UNIT II - Chapter 7

The Mole Concept

Exercise 7.1

Answer the following questions.

1. Calculate the relative atomic mass of oxygen and lithium from the following data.

Isotope Relative abundance (%)

lithium - 6 7.4

lithium - 7 92.6

oxygen - 16 99.76

oxygen - 17 0.04

oxygen - 18 0.20

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2. Uranium has three isotopes with the following percent abundance:

U - 234 is 0.0058%

U - 235 is 0.71%

U - 238 is 99.23%

What do you expect the atomic mass of uranium to be in whole number? Why?

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3. Calculate the relative molecular/formula masses of the following compounds:

a. propane, C³H⁸
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b. silver carbonate, Ag²CO³

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c. sucrose, C¹²H²²0¹¹

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d. sodium sulfate decahydrate, Na²SO⁴ • 10H²0

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Exercise 7.2

Give the number of moles for each element present in one mole of the following
compounds.

1. glucose, C⁶H¹²0⁶

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2. aspirin, C⁹H⁸0⁴

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3. an antacid, A1(OH)³
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4. a fertilizer, NH⁴NO³

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5. an explosive, C³H⁵(NO³)³

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Exercise 7.3

Find the molar mass of the following:

1. H³PO⁴

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2. C¹²H²²O¹¹

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3. MgC1²

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4. CuSO⁴ • 5H²O
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5. A1(OH)³

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Exercise 7.4

Answer the following.

1. Calculate the mass of

a. 0.5 mole of bromine atoms

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b. 0.5

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2. Find the number of moles in each of the following substances.

a. 10 0 x 10²³ atoms of Ag

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b. 8.0 x 10²³ molecules or CO²

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c. 5.0 x 10²⁴ formula units of NaC1

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3. Calculate the mass in grams of 0.5 moles of each of the following compounds:

a. table, salt, NaC1

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b. table sugar, C¹²H²²0¹¹

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4. Calculate the number of moles in 200g of each of the compounds in item no.3

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5. How many moles of water are there in a cake containing 10²⁴ molecules of water?

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6. How many oxygen atoms are there in 3.0 moles of carbon dioxide, CO²?

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7. How many grams will 3.01 x 10²⁴ molecules of H²SO⁴ weigh?

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Exercise 7.5

Answer the following thoroughly.

1. Sulfuric acid, H²SO³, is a common catalyst in several industrial processes. Calculate

the percentage composition by mass of its components.
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2. Phosporic acid, H³PO⁴, is a component of detergents. Find the percent composition

of its components.

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3. Calculate the percentage of water in copper sulfate crystals (CuSO⁴ • 5H²0)

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Exercise 7.6

Answer the following thoroughly.

1. A car company advertises a new car that converts fuel with a percent conversion of
110%. Comment on this claim.

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2. Which pair of molecules has the same empirical formula?

a. C²H⁴O², C⁶H¹²O⁶

b. Na²CO³, Na²C²O⁴

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3. What is an empirical formula? Which of the following molecular formulas are also
empirical formulas? Encircle them.

a. ammonium dichromate, (NH⁴)²Cr²O⁷

b. benzene, C⁶H⁶

c. sucrose, C¹²H²²O¹¹

d. aspirin, C⁹H⁸O⁴

4. Indigo, the dye used to color blue jeans, uses sodium amide. Sodium amide is
composed of 58.9% Na, 35.9% N, and 5.17% H. What is the empirical formula of the
compound?

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5. Nepthalene, a common insect repellent, has a molecular weight of 130g. Analysis

shows that it contains 93.275% C and 6.25% H. What is the empirical and molecular
formula?

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Exercise 7.7

Answer the questions below.

1. How do you determine the molar mass of an element and a compound?

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2. How do scientists count the number of atoms, molecules, or formula units in a

substance?

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3. What is the mass of a substance converted to moles and to number of particles, and
vice versa?

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4. How do you calculate the percentage composition of a compound?

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5. How do you calculate the empirical and molecular formulas of compounds?

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Exercise 7.8

Multiple choice. Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer. Use the
period table from the book to obtain the atomic masses of the elements.

1. Which of the following is equal to a mole of water (H²O)?

a. one molecule of H²O

b. 6.02 x 10²³ molecules of H²O

c. 6.02 x 10²³ g of H²O

d. 6.02 g of H²O

2. 23/11X and 19/9Y are two elements that react completely to form a compound Z.
What is the formula mass of Z?

a. 20

b. 30

c. 32

d. 42

3. How many moles of O atoms are there in one mole of A1²(SO⁴)³?

a. 3

b. 4

c. 8

d. 12

4. How many O atoms are in one mole of NO²?

a. 2

b. 1.204 x 10²³

c. 6.02 x 10²3

d. 1.204 x 10²⁴
5. How many moles of Ca atoms are there in 0.40 g of an element?

a. 0.01

b. 0.10

c. 1.6

d. 16

6. Which of the following samples does not contain 10 moles of the substance?

a. 10 g of hydrogen gas, H²

b. 40 g of helium gas, He

c. 400 g of calcium, Ca

d. 440 g of carbon dioxide, CO²

7. Which of the following contains the greatest number of atoms?

a. 1 mol of S⁸ atoms

b. 2 mol of P⁴ atoms

c. 8 mol of H atoms

d. all contain the same number of atoms

8. Which is the equivalent to 14.0 g of nitrogen (14/7N)?

a. 14.0 atoms

b. 14.0 x 6.02 x 10²³ N atoms

c. 1 mole of N

d. 14.0 x 6.02 x 10²³N² molecules

9. Which of the following has the greatest percentage by weight of carbon?

a. CO

b. CO²

c. CH⁴

d. CO³

10. Which is the correct equation for the percent by weight of P in Ca³(PO⁴)²?
a. % P = 31/87 x 100

b. % P = 31/310 x 100

c. % P = 62/310 x 100

d. % P = 62/214 x 100