Activity3

Topic
Sets

Objective
To represent set theoretic operations by using Venn diagram.

Pre-requisite Knowledge
(a) Definition of sets.
(b) Concept of subsets, union, intersection etc.
sets.
(c) Operation on

(d) Venn diagram.

Material Required
Drawing sheet, coloured pens, fevicol, geometry box etc.

Demonstration and Observation

(a) On drawing sheet draw few rectangles to represent the universal set U.
Representation of A u B

A B U
B

Au B AuB
When A and B have common elements. When A and B have no common elements.

(6) Draw A and B in circular shapes to represent different conditions.

Representation of AnB
A B B

AnB AnB ¢
When A and B have few common elements. No element is common between A and B.

Here A' denotes the complement of A and B' denotes the complement of B.

U U
A B

Activities/13
 UB), complement of A
n B i.e. (A O B
Complement of AuBi.e.(A
d
B

-(A By (An By

B) and (B -

A), (A - B), (B -

A).
(c)Representation
of (A -

U B
U
B-
A B
(A B)Y (B-AY

AcB

U
Topic
Activity4
Scts

Objective
given sets A, B and C that is
To verify distributive law for three non-empty
A B C ) = (A u B)n (A u C)

Pre-requisite Knowledge
(a) Concept of different types of venn diagrams.

(b) Different types of operations used in sets.

Material Required
White drawing sheets, coloured pens or pencils, fevicol. geometry box etc.

Demonstration
(a) Draw rectangles on white drawing sheets.
(b) Draw three circles A, B, C in each rectangle intersecting each other, as shown in Fig. 4.1.
(c) Colour the shaded portion to represent different operations in different sets see Fig. 4.1
(d) U represents the universal set.
U |U
B

i) (Bn C) () Au (Bn C)
U

(4i) (A C) (iv) (A u B) (v) (Au B) n (Au C)

Fig. 4.1

Observation
From Fig. 4.1(i) and Fig. 4.1(v), it is verified that
A (BnC) (A B) (A u C)
=

Result
Thus the distributive law of is
over ri
verified.

16
16
7egethes wek Mathematics Lab Manual-11
 Activity 8
Topic Functions.
Values
of Trigonometric

Objective their given values in first quadrant.

T find the values of sine and cosine functions in second, third and fourth quadrants using
Pre-Requisite Knowledge
(al Concept of quadrant system and coordinate system.

(b) Mirror images in Cartesian system.

(c) Value of sin cossin cos sincos,

4
sin, cosin I quadrant.

Material Required
Cardboard, white paper, geometry box, fevicol, wires, nails.

Demonstration

(a) Take acardboard of 20 cm x 20 cm and paste a white sheet on it.

(b) Draw four circles on white paper of unit radius with centre O.

Anticlockwise
YA direction
B(0, 1)

90° \A(1, 0)
P
30
C(-1, 0) C

D(0,-1)
YY
Fig. 8.1 ( Fig.8.1 (in
YA

45 60
X

Fig. 8.1 (iv)

Fig.8.1 (in)
Fig. 8.1

Activities/27
 two perpendicular lines XOX
(c) Using centre of the circles, draw and Y'OY
respectively as shown in Fig. 8.1. representing x-axis and y-axis
c Takea wire or thread of unit radius. FIx it at the centre oI Circle and
other end of it free to
move ala.
(e) The coordinate (x, y) is represented as (cos 6, sin 0) on the circle.

Observation
In Fig. 8.1 (), x-axis and y-axis cuts the circle at
A, B, C, D.
(a)
(6) The thread is placed on x-axis as OA, where coordinate of A is (1, 0) = (cos 0", sin 0
Now. move thread in anticlockwise direction making angle 180' which meet at C this is
of
mirror imana A.
coordinate of C will be (-1, 0) (cos 180, sin 180)
c In Fig, 8.1 (i), place the thread on OB with coordinate (0, 1) > B(cos 90°, sin 90°) (Making 90 with
Now, move thread in anticlockw.. direction making angle 180° with OB, reach at D. OA)
D is mirror image of B. . coordinate of D(0, -1) » D(cos 270°, sin 270°)
(d) In Fig. 8.1 (ii), place the thread OP making an angle of 30° with OA (x-axis)

coordinate of P(cos 30, sin 30") = P 5

Now, move the OP in anticlockwise direction and reached to II quadrants at P'.
Angle P'OA = 150° = 180° - 30°

P' is the mirror image of P with respect to y-axis.

