STS REVIEWER analytical methods

● research as a source for

SCIENCE development and assimilation of
● to produce solutions in some new human skills
problem domains. ● knowledge base that becomes
● study dealing with a body of facts or increasingly important in the
truths systematically arranged assessment of technology
● Search for knowledge ● that enables more efficient strategies
● Way of understanding ourselves and of applied research, development,
the physical world
● Process of asking questions and CONTRIBUTION OF TECHNOLOGY ON
finding answers, then creating broad SCIENCE
● generalizations ● providing a fertile source of novel
scientific questions
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD ● source of unavailable
● process of objectively establishing instrumentation and techniques
facts through testing and needed to address novel questions
experimentation.
SOCIETY
TECHNOLOGY ● large group of people who live
● Practical application of knowledge together in an organized
● Experience based way
● Produced through information and
knowledge SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
● Short history: ● Interdisciplinary field of study that
1st industrial revolution- railroads seeks to explore and understand the
and steam engine many ways that modern science and
2nd industrial revolution- mass technology
production, electricity ● Shape modern culture, values, and
3rd industrial revolution- institutions
semiconductors, mainframe
computing, automation HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE
4th industrial revolution- internet, COURSE OF STS
machine to humans, machine to
machine PREHISTORIC (BEFORE
SCIENTISTS)
CONTRIBUTION OF SCIENCE TO ● TOOLS
TECHNOLOGY Handaxe/ biface, pebble tools
● direct source of ideas for new ● CONSTRUCTION
technological possibilities. Mammoth bone dwelling
● Source of tools and techniques, and ● ENERGY
a knowledge base for evaluation ancestors in East Africa have
● Research instrumentation, discovered how to use fire to cook
laboratory techniques and tubers
 Gravettian cultures burn bones for ● SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
heat and cooking Heike Kamerlingh Onnes-
● MATERIALS Conduct electricity with zero
Venus figurines, ceramic, bone and resistance,
antler needles ● STEAM ENGINES
ANCIENT Newcomen Engine- first steam
● MATERIALS engine to utilize steam power for
Egyptians mine iron ore and smelt mechanical work.
iron ● DURALUMINUM
Egyptians and Sumerians smelt Alfred Wilm- alloy of aluminum
Silver containing 3.5 percent copper and
Copper mines 0.5 percent magnesium
Bitumen- petroleum ● TOOLS
seepage, is used in great Advanced machine and automations
quantities for waterproofing ● GENETIC ENGINEERING
● MEASUREMENTS FILIPINO INVENTIONS
Through body parts ● BAMBOO INCUBATOR
● CONSTRUCTION Dr. Fe del Mundo- maintain suitable
Cretan palace of Minos contains conditions for a newborn
sewage systems, interior bathrooms ● ERYTHROMYCIN
with a water supply. Dr. Abelardo Aguilar- antibiotic used
Great Pyramid, The Sphinx, Stone in treating infections of the
Henge respiratory tract, urinary tract
● MATHEMATICS infections, and syphilis
Pythagorean theorem ● THE SALT LAMP
MIDDLE AGES Aisa and Raphael Mijeno-
● TOOLS "Sustainable Alternative Lighting"
water-powered flour sifting and ● SOLAR WINDOWS
shaking machine- back-and-forth Carvey Ehren Maigue- converted
motion needed for sifting; 1st ever damaged crops into a solar window.
machine done this ● LOCALLY-DEVELOPED COVID-19
First vernier calipers TEST KITS
● ENERGY Dr Raul Destura's team.
Invented matches in china ● GINHAWA VENTILATOR
MODERN AGES Dr. Abundio Balgos Team- low-cost,
● CHEMISTRY compact, and effective ventilator
Louis Pasteur- pasteurization ● PILI SEAL
Rubber products (erasers, fabrics) Mark Kennedy Bantugon-
Sodium bicarbonate sustainable sealant for aircraft
● CALCULATOR integral fuel tanks
Charles Babbage INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS
● ENERGY ● Historical changes in the thoughts,
Michael Faraday- first two motors beliefs and social institutions due to
powered by electricity new ideas and principles.
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONS ● Ayurveda- Traditional medicine
● Science became more influential INDONESIAN
and important in the Middle Ages. ● Candis- Religious structures with
3 INTELLECTUALS: both Buddhist and Hindu Heritage
NICOLAS COPERNICUS MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA
● Heliocentric Model of the EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
Universe- Sun is the center ● Alexandria – center of intelligence
● Supported by Tycho Brahe, and science in the middle ages
Johaness Kepler and Galileo Galilei ● The rest of Africa – Metallurgy
CHARLES DARWIN (gold, copper and iron)
● Origin of the Species and Decent ● Ibn al-Hytham- Father of Optics
Man ● Jabir ibn Hayann- Alchemy and
● humans are natural and are subject Metallurgy
