Std.VIll Physics hay 4 - Matter 023. Q'1. Define the term matter. What is ‘Ans: Anything which ocetenoy att composed of ich Occup : Particles called molesnae oS SP8°e and has mass is called matter. Mater 02. Slate three properties of molecules ofa matter, Ans: They are very small in size. They have spaces between them. “They are in constant motion and they possess kinetic ‘energy. spacing between the molecules of matte is calea ‘Spaces are less in solids more in liquids and. Q.4. What is meant by the inter-molecular forces of attraction? gases? Ans: “The forces of attraction between the molecules force of attraction.” This inter molecular force is maximum in Q6. Discuss the three states of matter: model. Ans: Solids: The intermolecular lesser force of intermolecular attraction. The that in the solids. Thus, they do not have a d the vessel in which they are contained but have a definite vol temperature. Here the molecules are far apart from each other i.e. Gases: Foe |e nc att me attraction. The molecules as are not bound by any strong force, and thus gases do not have a definite shape and also do not have volume. change of state? Dn Tre pasae of cargo toners ste (or) anober sine (orn) lee) aetna rejection of heat at a constant temperature is called the Change of State. Q8. Differentiate between melting point and boiling point, giving one example of each. : Melting point: The temperature at which a solid starts changing into liquid without further een temperature is called melting point.”Example: ice (sofi Baling point: ren at O°C into water (iquid) when heated rat ava kes ture. Example: Boling synth 2 Haul starts changing in vapour without further rise in are: Bolling point of water (liquid) is 100°C. . Describe the Ans: "the cham Peco of Condensation and sublimation with examples. Example: Wee on Cooling at fixed temperature to liquid is called condensation.” a waler vapours at 100°C are cooled they change into water (liquid). process of The lane eenange of {Sal rectly ito vapours on heating i called sublimation. Substances onan senate Sue a voir cect who gogo te lak sat, Ar change o Racieae the eee ‘melting and Melting point. ; Inge from the sold state to the liquid state on heating at a fixed temperature is called The temperatu easemberatre at which the sok change io ut whut thar crass intemperate i caled 12. Explain the terms vaporization and boting point. Ans: Change of ful to vapours (Gas) on heating at constant temperatures csiled vaportzation. Whar we Hs. Bul. tomnpersiure sere feng tears chonding ito vapours wn han =e oe a ie piles eS at supplied is used Je every molecule of liquid into vapours and temperature does not rise til th whole ofiqud is changed ito vapours. era pi “The temperature at which a liquid starts chang rs tte “pk Sealine inging into vapours or gas at constant temperature is Q 13. A liquid can change into vapour state: Name the processes involved in two cases. (i) ata fixed temperature and, (i) at all temperatures ‘Ans: (i) Vaporization (i) Evaporation. Q 46. State (a) the melting point of ice, and (b) the boiling point of water. ‘Ans: Melting point of ice is 0°C. Boiling point of water is 100°C. Q 17. What is evaporation? ‘Ans: The change of state of aliquid to vapour at all temperatures from the surface of liquid is called evaporation. G18. State three factors which affect the rate of evaporation of a liquid. ‘Ans: Three factors which affect the rate of evaporation of a liquid: (i) Area of exposed surface. (i) Temperature of liquid. (il) Nature of the liquid. (iv) Presence of humidity. Q19. Wet clothes dry more quickly on a warm dry day than on a cold humid day. Explain. Ans: Rate of evaporation is directly proportional to temperature. Thus, the rate of evaporation is higher on warm day i.e. hot day than cold day having low temperature and clothes dry soon on warm day. 20. Water in a dish evaporates faster than in a bottle. Give reason. ‘Ans: Rate of evaporation is more when the area of exposed surface is more. As the area exposed ina dish is more, evaporation is also more, 21. Why are volatile liquids such as alcohol and spirit stored in tightly closed bottles? Ans: Rate of evaporation depends on the nature of liquid i.e. more volatile liquids like alcohol and spirit ‘evaporate easily, hence these are stored in ightly closed bottles to avoid their ‘evaporation. 23. Why is cooling produced on evaporation of a liquid? dre For evaporation ofa liquid, it requires heat. This heat is taken from the surroundings ike Body oF palm or fore-head or finger and its temperature falls and we feel cool. 24. Explain with an example to demonstrate that when a liquid evaporates, i takes heat from its surroundings. $ ror same epi s poured on cotton wrapped around the bul of a thermometer, the readng 1 Ne a cantar ll. Tvs shows that cooling is produced when a iquid evaporates taking heat Form‘ Surroundings, 225. Give two api Chime een teen "We Sprinkle Water 3 Gane 2224 nd producers "24 inthe summer. evening, water evaporates by taking heat toaster taking a bath in summer we, We eh SutToundings and it becomes pleacant, é ‘come out of erature ofthe body falls and we a relreahes a" evaporates taking heat from our Q 28. Expy Q29. Why does the size of na ‘Ans: When naphthalene balls ses. iphthalene balls decrease when left open? their size decrea: are left open, due to sublimation they change to vapours and bata question: Draw the complete cycle of change of state. 1S: On heating a solid changes to liquid and liquid on heating changes Sovapous. Cooling vapours condense to liquid, liquids on cooling freeze to solids. Some Solids on heating change to vapours. On rejection of heat vapours solidity. This cycle can be ‘shown by diagram, Ploase Note: Reading the text and understanding the activities is very important. You are expected to differentiate between solids, liquide and gases. The change ot ‘state concept and terms should be clear. These are Q As from the pe experiment in detail is not generally asked in the exam, but what a Proves should be understood. Diagram based Qs can be asked from the activities.