Coordinate of P- P'(cos 150°, sin 150°).

(e) Further move the thread in anticlockwise direction reached in Ill quadrant at O.
Now, ZAO0 = 180° +30° = 210. (in IlI quadrant)
Q is mirror image of P with respect to origin.

Coordinate of Q is Q(cos 210°, sin 210)

thread in anticlockwise direction reached in IV quadrant at Q'.

Further move the
Now, ZAOQ' = 360° 30° = 330°

of P with respect to x-axis. . Coordinate of Q' Q(cos 330°, sin 330)

Q is mirror image
find the values of sin 120°, cos 120°, sin 135°, cos 135°,
(g) Similarly,
. . .

we can

Observation Table
Draw a Table for 30°
IV
Quadrants
330
Angles 30° 150° 210

Coordinates (cos 0, sin e)

(w.r.t. x-axis)
Mirror Image of P P(w.r.t. y-axis) Q (w.r.t. origin)

28 7ogether with" Mathematics Lab Manual-11

 Tables for 45° (in Fig. 8.1 iii))

Quadrants II III IV

Angles 45 135 225 315

M' N N'
Mirror Image of M
(w.r.t. y-axis) (w.r.t. origin) | (w.r.t. x-axis)
Coordinates
sin 8)
(cos 0,

Table for 60° (in Fig. 8.1 (iv))

Quadrants I I Ill IV

Angles 60° 120 240 300°

C' E E'
Mirror Image of C
(W.r.t.y-axís) (w.r.t. origin) | (w.r.t. x-axis)
Coordinates
(cos 0, sin 0) (
esult
y this activity values of T-ratios can be found out easily.
 Activity10
Topic
Comparison of sine
curves.

Objective
coordinate axes.
To plot the graphs of sin x, sin 2x, 2sin x and sin , using same

Pre-requisite Knowledge
table.
(a) Values of sine function from log
(b) Range, domain, a complete cycle

Material Required with white sheet.

eraser, coloured pencils, cardboard pasted
Graph paper, log table, ruler,

Demonstration
the board pasted with white paper.
(a) Paste a graph paper neatly on

the graph paper named as x-axis and y-axis

(b) Draw two perpendicular lines on

2.0 2 sin X

1.75

1.50
1.25+
1:0- sin2
0.75
sin
0.50
0.25
2Tt
X S 11/ 13 7s 5r
12 12 6 34

sin 2X
1.0
Y

Fig. 10.1

sin 2x, using log table,

for differen
sin sin Y = 2sin x, y =

functions, y
=

(c) Draw a table of four =

x, y
values ofx.

Lab Manual-11
34 agether with Mathematics
 Angles 0°
12 12 12 180
T.Ratios 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165°
Sin 0.26 0.50 0.71 0.86 0.97 1.00 0.97 0.86 0.71 0.50 0.26 0

sin o 0.13 0.26 0.38 0.50 0.61 0.71 0.79 0.86 0.92 0.97 0.99 1.00

2sin x 0 0.52 1.00 1.42 1.72 1.94 2.00 1.94 1.72 1.42 1.00 0.52 0

sin 2 0 0.50 0.86 1.00 0.86 0.50 0o -0.5-0.86 -1.0-0.860.50 0

(d) Graduate the axes according to the table in which x-axis is representing angles and y-axis is representing the
values of sine function.
(e) Plot all four curves one by one, join their coordinates by free hand curve. Use different pencil colours for
different curves. (as shown in Fig. 10.1)

Observation
(a) Compare the curve of sinx and 2 sin x
) The maximum height of sin x is 1.
The maximum height of 2 sin x is 2 i.e. twice of sin x
(i) The distance on the x-axis in [0, r} is same.
(iü') In 10, r] half of complete cycle is there.