to the laws of Science ● Ibn Sina- Medicine (Infectious
● Darwinian Revolution Diseases) and Pharmacology
● Natural Selection
SIGMUND FREUD INFORMATION REVOLUTION
● Revolutionary in Psychology ● Change in the social, economic and
● Psychoanalysis political role of information.
● Theory on Psychosexual ● Language is associated with the
Development beginning of humanity
● Dream Interpretation Unifying factor for humanity
● Id, ego and superego ● Writing is in the rise of civilizations
● Rejected the “Enlightenment” Documentation, preserve
information
MESO-AMERICA ● Printing is significant to the rise
● MAYA CIVILIZATION modern civilization
Astronomy and Engineering Distribution of important scientific
Maya Hieroglyphics religious and historical text.
Mayan Codices Johannes Gutenberg- Father of Printing
● INCA CIVILIZATION
Paved Roads COMPUTERS
Irrigation Systems ● Processing and calculation of digital
Machu Pichu information.
Quipo- A record system using ● Storage Devices – storing and
knotted ropes sharing of information or data
● AZTEC CIVILIZATION ● Optical Communication
Mandatory Education for establishment of communication
Children networks
Chinampas- Way of farming in ACCESS TO INFORMATION
canals ● POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
ASIA government transparency,
INDIAN CIVILIZATION development in online campaign and
● Steel works automated elections.
 ● TELECOMMUNICATION ● Use of Overseas Development
● FAKE NEWS Allocation
● Human resource development.
NATION
● large body of people united by DOST
common descent,history, culture, or ● Department of Science and
language Technology
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND S&T IN THE ● managing national technology
PHILIPPINES development
● adopting a comprehensive National
PRE-SPANISH ERA Science and Technology Plan for the
● own culture and traditions. Philippines
● SCIENCE PHILIPPINE SCIENCE AND
Planting crops TECHNOLOGY AGENDA
Taking care of animals
Food production
Interpret the movements of INNOVATION CULTURE
heavenly bodies to predict ● Innovation Ecosystem
seasons and climates Saltwater lamp
Medical uses of plants Salamander tricycle
● TECHNOLOGY Diwata 1 microsatellite
Building houses ASEAN INTEGRATION REQUIRES
Irrigation COMPETITIVE TECHNOLOGY
Developing tools ● Stronger Research and
Musical instruments Development in the regions, not
SPANISH ERA just Manila
● Established schools. ● Strategic projects in five areas:
● concept of subjects and disciplines. • Renewable energy
● developing human households. • Industry development
● indigenous materials for replication • Faster and cheaper internet
of Spanish Technology • Increased food production
● Galleon Trade – Acapulco to Manila • Climate change adaptation
– spices, porcelain, silk cloth. HUMAN FLOURISHING IN TERMS OF
AMERICAN PERIOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
● Public Education System
● Engineering works HAPPINESS
● Mining sources ● feelings of joy, satisfaction,
● Nature studies and Sanitation contentment, and fulfillment
● Hospitals, clinics and health centers EUDAIMONIA
● Boulevards, zone district and ● good spirit'
centers of leisure ● pinnacle of happiness
THE NEW REPUBLIC ● Aristotle
● Improving Science and Technology FLOURISHING
capability from limited resources.
 ● experience positive emotions, HUMAN FLOURISHING
positive psychological functioning
● potential or abilities to flourish in ● live a good life
pursuit of individual goals ● deeply values health
● fulfillment of goals INDIVIDUAL LEVEL:
EASTERN FLOURISHING ● growing within
● as a community ● believing in ourselves
● greater good COMMUNITY LEVEL
● opinions coexist ● supported by strong support
WESTERN FLOURISHING systems, institutions, resources,
● Individual norms, and security
● Eudaimonia
● beginning and an end The Magician’s Twin CS Lewis and the
WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY ACCORDING TO case against Scientism
HEIDEGGER?
SCIENTISM
1. Technology is not an instrument
● science and scientific method is the
2. Techonlogy is not a product of
only true source of knowledgE
human activity
3. Technology is the highest danger CS LEWIS'S THREE ANALOGIES
BETWEEN SCIENCE AND MAGIC
VERIFICATION THEORY
1. AS A RELIGION
● only meaningful if it can be verified
2. AS A CREDULITY
through empirical observation or
3. AS A POWER
logical analysis.
VILLAGE OF THE WATERMILLS
Metaphysical and Religious claims?
● Akira Kurosawa
● meaningless and nonsensical
● technologically driven life to a simple
CRITICISM TO VERIFICATION THEORY life that is content with what nature
provides
● cannot be verified through empirical
observation or logical analysis JASON HICKEL
● Too narrow or limited
● FORGET ‘DEVELOPING’ POOR
FALSIFICATION THEORY COUNTRIES, IT’S TIME TO
‘DE-DEVELOP’ RICH COUNTRIES
● tested and potentially proven false
through empirical observation or NEW SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
experimentation GOALS (SDGS)

