
(67.0%/7.0%/26.0%)
26.0% C3H2F4
20.0% CH2F2 ·
20.0% C2HF5 ·
R-32/125/134a/227ea/600/601a 53.8% C2H2F4 ·
HFC R-453A
(20%/20%/53.8%/5%/0.6%/0.6%) 5.0% C3HF7 ·
0.6% C4H10 ·
0.6% C5H12
35.0% CH2F2 ·
HFO R-454A R-32/1234yf (35.0%/65.0%)
65.0% C3H2F4
68.9% CH2F2 ·
HFO R-454B R-32/1234yf (68.9%/31.1%)
31.1% C3H2F4
21.5% CH2F2 ·
HFO R-454C R-32/1234yf (21.5%/78.5%)
78.5% C3H2F4
21.5% CH2F2 ·
HFO R-455A R-32/1234yf/744 (75.5%/21.5%/3%) 75.5% C3H2F4 ·
3% CO2
HFO R-456A R-32/134a/1234ze(E) (6.0%/45.0%/49.0%) 6.0% CH2F2 ·
TYPE ASHRAE No IUPAC chemical name Molecular formula
45.0% C2H2F4 ·
49.0% C3H2F4
18.0% CH2F2 ·
R-32/152a/1234yf
HFO R-457A 12.0% C2H4F2 ·
(18.0%/12.0%/70.0%)
70.0% C3H2F4
20.5% CH2F2 ·
4.0% C2HF5 ·
R-32/125/134a/227ea/236fa
HFC R-458A 61.4% C2H3F3 ·
(20.5%/4.0%/61.4%/13.5%/0.6%)
13.5% C3HF7 ·
0.6% C3H2F6
68.0% CH2F2 ·
R-32/1234yf(E)/1234ze(E)
HFO R-459A 26.0% C3H2F4 ·
(68.0%/26.0%/6.0%)
6.0% C3H2F4
HCFC R-500 R-12/152a (73.8/26.2) 73.8% CCl2F2 · 26.2% C2H4F2
HCFC R-501 R-22/12 (75/25) 75% CHClF2 · 25% CCl2F2
HCFC R-502 R-22/115 (48.8/51.2) 48.8% CHClF2 · 51.2% C2F5Cl
HCFC R-503 R-23/13 (40.1/59.9) 40.1% CHF3 · 59.9% CClF3
HCFC R-504 R-32/115 (48.2/51.8) 48.2% CH2F2 · 51.8% C2F5Cl
HCFC R-505 R-12/31 (78/22) 78% CCl2F2 · 22% CH2FCl
HCFC R-506 R-31/114 (55.1/44.9) 55.1% CH2FCl · 44.9% C2F4Cl2
HFC R-507[A] R-125/143a (50/50) 50% C2HF5 · 50% C2H3F3
HFC R-508[A] R-23/116 (39/61) 39% CHF3 · 61% C2F6
HFC R-508B R-23/116 (46/54) 46% CHF3 · 54% C2F6
HCFC R-509[A] R-22/218 (44/56) 44% CHClF2 · 56% C3F8
HC R-510[A] R-E170/600a (88±.5/12±.5) 88±.5% C2H6O · 12±.5% C4H10
HC R-511[A] R-290/E170 (95±1/5±1) 95±1% C3H8 · 5±1% C2H6O
HFO R-513A R-1234yf/134a (56%/44%) 56% C3H2F4 · 44% C2H2F2
R-1336mzz-Z/trans-1,2-Dichloroethene(t-
HFO R-514A 74.7% C4H2F6 · 25.3% C2H2CL2
DCE)(74.7%/25.3%)
HFO R-515B R-1234ze/227ea
HC R-600 Butane C4H10 or CH3CH2CH2CH3
HC R-600a Isobutane C4H10 or CH(CH3)2CH3
HC R-601 Pentane C5H12 or CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
HC R-601a Isopentane C5H12 or (CH3)2CHCH2CH3
HC R-610 Ethoxyethane (Diethyl ether) CH3CH2OCH2CH3
HC R-611 Methyl formate HCOOCH3
HC-12a Propane/Trimethylenemethane 40–70% C3H8 · 30–60% C4H6 (by volume)
HC-22a Propylhydride C3H10O? 98% by volume
C3H10O? 60–100% · (CH3)2O 3-7% (by
HC-502a Propylhydride/dimethyl ether
volume)
DR−14A
SP34E R-134a (98.5%) C2H2F4 (98.5%)
TYPE ASHRAE No IUPAC chemical name Molecular formula
R-630 Methylamine CH3NH2
R-631 Ethylamine CH3CH2(NH2)
R-702 Hydrogen H2
R-704 Helium He
R-717 Ammonia NH3
R-718 Water/Steam H2O
R-720 Neon Ne
R-728 Nitrogen N2
R-729 Air N2/O2/Ar (78.082/20.945/.934 vol%) 78.082% N2 · 20.945% O2 · .934% Ar
R-732 Oxygen O2
R-740 Argon Ar
R-744 Carbon dioxide CO2
R-744A Nitrous oxide N2O
R-764 Sulfur dioxide SO2
R-784 Krypton Kr
CFO R-1112a 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-difluoroethylene C2Cl2F2
CFO R-1113 Chlorotrifluoroethylene C2ClF3
PFO R-1114 Tetrafluoroethylene C2F4
HCO R-1120 Trichloroethylene (trielene) C2HCl3
HCO R-1130 cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene C2H2Cl2
HFO R-1132a 1,1-Difluoroethylene C2H2F2
HCO R-1140 Chloroethylene (vinyl chloride) C2H3Cl
HFO R-1141 Fluoroethylene (vinyl fluoride) C2H3F
HO R-1150 Ethene (Ethylene) CH2=CH2
PFO R-1216 Hexafluoropropylene C3F6
PFO R-1218 Hexafluoropropene trimer (C3F6)3
HCFO R-1224yd (Z)-2,3,3,3,-Tetrafluoro-1-Chloropropene (Z)-CF3-CF=CHCl
HCFO R-1233zd 1-Chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene C3H2ClF3
HFO R-1234yf 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene C3H2F4
HFO R-1234ze 1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene C3H2F4
HO R-1270 Propene (Propylene) C3H6 or CH3CH=CH2
HFO-1336mzz-
HFO trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene C4H2F6
E
HFO-1336mzz-
HFO Z (R1336mzz-Z) cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene CF3CH=CHCF3(Z)
(DR-2)
T
y ASHRAE Molecular
IUPAC chemical name
p number formula
e
 Type and flammability
Legends

