Class X

Resource material
Chemistry
Ch - Chemical reactions and equations(Redox reactions)
Ch - Acids,bases and salts
(1mark questions)
Q1The following reaction is an example of a:

4NH3 (g) + 5O2 (g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)

(i) Decomposition reaction

(ii) combination reaction

(iii) redox reaction

(iv) neutralisation reaction

(a) (i)

(b) (ii) and (iii)

(c) (iii)

(d) (iii) and (iv)

Soln: (c) (iii)

Q2 Which of the following statements about the given reaction are correct?
3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) → Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
I)Iron metal is getting oxidised
II)Water is getting reduced
III)Water is acting as a reducing agent
IV)Water is acting as an oxidising agent
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)

(b) (iii) and (iv)

(c) (i), (ii) and (iv)

(d) (ii) and (iv)

Soln: (c)

Q3 What happens when a solution of an acid is mixed with a solution of a base in a test
tube?

(i) The temperature of the solution increases

(ii) The temperature of the solution decreases
(iii) The temperature of the solution remains the same
(iv) Salt formation takes place

(a) (i) only

(b) (i) and (iii)

(c) (ii) and (iii)

(d) (i) and (iv)

Soln: (d) (i) and (iv)

Q4 Which of the following gives the correct increasing order of acidic strength
a)Water < Acetic acid < Hydrochloric acid
b)Water < Hydrochloric acid< Acetic acid
c)Acetic acid< Water < Hydrochloric acid
d)Hydrochloric acid< Water<Acetic acid
Soln: a) Water < Acetic acid < Hydrochloric acid

For Q5 to 7,use following code:

A) Both Assertion and reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for
assertion.
B) Both Assertion and reason are correct and Reason isn't the right explanation for
assertion.
C) Assertion is correct but Reason is inaccurate.
D) Both Assertion and reason are incorrect.

Q5 Assertion: Oil and fat containing food items are flushed with nitrogen.
Reason: Nitrogen gas prevents the food from getting oxidised.
Soln. a
Q6 Assertion (A) : The acid must always be added to water with constant stirring.
Reason (R) : Mixing of an acid with water is an endothermic process
Soln.C
Q7 Assertion (A) : The aqueous solutions of glucose and alcohol do not show acidic
character.
Reason (R) : Aqueous solutions of glucose and alcohol do not give H+ ions.
Soln: a

(2marks questions )

Q8 A student collected common names and formulae of some substances but he forgot to
note which formula is for which compound. Help him to match the correct formula.
Answer:
(i) Caustic soda → NaOH
(ii) Slaked lime → Ca(OH)2
(iii) Baking soda → NaHCO3
(iv) Lime → CaO

Q9 With the help of an example explain what happens when a base reacts with a non-
metallic oxide. What do you infer about the nature of non-metal oxide?
Answer: Oxides of non-metals react with bases to form salt and water. For example, in the
reaction between carbon dioxide and calcium hydroxide: Calcium hydroxide, which is a
base, reacts with carbon dioxide to produce salt and water.

Hence, oxides of non-metals are acidic in nature

Q10 2 mL of sodium hydroxide solution is added to a few pieces of granulated zinc metal
taken in a test tube. When the contents are warmed, a gas evolves which is bubbled through
a soap solution before testing. Write the equation of the chemical reaction involved and the
test to detect the gas. Name the gas which will be evolved when the same metal reacts with
a dilute solution of a strong acid.

Answer:
It is observed that active metals like zinc react with strong bases like NaOH, KOH etc. to
liberate hydrogen gas and corresponding salt.

The evolution of gas is confirmed by the bubble formation in soap solution.

Test to detect H2 gas: When burning matchstick is kept on the mouth of this test tube, pop
sound is heard which confirms the presence of H2 gas.
When Zn metal reacts with dilute solution of strong acid, H2 gas is evolved.

Q11What is rancidity. How can we prevent rancidity?

Answer
The oxidation of oils or fats in a food resulting into bad smell and bad taste is called
rancidity.It can be prevented by-
i )adding anti-oxidants.
ii )Vacuum packing

(3markers)
Q12)To. a solution of sodium hydroxide in a test tube, two drops of phenolphthalein are
added.
(i) State the colour change observed.
(ii) If dil HCl is added dropwise to the solution, what will be the colour change?
(iii) On adding few drops of NaOH solution to the above mixture the colour of the solution
reappears. Why?
Answer
I) On adding phenolphthalein to NaOH solution, the colour becomes pink.
(ii) On adding dilute HCl solution dropwise to the same test tube, the pink colour disappears
and the solution again becomes colourless.
(iii) On again adding NaOH to the above mixture, pink colour reappears because the
medium becomes basic again.