CRITICISM TO FALSIFICATION THEORY ● ERADICATE POVERTY BY 2030

● GROWTH AS A STRATEGY TO
● Too simplistic ERADICATE POVERTY
 ● DEVELOPING POOR COUNTRIES- CONCEPT OF CARRYING CAPACITY
rich countries to "catch down
● Specification for a machine
FABIAN DAYRIT ● Intrinsic limit of the population
● number of humans the Earth can
● Sustainable Development: An support
Evolving Paradigm in 21st Century
CARBON FOOTPRINTS
The Rise of Environmentalism
● amount of carbon dioxide that is
Three Historical Trends of released by a country, industry, or
Environmentalism individual.

● To preserve nature for its beauty. WATER FOOTPRINT

● The establishment of public
health and sanitation programs. ● measure of the amount of fresh
● The concerns against chemicals water utilized in the production or
and pollution. supply of the goods and services

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINTS (EF)

● satisfy basic requirements and ● measure human impact on the

increase quality of life while
consuming less natural resources
● Social objectives – social
infrastructure for health and
education.
● Economic objectives – attainment of
equitable development and a
reasonable quality of life.
● Environmental objectives – if human
society can live within the capability
of the environment to sustain
society’s material and energy need.
Earth’s ecosystem.
● the renewable resources on the
Earth
Human Development Index (HDI)
● data on life expectancy education
and standard of living
Sustainable National Income (SNI)
● maximum attainable national income
under conditions of sustainability

