Cloroplast

Cell wall

Large central vacuole

 receptor

relay neurones

motor neurones

effector / muscles

synapse

75x10-3
 0mg

as the hormone slowly increases, the amount of milk produced on the hormones increase
 (b) Farmers want to make reliable comparisons about the effect of different doses of
growth hormone.
(i) What was done in this investigation to make the results reliable?
(1)

adding more cows

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(ii) Many variables that affect milk production need to be kept the same for each
group of cows. This allows a valid comparison to be made between each group.
Give two variables that need to be kept the same.
(2)

1 . . . . . . ....................................
same species . . . . . . .of
. . . . . . .cow
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2 . . . . . . ....................................
the nutrition . .of
. . . . . . .the
. . . . . . . . . . .cow
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .water
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c) Growth hormone is a protein.

It might be present in the milk produced by the cows and then be consumed by humans.
Some people are worried that this may harm humans.
Other people say that this is not a problem for two reasons.
Firstly, the milk is pasteurised (heated to high temperatures).
Secondly, the growth hormone is destroyed in the human stomach.
(i) Suggest what happens to the growth hormone when milk is pasteurised.
(1)

the proteins become unfunctional, due to it being destroyed by high temperature

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DENATURED, thats the word

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. . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Describe how the growth hormone could be destroyed in the stomach.
(3)

the extreme ph of the stomach can dissolve the proteins

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HCl, and protease breaks down the protein, and denatures the hormone
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. . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
 b

\F

D
4 The photograph shows a bird called a parakeet.

(a) (i) Parakeets eat seeds.

Parakeets can be eaten by birds of prey called raptors.
Use this information to draw a food chain.
(2)

(ii) Many seeds contain starch.

Suggest what happens to starch in the gut of a parakeet.
(3)

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. . . . . . . . .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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 Hypothalmus

Affects kidney to absorb

reabsorb water in blood

hormonal communication is long term, while nerve impulses ends pretty fast

hormonal communication is slower than nerve impulses.

the roots grow in the same direction as gravity, while the upper plant grows in the opposite
direction of gravity