Q13)Complete and balance the following chemical equations :

(i) NaOH(aq) + Zn(s) →
(ii) CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) →
(iii) HCl(aq) + H2O(l) →

Answer:
(i) 2NaOH(aq) + Zn(s) → Na2ZnO2(aq) + H2(g)
(ii) CaCO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(l )→ Ca(HCO3)2(aq)
(iii) HCl(aq) + H2O(l)-------H3O+ + Cl–(aq)

Q14)How will the following substances dissociate to produce ions in their solutions?
(i) Hydrochloric acid
(ii) Nitric acid
(iii) Sulphuric acid
(iv) Sodium hydroxide
(v) Potassium hydroxide
(vi) Magnesium hydroxide

Answer:
Dissociation of various substances to produce ions in their solutions are :
(i) Hydrochloric acid (HCl):
HCl(aq)------H+(aq) + Cl–(aq)

(ii) Nitric acid (HNO3)

HNO3(aq)------H+aq + NO3 -

(iii) Sulphuric acid (H2SO4):

H2SO4(aq)-------- 2H+(aq) + SO4 2-(aq)
(iv) Sodium hydroxide (NaOH):
NaOH(aq)—----- Na+(aq) + OH–(aq)

(v) Potassium hydroxide (KOH) :

KOH(aq)------- K+(aq) + OH–(aq)

(vi) Magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] :

Mg(OH)2(aq) —----Mg2+(aq) + 2OH– (aq)

Q15(a) Three acidic solutions A, B and C have pH = 0, 3 and 5 respectively.

(i) Which solution has highest concentration of H+ ions?
(ii) Which solution has the lowest concentration of H+ ions?
(b) How concentrated sulphuric acid can be diluted? Describe the process.
Answer:
(a) (i) The solution having lower pH will has more hydrogen ion concentration. Hence,
solution ‘A’ will have highest H+ ion concentration.
(ii) Solution' C’ i.e., pH = 5 has the lowest concentration of H+ ions.

(b) Mixing of an acid with water is called dilution. This process is highly exothermic and
therefore, acid is always added to the water not water to acid. The process for diluting
concentrated sulphuric acid is :
(i) Take about 10 mL of water in a beaker.
(ii) Add concentrated sulphuric acid dropwise to water and swirl the beaker slowly.

Q16)What are strong and weak acids? In the following list of acids, separate strong acids
from weak acids. Hydrochloric acid, citric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, formic acid, sulphuric
acid.
Answer
Acids that get completely ionised in an aqueous solution are called strong acids, whereas
acids that get partially ionised in an aqueous solution are called weak acids.

Hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and sulphuric acid are examples of strong acids, while citric
acid, acetic acid, and formic acid are examples of weak acids.
Q17)1 g of copper powder was taken in a China dish and heated. What change takes place
on heating? When hydrogen gas is passed over this heated substance, a visible change is
seen in it. Give the chemical equations of reactions, the name and the colour of the products
formed in each case.
Answer
When copper powder is heated in a China dish, the reddish brown surface of copper powder
becomes coated with a black substance which is copper oxide.

When hydrogen gas is passed over CuO, the black coating on the surface turned reddish
brown due to the formation of Cu.
Q18)Mention with reason the colour changes observed when:
(i) silver chloride is exposed to sunlight.
(ii) copper powder is strongly heated in the presence of oxygen.
(iii) a piece of zinc is dropped in copper sulphate solution.
Answer
I) When white silver chloride is left exposed to sunlight, its colour changes to grey as it
decomposes to silver in the presence of sunlight.

This type of reaction is called photodecomposition reaction.

(ii) When copper powder is strongly heated in presence of oxygen, the reddish brown
surface of copper powder becomes coated with a black substance which is copper oxide.

(iii) When a piece of zinc is dropped in copper sulphate solution, then the blue colour of
copper sulphate fades gradually due to the formation ofcolourless zinc sulphate solution and
reddish brown copper metal gets deposited on zinc granules.

Case study (4 marks)

Q19 Corrosion is the phenomenon of deterioration of surface of metal in presence of air and
moisture. It is a natural process and in the presence of a moist atmosphere, chemically
active metals get corroded.Rusting is the process where iron corrodes due to exposure to
the atmosphere(air, moisture) . Rusting is a serious problem because it weakens the
structure of bridges automobile parts etc .Every year a large amount of money is spent to
replace rusted iron and steel structures .The reason is that readdish brown crust of rust
does not stick to the surface .It peels of exposing fresh surface for rusting.Corrosion of iron
is a continuous process which ultimately eats up the whole iron object.Copper (Cu) corrodes
and forms a basic green carbonate.

A) What is rusting?
Answer: The deterioration of the surface of iron in presence of air and moisture is called
rusting.
(B) State the formula of basic Copper Carbonate
Answer CuCO3.Cu(OH)2

(C ) Write the chemical name of the compound formed on corrosion of silver.

