CSTC COLLEGE OF SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION, INC.

CSTC College Bldg. Gen. Luna St. Maharlika Hi-way, Pob. 3, Arellano Sub. Sariaya Province of
Quezon R4A
Registrar’s Office: 042 3290850 / 042 7192818
CSTC IT Center: 042 7192805
Atimonan Contact Number: 042 7171420

SCHOOL OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT

Instructional Module in
TPC8: FOREIGN LANGUAGE (ADVANCED SPANISH)

Preliminaries
I. Lesson Number 1
II. Lesson Title The Affirmative Sentence and Negative Sentence
III. Brief Introduction of What are affirmative sentences in Spanish and how to make them.
the Lesson Affirmative sentences, which are used to assert an action or fact, often
have structures similar to English, but many very common constructions
are unique to Spanish. Negative sentences (las oraciones negativas) are
most often formed by placing the adverb “no” before the verb.
IV. Lesson Objectives To be able to learn the Sentence with direct and indirect complement
To know the Sentence with circumstantial complement
To be able to learn the Passive sentence, basic and new structure of
sentences

Lesson Proper
I. Getting Started

Affirmative sentences, which are used to assert an action or fact, often have structures similar to
English, but many very common constructions are unique to Spanish.

SENTENCE WITH DIRECT COMPLEMENT

Simple sentences are generally constructed in the order subject – verb – complement:
 La mujer cierra la ventana. The woman closes the window.
 Un campesino vendió esos productos. A farmer sold these products.

In a common construction, the direct object complement comes first (complement – verb – subject). The
sentence must include a direct object pronoun, underlined below, to keep its meaning:
 La ventana la cierra la mujer.
 Esos productos los vendió un campesino.

Without an object pronoun, the meaning of the first sentence would be: The window closes the woman.
SENTENCE WITH INDIRECT OBJECT
As a general rule, the indirect object is placed in the last position in simple sentences:
 Un campesino le vendió esos productos a mi esposa. A farmer sold these products to my wife.
 La madre le está ofreciendo un juguete a su hijo. The mother gives her son a toy.

If other elements provide information about the direct object, the indirect object is placed before it:
 Un campesino le vendió a mi esposa esos productos del campo. A farmer sold my wife these
products from the countryside.
 La madre le está ofreciendo a su hijo un juguete que le gusta mucho. The mother gave her son
a toy that he liked very much.

If the complements are replaced by pronouns, the verb or verbal group is placed at the end of the
sentence:
 Un campesino se los vendió. A farmer sold them to him.
 Su madre se lo está ofreciendo. His mother gave it to him.
 CSTC COLLEGE OF SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION, INC.
CSTC College Bldg. Gen. Luna St. Maharlika Hi-way, Pob. 3, Arellano Sub. Sariaya Province of
Quezon R4A
Registrar’s Office: 042 3290850 / 042 7192818
CSTC IT Center: 042 7192805
Atimonan Contact Number: 042 7171420

SENTENCE WITH CIRCUMSTANTIAL COMPLEMENT

The syntax is open, a circumstantial complement can be at the beginning, middle or end of the sentence:
 Mañana iremos nosotros al campo.
 Nosotros iremos mañana al campo.
 Nosotros iremos al campo mañana.
We will go to the country tomorrow.

If it is at the beginning (first example above), the verb is usually placed before the subject.

PASSIVE SENTENCE
Passive sentences constructed with a pronominal verb usually begin with it:
 Se buscan voluntarios. Volunteers are needed.
 Se construyen edificios en la costa. Buildings are being constructed on the coast.

NUANCES AND EMPHASIS

The verb ser placed at the beginning of the sentence puts the emphasis on the subject. The rest of the
sentence then becomes a relative proposition:
 Fue el quien vendió esos productos. He was the one who sold…
 Es ella quien le ofrece juguetes. She is the one who offers him…

Several adverbs and phrases are commonly used to reinforce the statement: por supuesto, claro (que),
seguro (que), ya, sí (que).
 Claro que iremos al campo mañana. Of course we’ll go to the country tomorrow.
 Por supuesto se lo está ofreciendo. Of course she offers it to him.
 Ya sabía que se lo iba a comprar. I knew she was going to buy it for him.
 Suerte sí que tiene. He is lucky.

Personal pronouns are optional, often omitted in everyday language. They are used to add nuance or to
raise the level of language:
 ¿Cuantos años tienes? How old are you?
 ¿Cuantos años tienes tú? You, how old are you?
 No sé. I don’t know (meaning: let’s leave it at that, change the subject).
 Yo no sé. I don’t know (meaning: sorry).

FLEXIBILITY
Flexible syntax and optional personal pronouns allow for flexibility. The following sentences are correct
and have much the same meaning, although the last phrases are less common:
 Se lleva el equipaje al aeropuerto.
 El equipaje se lo lleva al aeropuerto.
 Se lleva al aeropuerto el equipaje.
He takes the luggage to the airport.
 Tengo mucha suerte.
 Yo tengo mucha suerte.
 Mucha suerte tengo yo.
I am very lucky.

