Department of Education

REGION III
Division of City of San Fernando
PAMPANGA HIGH SCHOOL
PHS Blvd., Brgy. Lourdes, City of San Fernando, Pampanga
Tel. No. (045) 961-4261 Website: www.pampangahigh.school

SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
Learners’ Material - Quarter 1
GRADE 10 SCIENCE REGULAR

TABLE OF CONTENTS

WEEK TITLE/TOPIC DATES

ONE WEEK CURRICULUM AUGUST 29-30, 2023

1-2 DISTRIBUTION OF ACTIVE VOLCANOES,

EARTHQUAKE EPICENTERS AND MAJOR AUG 31-SEPT 4, 2023
MOUNTAIN BELTS

2
3
TYPES OF PLATE BOUNDARIES SEPT 5-8, 2023
PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS ALONG PLATE
3 SEPT 11-15, 2023
BOUNDARIES

OCEANIC-OCEANIC CONVERGENCE
4 CONVERGING TWO CONTINENTAL PLATES SEPT 18-22, 2023
DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES

5 TRANSFORM FAULT BOUNDARY SEPT 25-29, 2023

HOT SPOT OCT 02-03, 2023
6
STUDYING EARTH’S INTERIOR OCT 04-06, 2023
7 CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY OCT 09-13, 2023
SEAFLOOR SPREADING OCT 16-17, 2023
8 MECHANISM OF PLATE MOVEMENT OCT 18-20, 2023

9 REMEDIATION/ ENRICHMENT SESSIONS OCT 23-24, 2023

9 FIRST QUARTER EXAMINATION OCT 25-27, 2023

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 LEARNERS’ MATERIAL
SCIENCE 10
TEACHING Aug 31-Sept 08,
DATES / WEEK 2023
SCHOOL PAMPANGA HIGH SCHOOL Week – 1 and 2
August 28, 2023-National Heroes
Day (Regular Holiday) - Monday

TEACHER Grade 10 Science Teachers QUARTER FIRST QUARTER

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
This module is owned by the school therefore; you must handle it with care. ALL your
ANSWERS/RESPONSES must be written on a ONE WHOLE SHEET OF PAD PAPER,
which will be submitted to your subject teacher. ALWAYS include your NAME, GRADE and
SECTION, SUBJECT MATTER (SCIENCE 10 REGULAR), and corresponding ACTIVITY
TITLE (which will be written in a text box). You may use the front and back portion of your
paper. Write ANSWERS ONLY.

SAMPLE FORMAT:

Name: Score:

Grade and Section: _________________________Subject Matter: Science 10 Week 2

Activity No.

Science 10 August 31- September 04, 2023 Week 1-2 Day 1

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate understanding of how the relationship among the
locations of volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and mountain ranges.

B. Performance Standard:
The learners should be able to demonstrate ways to ensure disaster
preparedness during earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions.

C. Learning Competency:
The learners should be able to describe and relate the distribution of active
volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts to Plate Tectonic Theory.
● Specific Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:
1. describe the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and
major mountain belts, and
2. determine the scientific basis for dividing the lithospheric plates.
II. CONTENT:
LESSON 1: DISTRIBUTION OF ACTIVE VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKE EPICENTERS
AND MAJOR MOUNTAIN BELTS
III. LEARNING RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide pages:
2. Learner’s Material pages: 3 - 14
3. Teacher’s Manual pages: 3 - 11
4. Textbook pages:
B. Other Learning Resources

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IV. PROCEDURE
(ELICIT)
A. Reviewing previous lesson or presenting the new lesson
PRE-ACTIVITY No. 1.1: Vocabulary Words
(Write your answer on a pad paper)
Before you start your journey about the topic, write words that are associated with
the following terms to assess your prior knowledge and understanding.
Terms Words that are associated with the term
Earthquake
Epicenter
Fault
Lava
Magma
Mountain
Volcano
Magnitude
Focus
Earth’s Crust
Mantle

(ENGAGE)
B. Establishing the purpose for the lesson

Have you ever wondered why our country is blessed with so many land
features such as mountains, mountain ranges like the Sierra Madre and volcanoes
like Mt. Pinatubo, Mt. Apo, and Mt. Mayon? Do you know why the Philippines has
a lot of volcanoes and mountains?

C. Presenting examples/instances of the new lesson

Read the topic “What is Plate Tectonics?” (LM pp. 6-7) and do the activity.

PRE-ACTIVITY No. 1.2: Introduction to Plate Tectonics

(Write your answer on a pad paper)

What is Plate Tectonics?

Earth’s lithosphere consists of layers, the crust and the upper part of the
mantle. This part of the module will focus on the outermost layer which is called crust.
The crust is made of a variety of solid rocks like sedimentary, metamorphic,
and igneous. It has an average density of 2.8 g/cm3 and its thickness ranges from 5
to 50 km. The crust is thickest in a part where a relatively young mountain is present
and thinnest along the ocean floor.