Types / Prefixes Safety Classification of Refrigerants

Type Meaning Atoms in the Molecule Flammability in Air @
ASHRAE 34 Safety group
CFC Chlorofluorocarbon 60 °C & 101.3 kPa
Cl, F, C Higher Flammability
CFO Chlorofluoroolefin
LFL or ETFL60 = 100 A3 B3
Hydrochlorofluorocarbo g/m3 OR HOC = 19 MJ/kg
HCFC
n H, Cl, F, C
Lower Flammability
HCFO Hydrochlorofluoroolefin LFL or ETFL60 > 100 g/m3 & A2 B2
HFC Hydrofluorocarbon HOC < 19 MJ/kg
H, F, C
HFO Hydrofluoroolefin Lower Flammability
HCC Hydrochlorocarbon LFL or ETFL60 > 100 g/m3 &
H, Cl, C HOC < 19 MJ/kg A2L B2L
HCO Hydrochloroolefin with a maximum burning
HC Hydrocarbon velocity of = 10 cm/s
H, C
HO Hydroolefin (Alkene) No flame Propagation A1 B1
PFC Perfluorocarbon Lower Higher
F, C Flammability in Air @ Toxicity Toxicity
PFO Perfluoroolefin
60 °C & 101.3 kPa OEL OEL
PCC Perchlorocarbon ≥ 400 ppm < 400 ppm
Cl, C
PCO Perchloroolefin LFL = Lower Flammability Limit
Br, Cl (in some but not all), ETFL60 = Elevated Temperature Flame Limit @ 60 °C
H Halon/Haloalkane
F, H (in some but not all), C HOC = Heat Of Combustion
Compounds used as refrigerants may be described using either the appropriate prefix above or with the prefixes "R-" or
"Refrigerant." Thus, CFC-12 may also be written as R-12 or Refrigerant 12.
An alkene, olefin, or olefine is an unsaturated compound containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
Educated Estimates
1. Some CFCs are assumed to be similar in terms of Semi-Empirical ODP being one.
2. Some HCFCs are assumed to be similar in terms of Semi-Empirical ODP.
3. Some HCFCs are assumed to be similar in terms of Atmospheric Lifetime & net GWP over a 100-year time horizon.
4. All HFCs, HFOs, PFCs & PFOs are assumed to be similar in terms of Semi-Empirical ODP being zero.
5. Most hydrocarbons are assumed to be similar to Methane in terms of Atmospheric Lifetime being 12 ± 3 years & Semi-Empirical
ODP being < 0(smog chemistry).
6. Pentane, Isopentane & Ethoxyethane (Diethyl ether) is assumed to have a net GWP over 100-yr to be 4 ± 2.
7. Air, nitrogen, oxygen & the noble gases are assumed to have an unlimited Atmospheric Lifetime, a Semi-Empirical ODP of zero
(except oxygen being slightly less than zero) & net GWP over 100-yr to be zero (except air being the sum of its parts).

What is Freon Gas?

The Freon gas is a colourless, odourless, noninflammable, noncorrosive gas of low toxicity
introduced as refrigerants in the 1930s. They also proved helpful as propellants for aerosols and
in numerous technical applications. Freon (trademark) comprises several simple fluorinated
aliphatic organic compounds utilized for commercial and industrial purposes. Apart from fluorine
and carbon, Freons often include hydrogen, bromine, or chlorine. As such, Freons are
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and related compounds.

