Reference Setting Type Participants Exposure Outcome Analysis Results Other

Yixuan He, Chirag M. This study an observational The study The exposure in this The primary outcome of The research employed PXS provides modest incremental predictive
Lakhani, Danielle utilized data research study involved a total study included 111 the study was the machine learning value over clinical risk factors. The C-statistics
Rasooly, Arjun K. from the UK that aims to of 356,621 nongenetic development and techniques, including for PGS, PXS, and clinical risk score were
Manrai, Ioanna Biobank, establish a PXS unrelated environmental and evaluation of a PXS for lasso regression and Cox 0.709, 0.762, and 0.839, respectively.
Tzoulaki, Chirag J. Patel; comprising
Comparisons of Polyexposure, unrelated for T2D and individuals of lifestyle factors, such predicting incident cases regression, to select Individuals in the top 10% of PGS, PXS, and
Polygenic, and Clinical Risk individuals of assess its White British as alcohol of T2D in the study relevant exposure clinical risk score had significantly higher T2D
Scores in Risk Prediction of White British predictive value ancestry. These consumption, dietary population. The study also variables and develop the risk compared to others. Addition of PGS and
Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes ancestry, aiming compared to participants were habits, employment examined the polygenic PXS. Cox regression PXS to clinical risk factors improved T2D
Care 1 April 2021; 44 (4): 935– to predict Type 2 traditional divided into status, and more. risk score (PGS) and models were used to classification accuracy, indicating their potential
943. Diabetes (T2D) clinical risk training, These exposures were clinical risk score (CRS) assess the predictive value value in T2D risk stratification.
development.
https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-2049 factors and validation, and used to derive the as outcomes in relation to of PXS, PGS, and CRS in
The study polygenic risk testing sets. PXS for T2D T2D prediction. relation to incident T2D
analyzed scores Participants had prediction. cases. Discrimination and
nongenetic
exposure diverse baseline reclassification
factors. characteristics methodologies were
and were free of applied to evaluate the
T2D at the start models.
of the study.
Choudhary, P., Ronkainen, J., The study This is a cohort The study The exposure The study examined three The study employed a The study found that individuals with
Nedelec, R., Tolvanen, M., utilized data study that included 6,372 variables in the study main outcomes: 1) Type 2 range of statistical depression had 1.68 times higher odds of having
Lowry, E., Miettunen, J., from the employed participants, with included various diabetes (T2D), 2) analyses, including path T2D. The genetic risk for obesity (PRS BMI)
Jarvelin, M. R., & Sebert, S. Northern Finland longitudinal data 53.8% females, measures of depression, and 3) analysis to understand the did not directly affect T2D but did so indirectly
(2022). The relationship of Birth Cohort
life-course patterns of 1966 to investigate the from the adiposity, including comorbidity of T2D and relationships between through measures of adiposity in early
adiposity with type 2 (NFBC1966) with relationship NFBC1966 birthweight standard depression. different variables, Cox childhood and mid-adulthood. Early-onset
diabetes, depression, and a focus on between Type 2 cohort. deviation scores, BMI regression models to overweight at 7 years and 31 years showed the
their comorbidity in the individuals born diabetes (T2D), Participants were at 7 years and 31 assess the impact of highest risk of T2D and comorbidity, with some
Northern Finland Birth Cohort in 1966 in the depression, and tracked from years, and a overweight patterns on attenuation after adjusting for covariates.
1966. International journal of northern obesity across birth until 46 polygenic risk score outcomes, and logistic Depression did not show significant associations
obesity (2005), 46(8), 1470– provinces of the lifecourse. years, excluding (PRS) for BMI. The regression to assess with early life adiposity.
1477. Finland. It those born study also considered associations between T2D
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-022-01134-y
followed preterm, patterns of and depression while
participants from
birth until 46 individuals with overweight at 7 years adjusting for covariates.
years, collecting multiple births, and 31 years.
data through those with self-
postal reported
questionnaires, depression, and
clinical visits, those with
and national diabetes at 31
registers. years follow-up.
Olusanya, M. O., Ogunsakin, The study This is a The study In the context of the The primary outcome A meta-analysis approach The study found that decision trees (DT) models
R. E., Ghai, M., & Adeleke, M. examined soft- systematic meta- included 34 meta-analysis measured was the was used to pool and had the best prediction performance, with an
A. (2022). Accuracy of computing and analysis study that papers with a total discussed, the common classification accuracy of the analyze data from the accuracy of 0.88, followed by neural network (NN)
Machine Learning statistical learning reviews and of 136,952 exposure refers to the machine learning models in selected papers. The study models with an accuracy of 0.85. Meta-regression
Classification Models for the models for compares various patients. It use of machine predicting T2DM, reported also conducted subgroup did not reveal significant findings affecting
Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes diabetes mellitus models used for machine learning T2DM prediction. This as
predicting type 2 machine learning analyzed various learning models for an overall accuracy of analyses based on
86% with a 95% confidence prediction types and
accuracy. Machine learning models, particularly DT
and NN, showed promising predictive accuracy for
Mellitus: A Systematic Survey (T2DM) using a predicting T2DM models applied to exposure encompasses interval of [82%, 89%]. machine learning T2DM, but there was heterogeneity among them.
