Changan Auto - Basic First Aid Training

Basic First Aid
Training
© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

By Rimsha Asif - HR
Definition Of First Aid
As per OSHA:
Medical Attention That Is Usually Administered Immediately After

Injury Occurs And At The Location Where It Occurred.
➢ First Aid is the provision of initial care for an ill or injured person and usually performed by
a lay person until professional care arrives or definitive medical treatment can be
accessed.
➢ It generally consists of a series of simple and in some cases, potentially life-saving

techniques that an individual can be trained to perform with minimal equipment.
2

To Assess the patient, Always follow:
➢ D ------------------------------------------------- DANGER
➢ R ------------------------------------------------- RESPONSE
➢ A ------------------------------------------------- ACTIVATE EMS
➢ C ------------------------------------------------ CIRCULATION
➢ A ------------------------------------------------ AIRWAY
➢ B ------------------------------------------------ BREATHING

➢Check the anticipated danger into six directions-(Right, Left, Front,
Back, Up, Down)
➢Secure the scene-(do not attempt to mitigate things beyond your

control)

➢Check the level of responsiveness-(AVPU-Conscious, Semi-conscious,
Un-conscious)
➢Check responsiveness-(Verbal, Shaking, Pain)

➢ After taking responsiveness, call to Emergency Medical Services-
(Rescue 1122, Edhi 115, Patrolling Police 1124, Highway police 130, or
local Ambulance)
➢ Communicate following info to EMS-call operators
➢Caller Name
➢Phone/ Cell No.
➢Nature of Emergency
➢No. of Patients
➢Exact Location
➢Important Landmarks

➢Check Circulation-(Carotid pulse for 10 sec.)
➢If Pulse is present then go to next step (A-Airway)
➢If there is no pulse start CPR immediately

➢ Check and opening Airway- (Mouth, Nose)
➢ Head Tilt – Chin Lift ( For Medical Emergency)
➢ Jaw Thrust ( For Trauma/ Accident’s victims)
➢ Clear the airway- (finger sweep, suction)
Head -Tilt
& Jaw Thrust
Chin - Lift

➢ Check Breathing- (LLF for 10 sec)
➢ L-Look…..(Chest rise and fall)
➢ L-Listen…(Listen the whisper/ sound of breathing)
➢ F-Feel…...(Feel breath/ hotness on your cheek)
➢ If breathing is present then ok, move next

➢ If there is no breathing, give mouth to mouth breathing

➢Occurs when a patient is in respiratory arrest (not breathing)
or in cardiac arrest (heart not beating).
➢The patient has a period of 4 to 6 minutes to be

resuscitated without brain damage.
➢Clinical death can be reversed.
10

➢The moment at which the brain cells begin to die.
➢After 8 to 10 minutes brain cells begin to die.
➢Biological death cannot be reversed.
11

12

➢CPR must begin as soon as
possible
➢Patient must be in NO PULSE &

NO BREATHING condition
➢Position the Patient

➢Must be faced Up
➢Laid at plain and Hard
surface
13

Compression Position
14

Rescuer Position
➢Sitting Position
➢Right Side
➢Kneeling Position
➢Hand Position
➢Below of the sternum
➢Power hand above
➢Fingers interlocked with each others
➢Arms Position
➢At 90 angle
➢Elbows must be locked
➢Force from shoulders and use
hip joint as fulcrum
15

CPR CYCLE - C.A.B.
Check Circulation (Carotid Pulse)
If no Pulse Start CPR
After completion 5 cycles

Check Carotid Pulse &
6 Check Breathing by LLF.
Give 30 Compressions Check and clear Airway Give 2 Rescue Breaths
5 16

➢Give 30 compressions and 2 breaths for 5 cycles
➢Compression depth 1 ½ - 2 inches
➢100 compressions per minute
➢Give 2 rescue breaths after

30 compressions
17

•If victim starts to breathe normally, place in
Recovery Position
18

Choking
19

Signs Of Complete Obstruction
➢Pale to Bluish discoloration of the face
➢Unusual sounds; shrill
➢Unable to cough
➢May clutch neck with thumb and finger known as the universal
sign of choking
20

Heimlich Maneuver
21

STEP 1
Stand behind victim.
One leg between
victim’s legs.
Head to one side.
STEP 2
Make fist with one
hand thumb side in to
victim’s abdomen 22

STEP 3
Grasp fist with
other hand.
Thrust inward and

upward.
PREGNANCY
For pregnant victim
you can’t get arms
around, give chest
thrusts.
23