The Freons in chemistry have meagre boiling points, low surface tension, and low viscosity,
making them quite valuable refrigerants. They are incredibly stable and inert substances. The
Freons do not pose a fire hazard and don't give off a detectable odour while circulating through
refrigerators and air conditioners. Dichlorodifluoridemethane (Freon 12), trichlorofluoromethane
(Freon 11), chlorodifluoromethane (Freon 22), dichlorotetrafluoroethane (Freon 114), and
trichlorotrifluoroethane (Freon 113) are the crucial members of the family.

The History of Freons

Frederic Swarts synthesized the first CFCs during the 1890s. By the late 1920s, a research team
was curated by Charles Franklin Kettering in General Motors to substitute dangerous refrigerants
like ammonia. Thomas Midgley, Jr, headed the group. In 1928, the team enhanced the synthesis
of CFCs and demonstrated their utility, stability and non-toxicity. Kettering patented a
refrigerating apparatus to use the gas; he issued it to Frigidaire, a wholly-owned subsidiary of
General Motors. In 1930, General Motors and Du Pont formed Kinetic Chemicals to produce
Freon. Their product was dichlorodifluoromethane and called “Freon-12”, "R-12", or "CFC-12". The
number after the R is a refrigerant class number developed by DuPont to identify single
halogenated hydrocarbons and other refrigerants besides halocarbons systematically.

Most CFCs' uses are now banned or severely restricted by the Montreal Protocol of August 1987,
as they are responsible for ozone depletion. Brands of Freon containing hydrofluorocarbons
(HFCs) instead have replaced many uses, but they, too, are under strict control under the Kyoto
Protocol, as they are deemed "super-greenhouse effect" gases.

Freon Formula
Du Pont introduced a naming system for CFCs as per the fluorine, hydrogen, and carbon atoms.
The number that is farthest from the right is the number of fluorines. The second number from
the right is the number of hydrogen plus one. Lastly, the third digit from the right is the number
of carbons minus one. Thus, CHClF₂ is Freon 22, CCl ₂F₂ is Freon 12, and likewise.

You have to specify which Freon formula you are asking for. CFCl ₃, CF ₂Cl ₂ - these all are Freons.

You can understand the chemical formula of Freons by using the following method.
Freon (no. of carbons-1) (no. of hydrogen+1) (no. of fluorine)

For example:-CFCl₃ Freon 11

Here, the number of carbon =1 and 1–1=0, so there is no requirement to put the number of
hydrogen, zero and 0+1=1 number of fluorine=1.
Freon Gas Structure
Freons are insoluble in water, and their general chemical inertness is phenomenal. They stay
stable in hot concentrated mineral acids and are unaffected by molten sodium. Thus, the Freon
gas structure results from the solid C-F bonds that become shorter as the fluorine atom of
carbon ratio increases. Hence, the C-F bond length is 1.29 angstroms CH ₃F, 1.358 angstroms in
CF₂, and so forth.

In the stratosphere, Freons die out when exposed to ultraviolet light.

CCl₂F₂ (g) + uv rays —---> CF₂Cl(g) + Cl(g) and the chlorine atoms destroy the ozone layer.
There are over 300 “Freon gases”. Some are CFCs, some are HCFCs, and many have no chlorine in
them.

So “Freon” is a brand name and means nothing else. The correct term is “Refrigerant”, which can
include nitrogen, propane, alcohol, and a whole plethora of other gasses.

Uses of Freons
On account of their low boiling points and low viscosity, the uses of Freons are innumerable. The
primary refrigerant uses include -

 Refrigerators
 Air-conditioning systems

Other uses of Freons are -

 Aerosol propellants
 Foam-blowing agents
 Solvents
 Glass chillers
 Polymer intermediates

Freons also have applications in the following areas -

 Fire extinguishers
 Anaesthetics

Besides, Freons have been used as inhalants by many teenagers and young adults. Inhalants are
everyday legal substances which when inhaled intensely, give a high. People may inhale
refrigerant gases, paint thinners, sprays, or gasoline to get a kick.

But the use of Freons has been banned in most countries due to the potential environmental and
health effects of ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect.
Conclusion

Nowadays, Freons are banned by an international agreement, and everyone is looking for
substitutes. The United States banned CFC production in 1977, and that ban continues. Non-
ozone layer depleting alternatives of the compounds are hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and
hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) such as CH₂FCF₃ (HFC 134a) and CHCl ₂CF ₃ (HCFC 123). In 1987,
the Montreal Protocol asserted for decreasing CFCs, and a 1992 amendment to the treaty ended
the production of CFC. By 1993, the emissions of CFC declined dramatically.

A total of 148 nations are now signatory to the Montreal Protocol, which calls for HCFCs to be
slowly removed by 2020 and alternated with HFCs, containing no chlorine and a short lifetime.
The illegal market of CFCs is of such proportion that ‘Scientific American’ has reported that the
illegal trade of CFC is one of the biggest dangers to the ozone layer recovery.