Unit conversion

***leave 15 squares downwards as a blank for a diagram ****

a) Convert 23.5 GJ to J

b) Convert 95 THz to Hz

c) Convert 5 Mg to Kg

d) Convert 59 μA to A

e) Convert 395 mg to kg

f) Convert 5 ng to kg

g) Convert 395 pF to F

h) Convert 5 cm to m.
Displacement

• Displacement is a vector quantity

• Displacement has a magnitude and a direction
• Displacement is the distance travelled in a given direction

Ex 1 :

Average Speed

Average speed is how fast an object had travelled during the whole journey.

Actual speed of the object will be sometimes greater and sometimes lesser than the
Average speed.

Link between average speed distance travelled and time taken is,

If average speed = v

Distance moved = s
Time taken = t

Unit of average speed = m/s when distance is measured in “m” and time is measured in
“s”

We can write the equation as,

𝑠
𝑣=
𝑡
If we want the time to be found the equation is
𝑠
𝑡=
𝑣
If we want the distance to be found the equation is

𝑠= 𝑣𝑡

(Note: All above letters in the equations are simple)

Ex 1:
 Experiment: Determining the average speed of a moving object

• measure 100 meters using a measuring tape

• mark start and the end
• when the object passes the starting point student at the starting point should
give a signal
• student at the end should start the stopwatch when he sees the signal
• and stop the stopwatch when the object passes the end point
• stopwatch measures the time taken for object to travel 100 meters
• Use the equation
𝑠
𝑣=
𝑡
• To calculate the average speed
• To improve the accuracy Measure the time using 3 stopwatches and calculate
the average time
• Avoid zero error by resetting the stopwatch to zero

Average velocity

Average velocity is how fast an object had travelled during the whole journey in a given
direction.

Link between average velocity displacement travelled and time taken is,
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
If average velocity = v

Displacement made = s

Time taken = t

Unit of average velocity = m/s when displacement is measured in “m” and time is measured
in “s”

We can write the equation as,

𝑠
𝑣=
𝑡
If we want the time to be found the equation is
 𝑠
𝑡=
𝑣
If we want the displacement to be found the equation is

𝑠= 𝑣𝑡

(Note: All above letters in the equations are simple)

Ex 1:

He took 10 minutes to travel. Calculate the average velocity in m/s

𝑣−𝑢
𝑎=
𝑡
Other forms of the above equation are

To find the final velocity v = u + at

To find the initial velocity 𝑢 = 𝑣 − 𝑎𝑡

 𝑣−𝑢
To find the time 𝑡 =
𝑎
• Measure the length of interrupter card using the meter rule
• Datalogger connected to the Lightgate measures the time taken for interrupter card to
pass through it
• Use the equation
𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
To calculate the speed of trolley.

Experiment: determining the acceleration of a moving trolley

• Measure the length of interrupter card using the meter rule

• Release the trolley from rest so initial speed = 0 m/s

• Datalogger connected to the Lightgate measures the time taken for interrupter card to
pass through it.

• Use the equation,

𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
To calculate the final speed (v) of trolley when passing through the light gate.
• Measure “t” the time for th trolley to reach light gate from start using a stopwatch
• Calculate the acceleration using
𝑣−𝑢
𝑎=
𝑡
To calculate the acceleration