24

Between shoulder blades
25

Roll infant’s face up
26

Give 5 chest thrusts. Check mouth for expelled object.
Repeat back slaps and chest thrusts as necessary.
27

Shock refers to circulatory system failure that happens when
insufficient amounts of oxygenated blood is provided for every body
part. This can be as the result of:
– Loss of blood due to uncontrolled bleeding or other circulatory system

problem.
– Loss of fluid due to dehydration or excessive sweating.
– Trauma (injury)
– Occurrence of an extreme emotional event.
28

What to Look For
• Altered mental status

• Anxiety and restlessness
• Pale, cold, and clammy skin, lips, and nail beds
(capillary refill pressure)
• Nausea and vomiting
• Rapid breathing and pulse
• Unresponsiveness when shock is severe
What to Do
After treating life-threatening injuries such as breathing
or bleeding, the following procedures shall be
performed:
•Lay the victim on his or her back

•Raise the victim’s legs 8” – 12” to allow the blood
to drain from the legs back to the heart
•Prevent body heat loss by putting blankets and
coats under and over the victim
29

30

Open Wounds
– A break in the skin’s surface that results in external

bleeding and may allow bacteria to enter the body
that can cause infection
• Abrasion
– The top layer of skin is removed
with little or no blood loss
– Scrape
• Laceration
– A cut skin with jagged, irregular edges
and caused by a forceful tearing away
of skin tissue
• Incisions
– Smooth edges and resemble
a surgical or paper cut
31

Open Wounds
• Punctures
• Deep, narrow wounds such as
a stab wound from a nail or a
knife in the skin and underlying organs
• Avulsion
• Flap of skin is torn loose and is either
hanging from the body or completely removed
• Amputation
• Cutting or tearing off of a body part
such as a finger, toe, hand, foot, arm, or leg
32

Procedure to Control Bleeding
➢Direct Pressure
(With gloved hand)
➢Apply Dressing
(Use bulky dressing)
➢Apply Bandage
(Use crape/ cotton bandage)
33

Procedure to Control Bleeding
➢Elevation
(From the heart level)
➢Pressure Points
(Apply tourniquets)
34

Treatment for wounds is 4C
1st C.Control 2nd C. Clean
4th C. Cover
3rd C. Close
Severe wound? Clean only after bleeding has stopped 35

36

First-degree burns (Superficial)
Only the skin’s outer layer (epidermis) is damaged.

Symptoms include redness, mild swelling, tenderness,
and pain.
Usually heals without scarring.
What to Do:
– Immerse in cold water 10 to
45 minutes or use cold, wet cloths.
» Cooling stops burn progression
» May use other liquids
– Aloe, moisturizer lotion
37

Second-degree burns (Partial Thickness)
Epidermis and upper regions of dermis are damaged.

Symptoms include blisters, swelling,
weeping of fluids, and severe pain.
What to Do:
• Immerse in cold water / wet pack
• Aspirin or ibuprofen
• Do not break blisters
• May seek medical attention
38

Third-degree burns (Full Thickness)
Severe burns that penetrate all the skin layers, into

the underlying fat and muscle.
Symptoms include: the burned area appears gray-
white, cherry red, or black; there is no initial edema
or pain (since nerve endings are destroyed)
What to Do:
• Usually not necessary to apply cold to
areas of third degree
• Do not apply ointments
• Apply sterile, non-stick dressings (do not
use plastic)
• Check CAB’s
• Treat for shock
• Get medical help
39

Burn injuries
Thermal (heat) burns

• Flames
• Hot objects
• Flammable vapor that ignites
• Steam or hot liquid
What to Do:
• Stop the burning
– Remove victim from burn source
– If open flame, smother with blanket, coat
or similar item, or have the victim roll on
ground.
• Determine the depth (degree) of the burn
40

Chemical burns
– The result of a caustic or corrosive substance
touching the skin caused by:
• Acids (batteries)
• Alkalis (drain cleaners- often more extensive)
• Organic compounds (oil products)
What to Do:
– Remove the chemical by flushing the area with
water
• Brush dry powder chemicals from the skin
before flushing
• Take precautions to protect yourself from
exposure to the chemical
– Remove the victim’s contaminated clothing and
jewelry while flushing with water
– Flush for 20 minutes all chemical burns (skin, eyes)
– Cover the burned area with a dry, sterile dressing
– Seek medical attention
41

