FLUID MECHANICS BASICS, Scale | Motion FIGURE 1.13 Helical Bourdon tube thin-walled tubing, System pressure is applied to the internal volume of the bellows, ‘As the inlet pressure to the instrument varies, the bellows will expand or contract. The moving end of the bellows is connected to a mechanical linkage assembly. ‘+ Asthe bellows and linkage assembly moves, either an electrical signal is generated or a direct pressure indication is provided. ‘© The flexibility of a metallic bellows is similar in character to that of a helical, coiled compression spring. + How does a capsule device for pressure measurement ‘work? What are its characteristies? Mustrate ' The capsule consists of two circular shaped, convo- luted membranes (usually stainless steel) sealed tight around the circumference. + Pressure is applied to the inside of the capsule, + Figure 1.15 illustrates the principle, * Unlike a diaphragm, which is fixed on one side, a capsule expands like a balloon in both directions. Input pressure Y c ——— FIGURE 1.14 Basic metallic bellows, ‘Continuo seam Moxon Feeible t Preskure FIGURE 1.15 Capsule device for measurement of differential pressure + The sensitivity range for most capsules is low, only a few kPa of differential pressure. Higher differential pressures can damage the capsule. wer? = A transducer is a device, electrical, electroni electromechanical, that converts one type of energy to another for various purposes including measure- ‘ments or information transfer. What is a trans «Ina broader sense, a transducer is sometimes defined as any device that converts a signal from one form to another. A pressure transducer converts pressure into an analog electrical signal. Although there are various types of pressure transducers, one of the most com ‘mon types is the strain gauge-based transducer. = The conversion of pressure into electrical signal is achieved by the physical deformation of strain ‘gauges that are bonded into the plastic diaphragm of the pressure transducer and wired into a Wheat- stone bridge configuration, ‘= The pressure applied to the pressure transducer pro- duces a deflection of the diaphragm, which intro- duces strain to the gauges. The strain produces an electrical resistance change proportional to the pres- sure. The electrical signal can get altered even if the transducer is touched by hand. ‘+ Most pressure signals transmitted from the field tothe control room are generated by pressure transducers. * Differential pressure indicators give differential readings from two transducers and generate a milli ampere output signal + What is a MeLeod gauge? A MeLeod gauge is an instrument to measure very ow pressures, as low as 10-"Tort. It isolates a sample of gas and compresses it in a modified ‘mercury manometer until the pressure is few mmHg. ‘© What is a Pirani gauge? Where is it used? = A Pirani gauge consists of a metal wire open to the pressure to be measured. The wire is heated by the Scanned with CamScanner