(b) Compare the curve of sin 2x, sin x, sin

) The maximum height of three curves is same i.e. 1
(') For six x in [0, 2) complete cycle is 1.
For sin 2x in [0, 27] complete cycle is 2.

For sin in [0, 2] complete cycle is

Result
(a) The maximum value of sin x, sin sin 2 is 1. i.e. vertical height is same.

(b) Height of 2sin x is twice height of sin x, but horizontal distance is same in [0, T].

(c)Number of cycles depends upon angles of sin x, sin 2x, sin , in [0, 2n

APPLICATION

Comparison graph can be used for other trigonometrie ratios e.g. cos x, cos, cos 2x, 2cos x

FILL IN THE BLANKS

) The maximum value and minimum value of sin 6 is and respectively.
Sol. 1,-1
(i) All the values of 2sin x is of sin x.
Sol. double
(ii) There is complete cycle of sin x and sin 2r in [0, 2].
Sol. 1

Activities35
 Activity 13
Topic
Solution of Linear Inequalities.
Graphical
Objective
0, c<0
of a given inequality
Toverify that graph of say 3x + 2y> 12 of the form ax + by + c> 0, where a, b >

the two half planes.

represents only
one

Pre-requisite Knowledge
(a) Concept of inequalities and inequation.

(b) Graph of linear equation in two variables.

(c) Solution set of linear inequation.

Material Required
graph paper, coloured pens, pencil, scale.
Thick chart paper, a

Demonstration
and paste graph on it.
(a) Take chart paper of size 20 cm x 15 cm a paper

(b) This graph paper is cartesian plane.

and YOY' respectively.
which are x-axis and y-axis named as XOX'
(c) Draw two mutually perpendicular lines
vertical line) (Fig. 13.1).
x-axis is horizontal line and y-axis is as an equation, 3r + 2y 12.
as 3x + 2y> 12. Considerthis
(d) Take a linear inequation,ax + by + c>0 such
+ 2y = 12 by joining the points P(4, 0)
and Q(0, 6) on the graph paper
(e) Draw the line represented by 3x
(in Fig. 13.1) (use coloured pen). II (as shown in Fig. 13.1).
two halves named as plane I and plane
This line divides the cartesian plane into

ao, 6)
60/0,6)

N(1, 4.5)

M(2, 3) OB (5, 3)

OA (4, 2)
2F
(0, 2)

(6, 1)

O1 3
P4.0
3x +2y 12

(2, 2)

Fig. 13.2
Fig. 13.1
A, B, C, D, E, F,Q (as in Fig. 13.2).
Mark them as
8) Take 3 or 4 points in each of half plane.

Activities/43
Observation
Given inequation is 3x + 2y > 12.
(a) Take all the marked points one by one and check the truthness of inequality on these points,

(b) Points in half plane I Coordinates Substitution of points in the given inequation
3x + 2y > 12
True/False
A (4, 2) 16> 12 True
B (5, 3) 21> 12 True
C (6, 1) 20 12 True

(c) Points in half plane II Coordinates Substitution of points in the given inequation True/False
D (2,-2) 2> 12 False
E (2, 0) 6> 12 False
O (0, 0) 0> 12 False
F (0, 2) 4> 12 False

(d) Take two points on the line M(2, 3) and N(1, 4.5).
(e) M(2, 3) and N(1, 4.5) do not satisfy inequation.
From the two tables, we have observed that points in half plane 1 satisfy the given inequation but in hali
plane satisfy the given inequation.
II do not
The graph of the inequation 3r + 2> 12is the I half of plane which do not contain (0.0). So, shade the Ihalf pBane.

Dacult