BRUNDTLAND REPORT Gross National Happiness

● “OUR COMMON FUTURE 1. Economic Wellness

COMPONENTS OF SUSTAINABLE 2. Environmental Wellness

DEVELOPMENTS
3. Wellness of Physical Health
● Environmental-Social
● Environmental-Economic 4. Wellness in Mental Health
● Social-Economic
5. Wellness in Jobs and Labors
6. Social wellness ● a way of approaching science that
involves curiosity
7. Political wellness ● emphasizes the importance of being
open-minded and skeptical, and
SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND relying on empirical evidence
LIFESTYLE ● Richard Phillips Feynman- known
for his work in the path integral
● SUPPLY OR DEMAND
formulation of quantum mechanics
● SUPPLY-SIDE
● DEMAND-SIDE The Concepts of the Public Good: A View
from the Filipino Philosopher
THE GOOD LIFE
Rolando Gripaldo
Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle
● public good refers to goods or
● nature of happiness and the good
benefits that are shared by members
life
of a community or society as a
● achieve happiness
whole
● happiness is achieved internally
through living a virtuous and fulfilling THE TWO CRITERIA FOR PUBLIC
life GOODS
● Includes: wisdom, courage, just, self
control NON-EXCLUDABILITY
● Golden mean-a balance between
excess and deficiency in actions and ● not possible to exclude individuals or
in habits groups

Books VI and X NON -RIVALROUS

Moral Virtues ● consumption of the public good by

one individual or group does not
● Are learned through habit and diminish the amount available for
constant practice of those Virtues others

Intellectual Virtues EUDAIMONIA AND HUMAN

FLOURISHING IN ETHICS AND HUMAN
● Are the kinds of virtues that are DIGNITY BY CHRISTOPHER RYAN
learned by instruction MABOLOC
Practical Wisdom, Prudence or ● applying the concept of eudaimonia
Phronesis to oneself through the cultivation of
virtues that promote human
● to make sound judgments and
flourishing
decisions in real-world situations
● CULTIVATE VIRTUES
Scientific Culture ● PURSUE EXCELLENCE
● DEVELOP SELF-AWARENESS
 ● FOSTER MEANINGFUL
RELATIONSHIPS
● PRACTICE GRATITUDE
That Sugar Film (2015) (documentary)
● Damon Gameau
● the effects of sugar on the human
body
● experiment to consume
teaspoons of sugar per day for 60
days, all from foods that are
commonly perceived as "healthy
● link between sugar consumption and
chronic diseases such as type 2
diabetes, obesity, and heart disease
● greater transparency in food labeling
TOWARDS A GREEN ECONOMY
● a comprehensive analysis of the
opportunities and challenges
associated with a green economy
● provides a clear outline of the
concept of the green economy, its
benefits and principle
WHEN TECHNOLOGY AND HUMANITY
CROSS
Technology
● Greek word “techne” which means
art, and “logos" means word
ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL
● inventor of the telephone
● Electrical speech machine
TECHNOLOGICAL DEVICES
● Television
○ Ultimate medium
advertising placements
● Mobile Phone
○ “must have” among young
filipinos
○ Martin Cooper- made the
first publicized handheld
mobile phone call
● Computer & Laptops
40 ○ Charles Babage- designed
the analytical engine
○ Osborne 1- 1st true portable,
full featured computer
● ROBOT
○ is an actuated mechanism
programmable in two or more
axes with a degree of
autonomy, moving within its
environment, and performing
the intended task.
● SERVICE ROBOTS
○ performs useful tasks for
humans or equipment
including industrial
application.
● TYPES OF SERVICE ROBOTS:
○ Personal Service Robot
■ - it is for personal
use
■ used for
non-commercial task,
usually by laypersons
○ Professional Service Robot
■ it is for professionals
■ used for commercial
task, usually operated
by properly trained
operator.
George Devol
● the first handling material robot
for
employed in industrial production
work
ETHICAL DILEMMAS OF ROBOTS:

● SAFETY
● EMOTIONAL COMPONENT

Isaac Asimov
LAWS OF ROBOTICS:
1. may not injure a human being or
through inaction
2. must obey orders given by human
beings except when such orders
would conflict with the 1st law.
3. must protect its own existence as
long as such protection does not
conflict with the 1st and 2nd laws