Heavy Mechanic

Fuel Injection Pump

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 Objective: To recognize basic concepts of fuel injection pump.

Content:
What is Fuel Injection Pump?
What is the Function of Fuel Injection Pump?
Types of Fuel Injection Pump:
• Inline Fuel Injection Pump
• Distributor Fuel Injection Pump

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 Did you know that…

In the early 1890s, Herbert Akroyd

Stuart developed an indirect fuel
injection system using a 'jerk pump' to
meter out fuel oil at high pressure to
an injector. This system was adapted
and improved by Bosch and Clessie
Cummins for use on diesel engines.

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 What is Fuel Injection Pump?

A device used in the diesel engine

to pump the fuel to the injectors

within a specified duration.

They are driven with the help of a

crankshaft or by the camshaft.

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 What is the function of Fuel Injection Pump?

1.High pressure fuel pumping

The main function of the fuel injection
pump is to draw fuel from a fuel tank
and pumps it at high pressure to all the
injectors. In an electronic fuel injection
system, the fuel injection pump is used
only for pressurizing the fuel line.

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 2. Metering of the fuel
FIP helps to control the amount of fuel to be
supplied to the injector.
3. Distribution of fuel
FIP distributes the fuel to all the injectors at
the exact time.
In inline fuel injection, the separate plunger
and fuel barrel for each engine cylinder are
used to supply fuel to all the injectors.
In the distribution pump, the rotor helps to
distribute fuel to all the cylinders.

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 4. Cooling of fuel injectors
The fuel injectors are directly
subjected to the combustion process,
thus the fuel injectors are subjected to
a higher temperature. By pumping the
low-temperature fuel into the injector,
the fuel injection pump helps for the
cooling of the fuel injectors.

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 Types of Fuel Injection Pump:

1. Inline Fuel Injection Pump

It uses a plunger and fuel barrel
to pump the fuel. The pump
uses the number of plungers
equal to the number of fuel
injectors and all are arranged in
the same line.

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 2. Distributor Fuel Injection Pump
The distributor type pump uses a
single pumping mechanism and uses
a rotary distributor to distribute fuel to
the multiple injectors.

3. Continuous fuel injection pump

It is used in an electronic fuel injection
system, where the ECU (electronic
control unit) controls the fuel injection.

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 Signs of a failing injector pump

1. Engine splutters
Sputtering noise can be noticed while
accelerating the vehicle or at a higher
engine speed.
2. Whining noise
It may arise due to the faulty fuel injection
pump or it may cause due to the insufficient
amount of fuel in the tank, thus it becomes
difficult for the pump to suck the fuel.

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 3. Lack of power when a vehicle is loaded
Happens when the vehicle is in loaded
condition but the fuel pump is not able to
provide a sufficient amount of the fuel for
the combustion.
4. Difficult to start
It becomes difficult to start the engine as
the fuel pump is not pressurizing the fuel
line. In some cases, the engine gets
started, and then it again stalls.

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 5. Smoky exhaust and less fuel
economy
One reason is that the fuel
pump is supplying excessive
fuel to the injectors. Thus due
to the improper combustion of
the fuel, smoky exhaust gases
are observed at the tailpipe or
the fuel economy gets lowered.

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 Quiz
1. ____ developed an indirect fuel injection system.
a. Isaac Newton b. Akroyd Stuart c. Nicolaus Copernicus d. Herman Fottinger
2. In the distribution pump, the ____ helps to distribute fuel to all the cylinders.
a. Plunger b. Injector c. Rotor d. Camshaft
3. The distributor type pump uses a ____ pumping mechanism to distribute fuel to the injectors.
a. Multiple b. Single c. Triple d. Double
4. It becomes difficult to start the engine, as the fuel pump is not pressurizing the ____ line.
a. Fuel b. GLP c. GNV d. Gasoline
5. The indirect fuel injection system developed by Akroyd Stuart was improved by ____ and
Cummins for use on diesel engines.
a. Socrates b. Van Gogh c. Bacon d. Bosch

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 Quiz
1. ____ developed an indirect fuel injection system.
a. Isaac Newton b. Akroyd Stuart c. Nicolaus Copernicus d. Herman Fottinger
2. In the distribution pump, the ____ helps to distribute fuel to all the cylinders.
a. Plunger b. Injector c. Rotor d. Camshaft
3. The distributor type pump uses a ____ pumping mechanism to distribute fuel to the injectors.
a. Multiple b. Single c. Triple d. Double
4. It becomes difficult to start the engine, as the fuel pump is not pressurizing the ____ line.
a. Fuel b. GLP c. GNV d. Gasoline
5. The indirect fuel injection system developed by Akroyd Stuart was improved by ____ and
Cummins for use on diesel engines.
a. Socrates b. Van Gogh c. Bacon d. Bosch

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 Conclusions
Remember that the fuel injection pump is the heart of the fuel injection
system in the diesel engine and therefore plays a vital role in the proper
combustion of the engine.
Also remember that the fuel injection pump pumps and distributes fuel to all
injectors at high pressure and controls the amount of fuel to be delivered.
And if the injection pump is defective, it will present the following signs:
1. Engine sputtering noise
2. Squealing noise near fuel tank
3. Difficulty starting the engine
4. Smoking exhaust

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