and Meta-Analysis meta-analysis based on research T2DM prediction, the application of algorithms. Meta-regression This research provides valuable insights for
Approach. International approach. Data published encompassing a various machine was performed to explore healthcare practitioners seeking to implement
journal of environmental was collected between 2010 and wide range of learning algorithms, factors contributing to effective predictive models for T2DM.
research and public from papers 2021. patient data. such as logistic heterogeneity.
health, 19(21), 14280. published regression, artificial
between 2010 and
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114280 neural networks,
2021, retrieved decision trees, and
from Web of others, to analyze and
Science, Scopus, predict T2DM based on
and PubMed. a diverse set of patient
data from the 34
papers included in the
analysis. The exposure
here is the utilization of
machine learning
techniques as a
common factor across
the studies included in
the meta-analysis.
Zheng, T., Xie, W., Xu, L., He, The study is set in This is a research The participants in The exposure in this The outcome is the The study employs feature The results indicate that the machine learning- The study concludes that the proposed framework offers a
X., Zhang, Y., You, M., Yang, the context of study involving this study are study is the utilization performance evaluation of engineering to extract based framework significantly outperforms the more accurate and efficient approach to identifying subjects
G., & Chen, Y. (2017). A Type 2 Diabetes data analysis and patients whose of machine learning machine learning models in relevant information from state-of-the-art expert algorithm in identifying with and without T2DM from EHR data. It highlights the role
machine learning-based Mellitus (T2DM) machine learning EHR data was and feature identifying T2DM subjects. EHR data and utilizes T2DM subjects from EHR data. The framework of machine learning in automating the extraction of patterns
framework to identify type 2 research, aiming techniques. It falls stored in a engineering techniques The study measures machine learning models, achieves high accuracy and recall rates, related to T2DM and improving predictive power.
diabetes through electronic to identify
genotype-
under the
category of
centralized
repository,
to identify subjects
with and without
accuracy, precision, AUC
(Area Under the Curve),
including k-Nearest-
Neighbors, Naïve Bayes,
demonstrating its effectiveness in improving the
identification process.
Additionally, the framework addresses the shortcomings of
wide separation ranges in expert algorithms.
health records. International phenotype biomedical totaling 123,241 T2DM from EHR data. sensitivity, and specificity of Decision Tree, Random
journal of medical associations. It informatics and patients within The goal is to improve classification models. The Forest, Support Vector
informatics, 97, 120–127. utilizes Electronic data-driven the investigated the recall rate while key result is that the Machine, and Logistic
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme Health Records healthcare three years. The maintaining a low false framework achieves high Regression, to classify T2DM
dinf.2016.09.014 (EHR) data research. study focuses on a positive rate compared identification performance subjects. Performance
collected from a subset of 300 to expert-based with an average AUC of metrics are used for the
regional patient samples, identification approximately 0.98, evaluation of model
distributed EHR comprising 161 algorithms. outperforming the state-of- accuracy.
repository T2DM cases, 60 the-art expert algorithm
spanning from controls, and 79 with an AUC of 0.71.
2012 to 2014 unconfirmed
subjects.
Tanja Nordström, Jouko The study is based This is an The NFBC1966 The exposure is the use The outcome is the The study describes the The result indicates that the NFBC1966 cohort
Miettunen, Juha Auvinen, on the Northern observational includes data from of the NFBC1966 availability of data for recruitment process, data provides a valuable resource for understanding the
Leena Ala-Mursula, Sirkka Finland Birth cohort study 12,231 children cohort, which provides participants at different collection, and follow-up of life course origins of health and studying the
Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Juha Cohort 1966 focusing on the and their parents. rich data on prenatal stages of their lives, the NFBC1966 cohort at incidences and clustering of diseases. It emphasizes
Veijola, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, (NFBC1966), life course origins This cohort and early life including childhood, various time points. It the continued support for the cohort infrastructure
Sylvain Sebert, Minna originally of health, disease represents 95.6% measurements, as well adolescence (14-year highlights the ethical to enable further research.
established to incidence, and the of all children as information on follow-up), early adulthood approvals and
Männikkö, Cohort Profile: 46 investigate risk genetic, biological, born in the area in various aspects of (31-year follow-up), and methodologies used for
years of follow-up of the factors in preterm psychosocial, and 1966, with physical, mental, and middle age (46-year follow- data collection, including
Northern Finland Birth Cohort birth and behavioral factors comprehensive social development. It up). The data collected questionnaires and clinical
1966 intrauterine underlying health information on serves as a resource for cover a wide range of examinations. Data analyses
(NFBC1966), International growth outcomes. prenatal and early studying health-related factors, including social are not presented in the
Journal of Epidemiology, retardation, as life factors. factors and outcomes. background, lifestyle, provided text.
Volume 50, Issue 6, December well as the long- diagnosed diseases,
2021, Pages 1786–1787j, term psychiatric symptoms,
consequences on
https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyab109 physical health, medication
children's health. use, and family history of
The cohort is diseases.
situated in the
two northernmost
provinces of
Finland, Oulu and
Lapland.