Specify the colour of coating that develops on copper articles after corrosion.
Answer
Answer: Silver sulphide, Ag2S
Green
Or
C)list two methods to prevent rusting of iron articles
I) painting
II)galvanisation

(5 markers)
Q20i) Draw a labelled diagram to show the preparation of hydrogen chloride gas in
laboratory.
(ii) Test the gas evolved first with dry and then with wet litmus paper. In which of the two
cases, does the litmus paper show change in colour?
(iii) State the reason of exhibiting acidic character by dry HCl gas/HCl solution.

Answer

Ii) There is no change in the colour of ‘dry’ blue litmus paper but ‘moist’ blue litmus paper
turns red if brought near the mouth of the test tube.
This shows that HCl gas does not show acidic behaviour in absence of water but it shows
acidic behaviour in presence of water.

(iii) When HCl gas dissolves in water, forms hydrochloric acid solution i.e., HCl(aq) which
then produces H+(aq) or H3O+(aq) ions.
HCl + H2O → H3O+ + Cl–
Due to the presence of H+ or H3O+ it shows acidic behaviour.
Q21a) Write the chemical name and formula of marble.
(b) It has been found that marbles of Taj are getting corroded due to development of
industrial areas around it. Explain this fact giving a chemical equation.
(c) (i) What happens when CO2 is passed through lime water?
(ii) What happens when CO2 is passed in excess through lime?
Answer:
(a) The chemical formula of marble (lime stone) is CaCO3. Its chemical name is calcium
carbonate.
(b) Taj Mahal, one of the seven wonders of the world situated at Agra, is continuously losing
its luster day by day due to rapid industrialisation which causes acid rain.
The sulphuric acid present in the acid rain causes the marble (CaCO3) to be washed off as
calcium sulphate (CaSO4), leading to the deterioration of such a splendid piece of
architecture.
CaCO3(s) + H2SO4(aq) → CaSO4(aq) + H2O(l )+ CO2(g)
C)

Q,22
I)Match the acids given in Column (A) with their correct source given in Column (B)

What happens when nitric acid is added to the eggshells?

II)Eggshells contain calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate reacts with nitric acid to form
calcium nitrate and carbon dioxide gas.

Q,23)Identify the compound X based on the reactions given below. Also, write the name and
chemical formulae of A, B and C.

Answer
Here, X is sodium hydroxide (NaOH), A is sodium zincate (Na2ZnO2), B is sodium chloride
(NaCl), and C is sodium acetate (CH3COONa).

NaOH + Zn → Na2ZnO2 + H2
NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
NaOH + CH3COOH → CH3COONa + H2O

Q24)In the following schematic diagram for the preparation of hydrogen gas as shown in
Figure ,what would happen if following changes are made?

(a ) In place of zinc granules, the same amount of zinc dust is taken in the test tube
(b ) Instead of dilute sulphuric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid is taken
(c ) In place of zinc, copper turnings are taken
(d ) Sodium hydroxide is taken in place of dilute sulphuric acid and the tube is heated.
Answer:
(a) If the same amount of zinc dust is taken in the test tube in the place of zinc granules, the
reaction rate will increase, and the reaction will occur more quickly. This is because the
surface area per unit volume of powder is more than that of the zinc granules, and hence the
powder will provide more surface area for the reaction to occur.
Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2

(b) If we use dilute hydrochloric acid instead of dilute sulphuric acid, the reaction will occur
as usual because we are mixing a strong acid with metal.
Zn + 2 HCl → ZnCl2 + H2

(c) With copper turnings, hydrogen gas will not evolve because copper is less reactive, so it
does not react with dil.H2SO4 of dil. HCl. Hence, no reaction will take place.

(d) If sodium hydroxide is taken in place of dilute sulphuric acid and the tube is heated, the
metal will react with the base to form the corresponding salt and evolve hydrogen gas.
Zn + 2 NaOH → Na2ZnO2 + H2

Q25 a) Illustrate an activity to investigate whether all compounds containing hydrogen are
acidic.
(b) What happens when hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide are dissolved in water.
Explain
Answer:
(a) Take two beakers, one containing HCl acid and other containing alcohol which is not an
acid but contains hydrogen. Now, fix two iron nails on a rubber cork and insert in a beaker
and connect the nail to the two terminal of 6V battery through a switch and a bulb. Pour
some dilute HCl solution in beaker and switch on the current. The bulb starts glowing. This
shows that acids get dissociated as H+ and Cl– ions and these ions are responsible for
conducting electricity.
Let us now take alcohol solution in the beaker and switch on the current. The bulb does not
glow in this case. This shows that alcohol does not conduct electricity.

So, all acids have hydrogen but all hydrogen containing compounds are not acid.

(b) HCl dissociates in aqueous solution to give hydrogen ions (or hydronium ions) and
chloride ions

NaOH when dissolved in water produces sodium ions and hydroxide ions in the solution.