No.

Page No
EXPERIMENT:
Date

Chemical Reactions of Aldehydes cetones

I.Nucleophi lic Addition Reactionsi MedanI
NuatGkk NU
the top fzce
Slow

b
step2 OH
b
Tetrahedal
Iatamediel Additi Ds Produck

G.RI
why Gre aldehydes rcoctrc ton (cetones
MOe

is ethanal more resctire

Adilon eacttons than p pan Dne
towardsnuclenlic
Anst de to steice elecroe reasos
steically the prprtsna f 2 lape aubotituanto in o
etones hinde the abrarch nucleopile to
Caubon than in ald.ald. han
heing only L such subottuent
inteasity the
-ve chape develophs Oygen. This dezbilizey
the T.S,

Benzal dekyde n nu. cdd. reac.

thonpOpaxl
is less electrophilic then cretoa
The polarílz of cthony! pis raced in
due to ryonan ce

Nundarem
Teacher's Sign.:
 2.

the comp unda in

foll owing Caxbor
Arroge
increaring ordea t thher reac tiuly nudeophlie
Addiion reacons

(u HO

(w

Benzel dekye p- Tollaldehyde p-Ntobenzaldekyde Acetophnone

As Te steie crowdinqa ao wel a eletron-donunq

indutive etect dteeeses in 6ol(oiA vden

H/

Azetophenone, beng ketone is least reetie due

(19 3 Ald.
to ele tronic d stenc reas ons, d reming
orde

+lelket -Iefet
Be0zoldekyde -M eket
p- Touldehyde
p-Nitoben zaldehyde
Aceto phein one <p-Toluei.l dekyde < Benzeldohde
kp.Nitrehenzdl
dehyde.
 Page No 3
No.
EXPERIMENT: Date

Tnpotan b nudepphilie Addilubn reactient

HO
homno/hCACH
cyanchydrin
exampleb oy
ph a o
Cody

Acetadokyd Aotal[ehyda cyanoydrin

Lacticacd
Ocot H
C

Acetone cyanahy drin

2)
bi

C=otNaHs +Necl ts
Acetaldebyden tieya
NaOH
(P c
Acetone Nabipuhile

asundaram)
Teacher's Sign. :
 4.
3) Adtion u G.R: studied in Ale. phenold ethe
No, 323 NcELT
to reMenbe
Thing
duy ethen
Fosmaldehyde t R-Mgx Alcoho)

Acetaldehde t eMax 2 Alcshol

(Ehanal)
Acetne 3alcshol

Mcle)
ethonal ethan|

(Alkoryaletel Acetzjdelydedity
Kcetal
(oy nel protonetes the O-ctog is called Hemiacatei)
eletpliuy e) Cgem-didlkon)
Gcetal
cetone reacto with dihydrie alcch oa to

HO-U d nci
reeoibe.. Acetes
are rereoble
Above ttoreac honsare ketal are
hydydby dil hcl to genenat. the oigihet aldehyde teketons
Ht
C=o t 244goH
Aateikeyèe diettyl acetel Acatal dekyde
 Page No 5
No.
EXPERIMENT: Date

Additon anmonCa l ita desvatyrl

H1
AmMoia
Ad/ Keto desvatves Deivetves

Deivatives z Reegent Ncme Paodu ek namne

H |ANMonica NH LMine

-R Amine C=NR

ydonglerine N-oH Oxime

ydezine
pheny
Phenylkazine hydazone
2,4-Dinitrophen
hydeine 2iQiaitraphnylayánazonL
7. SemicabazidaNNH- -Ny
Senicawbazone

|Reacten dith hydoxylaminei

pH3-s
-amine Shanel XÍme

e 1m
asundaram) Teacher's Sign.:
 2. Reecton wth hydzine;
Ht

Hyduzine Ethenel hy dhazone

Ht

Paopanone hydazone
3. Reacten cwith phaoghydezine:
pH3
Phe ny lhydezine honel phenyhydezine