We can see that the similarity of Spanish with English does not prevent real differences in syntax and
subtleties of expression.

Negative sentences (las oraciones negativas) are most often formed by placing the adverb “no” before
the verb.

Basic structure: Subject + « no » + verb + Direct Object Complement + Indirect Object Complement:
 CSTC COLLEGE OF SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION, INC.
CSTC College Bldg. Gen. Luna St. Maharlika Hi-way, Pob. 3, Arellano Sub. Sariaya Province of
Quezon R4A
Registrar’s Office: 042 3290850 / 042 7192818
CSTC IT Center: 042 7192805
Atimonan Contact Number: 042 7171420

 Alejandro come una manzana (Alejandro is eating an apple)

 Negation → Alejandro no come una manzana (Alejandro does not eat an apple)
 Maya sabe leer y escribir (Maya can read and write)
 Negation → Maya no sabe leer y escribir (Maya can’t read and write)
 Isabella y Javier trabajan todos los días en el mismo restaurante (Isabella and Javier work in the
same restaurant every day)
 Negation → Isabella y Javier no trabajan todos los días en el mismo restaurante (Isabella and
Javier do not work every day in the same restaurant)
 Mateo pone un chaleco a su hijo para que no tenga frío (Mateo puts a vest on his son so he
doesn’t get cold)
 Negation → Mateo no pone un chaleco a su hijo (Mateo does not put a vest on his son)
 A Liliana le gusta hacer bicicleta (Liliana likes to ride her bike)
 Negation → A Liliana no le gusta hacer bicicleta (Liliana does not like to ride a bike)

The order of the words in the sentence is changed when the object complement is replaced by a
pronoun.
New structure: Subject + « no » + pronoun Indirect Object Complement+ pronoun Direct Object
Complement + verb
 Elena da frutas a su hija (Elena gives fruit to her daughter)
If we modify this sentence so that the object complement is replaced by a pronoun, it gives :
 Elena le da frutas (Elena gives her fruit)
And the negation is therefore :
 Elena no le da frutas (Elena doesn’t give her fruit)
Same reasoning in the plural:
 María no da frutas a sus hijas (María does not give fruit to her daughters)
 Negation → María no les da frutas (María doesn’t give them fruit)

If the Indirect Object Complement pronoun« le » or « les » is immediately followed by « la », « lo

», « los » or « las », it’s replaced by « se » :
 Paola no les da frutas (Paola does not give them fruit) → « Paola no « les – los » da frutas »
which we replace by « Paola no se los da frutas » (Paola does not give them fruit)

How to make a double negation in Spanish?

It is possible to emphasize the negation of a sentence by adding words like “never”, “nothing”, etc. In
Spanish, the following structure should be used:
« no » + verb + words with a negative value:
 Juan no sabe tampoco cantar (Juan can’t sing either)
 Salma no quiere comer ní frutas ní verduras (Salma does not want to eat fruits or vegetables)
 Alicia no lleva nunca botas (Alicia never wears boots)
 Lorenzo no encuentra a nadie en el parque (Lorenzo does not meet anyone in the park)

In some cases, it is possible to use certain negative words directly before the verb without using “no”:
 Emiliano no sabe tampoco cantar → Emiliano tampoco sabe cantar (Raúl can’t sing either)
 Alicia no lleva nunca botas → Alicia nunca lleva botas (Alicia never wears boots)

II. Discussion
The discussion is about the Affirmative sentences that are used to assert an action or fact and often have
structures similar to English and the Negative sentences that most often formed by placing the adverb
“no” before the verb. In this lesson they learned the Sentence with direct and indirect complement,
Sentence with circumstantial complement and the key point to learned is the Passive sentence, basic and
new structure of sentences.
III. Application (Performance Task -40%)
Refer to your LMS for instruction
 CSTC COLLEGE OF SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION, INC.
CSTC College Bldg. Gen. Luna St. Maharlika Hi-way, Pob. 3, Arellano Sub. Sariaya Province of
Quezon R4A
Registrar’s Office: 042 3290850 / 042 7192818
CSTC IT Center: 042 7192805
Atimonan Contact Number: 042 7171420

IV. Assessment (Written Works-30%)

Refer to your LMS for instruction
V. Reflection (Performance Task -40%)
Refer to your LMS for instruction
VI. References
1. https://spanishfornoobs.com/advanced-spanish-grammar-pdf/

Prepared by:
Digitally signed by
Dela Cruz Jessica
Perez

JESSICA P. DELA CRUZ

Instructor

Reviewed by: Approved by:

DIANA GRACIA T. EVANGELISTA, MM,CHP JESS JAY M. SAJISE, DBA

Program Head, School of Tourism & Hospitality Vice President of Academic Affairs External
Management