Electrical Burns (Electrocution)
– A mild electrical shock can cause serious internal

injuries.
– There are three types of electrical injuries:
• Thermal burn (flame) – Objects in direct contact
with the skin are ignited by an electrical current.
– Mostly caused by the flames produced by the
electrical current and not by the passage of the
electrical current or arc.
• Arc burn (flash) – Occurs when electricity jumps, or
arcs, from one spot to another.
– Mostly cause extensive superficial injuries.
• True electrical injury (contact) – Occurs when an
electric current truly passes through the body.
42

What to Do:
– Make sure the scene is safe

• Unplug, disconnect, or turn off the power.
• If that is impossible, call the power company or EMS for help.
– Do not contact high voltage wires
– Consider all wires live
– Do not handle downed lines
– Do not come in contact with person if the electrical source is
live
– Check CABs. (Circulation Airway Breathing)
– If the victim fell, check for a spinal injury.
– Treat the victim for shock by elevating the legs 8” – 12” if no spinal
injury is suspected.
– Seek medical attention immediately.
43

• High temperature puts stress on our bodies.
• When the body’s cooling system has to work
too hard it can strain itself.
• This strain, combined with other stresses such as work, loss of fluids or fatigue
may lead to heat related disorders i.e. heat stress (heat cramps, heat
exhaustion, heat stroke).
44

Heat Cramps
Usually affect workers who sweat a lot during strenuous
activity.
This sweating depletes the body's salt

and moisture levels.
Heat cramps may also be a

symptom of heat exhaustion.
45

Heat Exhaustion
• Heavy sweating.
• Intense thirst from dehydration.
• Fatigue, weakness or loss of coordination.
• Cool, moist skin.
• Low BP
• Week and rapid pulse.
• Anxiety , Confusion
• Body Temp 38.8C or 102 F
46

Heat Stroke
▪ It is the most serious form of heat

injury and is considered a medical
emergency.
▪ A core body temperature that rises

above 104 F (40 C) accompanied by
hot, dry skin and central nervous
system abnormalities such as delirium,
convulsions, or coma.
47

Symptoms:
• Absence of sweating.
• Hot, red or flushed, dry skin.
• Rapid pulse.
• Difficult breathing.
• Constrict pupils.
• Weakness
• Nausea or vomiting.
• Collapse.
• Body temperature over 104 deg F.
48

Treatment:
• Move the victim in to the shade.
• You MUST lower the victim’s body temperature as fast as possible.
• Massage the body with ice.
• Don’t give liquids to unconscious victims.
• Evacuate the victim to the hospital.
49

50

Symptoms
• Two puncture wounds
• Swelling and redness around the wounds
• Pain at the bite area
• Difficulty breathing
• Vomiting and nausea
• Blurred vision
• Sweating and salivating
• Numbness in the face and limbs
• Low blood pressure 51

DO’s:
Keep: the bitten person Still, Calm and Reassure. This
can slow down the spread of venom if the snake is
poisonous.
Keep: the extremity at heart level or lower. Splint the

affected part if possible.
Clean: the wound and cover with dry dressing.
Give: Anti-Tetanus Toxoid injection
Give: paracetamol for pain.

52

DONT’S:
Apply tourniquet
Apply Ice
Incise the wound/manipulate the bitten area.
Give tab Disprin
53

Thank you all
Your questions are welcome
54

Changan Auto - Basic First Aid Training

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Changan Auto - Basic First Aid Training

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Changan Auto - Basic First Aid Training

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Basic First Aid

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

Medical Attention That Is Usually Administered Immediately After

➢ It generally consists of a series of simple and in some cases, potentially life-saving

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

➢Secure the scene-(do not attempt to mitigate things beyond your

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

➢Check responsiveness-(Verbal, Shaking, Pain)

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

➢ Communicate following info to EMS-call operators

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

➢ Clear the airway- (finger sweep, suction)

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

➢ If breathing is present then ok, move next

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

➢The patient has a period of 4 to 6 minutes to be

➢Clinical death can be reversed.

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

➢After 8 to 10 minutes brain cells begin to die.

➢Biological death cannot be reversed.

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

➢Patient must be in NO PULSE &

➢Position the Patient

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

After completion 5 cycles

Give 30 Compressions Check and clear Airway Give 2 Rescue Breaths

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

➢Compression depth 1 ½ - 2 inches

➢100 compressions per minute

➢Give 2 rescue breaths after

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

➢Unusual sounds; shrill

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

Thrust inward and

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

– Loss of blood due to uncontrolled bleeding or other circulatory system

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

• Altered mental status

•Lay the victim on his or her back

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

– A break in the skin’s surface that results in external

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved

© Master Motors. All Rights Reserved