Paopanone phenythydhazine
4. Reectaon wrth 2, u-
4- dinrtrophenyhy drzine (Bredy's Reaponty
Ht
ph 3
tyo
Similely cit
csith lcetone Gthonel 2-dinitropheyl
5. Reacion coth Semi canbezidei
-Aydazine
Ht

Ethonclseii caubazone
ht
c=o t MwH cONM, 3
ph3 NHeOy t o
Papanone seml canb az0 oe
 Page No+
No.
EXPERIMENT: Date

Reduction

RCHO

2° Alcshol
Reductin of conbonyl to tom hy do canbonsi.
a) lembnensen reducon
R- CHo t 4 (u]

cycoen + 4c
Nof- Kishner edu ction;
RH=NNH
hydezne 4s3.4k

tycot 4S3-473K prpone

undaram Teacher's Sign. :

 Reacton due to ol- hygen
) Aldal condensaton; Ald 2 keto having ct least
lNao4
2 4-cHO But-2-eocl
Ethanal OH
3-Hydonybu anal (Ado cendenssuon
CAldo) Pasu t)

(i0 cetol condeno cton

Baco
2C4 co-cy cy-e-ey o-iyy-b=ch-co-c
1
Paopanone 4-Methpet--en-2
/ketol)
4-hydoy-4-Mthg
pentane -2-one

(uy Caosr aldl condensation:

2. A

2-Methyl but-e-enel Pent-2- enal

293K
3-Dipheng'prop- 2-en-I-one
CBen 2elacetophenone)
 Other reactions:
Connizzaro eacio, Aldehyde cohi h do not ha
2n
an k hydugen ctom, undego self ondetos d
reducton Ldiopro portionat on) reecuon on heatng t
Conc. akeC.

ok
Methane) Potzssi
Cormeldehyde fm
How to wni in ex to remese

2HCho koy on t Heook

othen example,
Ocoa
Benlalustol sod bentoate
Seetrophilic Substution reecon; Catonyl qyp aca aola
deactung L modirecting qp in be electrphilic auomate sut
reactionf f aomete ald. d ket.
eno
nNoglysQ,
223- 2$gK
Comyula kollouing
soH
M-senzal dehyde suphonicacid
coY Aahy cocy Cho
Fech

m- Bromocethenoe
M
CAleobenzekolyd
 -Tageter wi
hemical reactns of canb ylic aid :
1.). Fomation aahydide:

Conc

Ethanoic onhydnde
cycoojn; fpidine,
cyco
Acetie onhydide
ycojc1i
ycoowa yco
Acatc cahydnde
2. Gsterifeation;
RCoOR'

3Cycoan
Soy is prefemed becoue the other two poduels
CsO, and HCI) are gae and eSape He ree t on
making the punfiataon praduck easier
 -Tagetker wick
4. Reecon th ammonia

&mm. ccetz Acotmde

+

Amu.enzoz
Benzamide

[olcon
Phthalic co& Ph thelCmi de
S, Redetion
(iA ethe
Cnçoon
G. Decaboxylation1- Uging Soda- ime Neot Cao)
3:4

Sod, acetele Methone

t
c
gem. di casayeaud
Malonic cud
Propane-, 3-dioic cid undepo decansaylaton
Siy
heetg
 |2

7. Hell- Volherd- Zelinsky reetan;. thelgenáti

R--cooH
(x-c, B)
CIcycoan.Rude C; cH coOn(Beklooctete
RedP
add
ChecoOH
Thehlasetc cu
Br, RedP
Br,RedP CoOh
BroMopropoceit K-di brma
Pepionie aid - propionie ud
coon
B. Ring Subotit tron t HB r

3Nitbenzie
Nitteaon
t no
3-Shobenzojc cad
gra is electon -ewithduis, thersefe
ie is meta- dite ang Catby'ic aeido, hoere do not

deecttng ( Cetzlyst AlG Clewip acd)

Gets bende t the