Figure 1: Types of Oceanic Crust

You will notice from Figure 1 that there are two kinds of crust: the thicker but
less dense continental crust and the oceanic crust which is relatively thinner but
denser than continental crust.
According to the plate tectonics model, the entire lithosphere of the Earth is
broken into numerous segments called plates (see Figure 2).

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 Figure 2: Map of Plate Boundaries

As shown in Figure 2, there are seven relatively large plates and a number of
smaller ones, including the Philippine plate. The plates move very slowly but
constantly, and this movement is called tectonics; thus, the theory of moving
lithospheric plates is called plate tectonics.

Answer the following:

1. What is the Earth’s lithosphere made of?
2. How would you describe the crust?
3. What are the two types of crust?
4. Look at Figure 2: Map of Plate tectonics on page 7. What is the difference
between Figure 2 and a regular map?
5. What do you think is the basis for dividing the world in such a manner?

Science 10 August 31- September 04, 2023 Week 1-2 Day 2

(EXPLORE)
D. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #1
Do activity 1.3: “Let’s mark the boundaries” (LM pp. 11-13).
ACTIVITY No. 1.3: Let’s Mark the Boundaries
(Write your answer on a pad paper)
Objectives:
At the end of the activity, you should be able to:
1. describe the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major
mountain belts, and
2. determine the scientific basis for dividing the lithospheric plates.

Materials:
● Figure 5: Map of earthquake distribution
● Figure 6: Map of active volcanoes of the world
● Figure 7: Mountain ranges of the world
● 2 pieces plastic sheet used for book cover, 5.5 in x 8.5 in (half of short bond
paper)
● marking pens (May use two different colors)
Procedure:
1. Study each figure and answer the given guide questions.
2. Figure 5 shows the earthquake distribution around the world. Trace the
approximate locations of several earthquake “clusters” using a marking pen
on one of the plastic sheets. Read and answer the questions.

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 Guide Questions:

Q1. How are earthquakes distributed on the map?

Q2. Where are they located?
Q3. Where are there no earthquakes?
Q4. Why is it important for us to identify areas which are prone to earthquakes?
Study the map of active volcanoes in Figure 6.

Q5. How are the volcanoes distributed?

Q6. Where are they located?
Q7. Based on the map, mention a country that is unlikely to experience a volcanic
eruption.
3. On the second plastic sheet, sketch the approximate locations of several
volcanoes using a marking pen.
4. Place the earthquake plastic sheet over the volcano plastic sheet
Q8. Compare the location of majority of earthquake epicenters with the location of
volcanoes around the world.

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 5. Study Figure 7, the darkest portions of the map indicate mountain ranges of the
world
Figure 7. Mountain ranges of the world

Q9. How will you relate the distribution of mountain ranges with the distribution of
earthquake epicenters and volcanoes?

6. Now that you have seen the location of volcanoes, mountain ranges and
majority of earthquake epicenters, study Figure 7, Map of Plate Tectonics once
more.

Q10. What do you think is the basis for dividing Earth’s lithosphere into several
plates?

(EXPLAIN)
E. Developing mastery
Let’s Study This! Read the notes below:

Based from Activity 2, the earthquakes happening around the world are not
randomly distributed. They often occur near the edges of continents or oceans. Like
earthquakes, the volcanoes around the world are not randomly distributed. Majority of
them are also found along the edges of some continents, particularly in the western
coasts of North and South America, East and Southeast Asia. If you compare the
location of earthquake epicenters with the location of volcanoes, you will notice that
they are both situated in the same locations. Mountain ranges are also found in areas
where volcanoes and/or earthquake epicenters are also located.

The dividing the Earth’s lithosphere into plates is based on geologic activities
such as occurrence of earthquakes (seismicity), volcanism and mountain formation

The places on Earth where most of the earthquakes originated or some

mountains and volcanoes were formed mark the boundaries of each lithospheric plate.
As mentioned earlier, each plate is slowly moving relative to each other, causing
geologic events to happen along their boundaries.

(ELABORATE)
F. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living
After doing the activity, have you noticed where the Philippines is situated in
relation to earthquake epicenters, volcanoes and mountain ranges? If your answer
is yes, then what do you think is the importance of knowing that the Philippines is
prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions?

G. Making generalizations and abstractions about the lesson

After studying Plate Tectonics and the distribution of earthquake epicenters,
volcanoes and major mountain belts, remember the following science concepts:

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 ● Plates are large pieces of the upper few hundred kilometers of Earth that move
as a single unit as it floats above the mantle.
● The plates are in constant motion. As they interact along their margins, important
geological processes take place, such as the formation of mountain belts,
earthquakes, and volcanoes.
● The location of earthquake epicenters, mountain ranges, active volcanoes and
volcanic activity are almost situated at the same area.
● Geologic activities such as occurrence of earthquakes (Seismicity), volcanism
and mountain formation are the scientific bases for dividing the lithospheric
plates.

Science 10 August 31- September 04, 2023 Week 1-2 Day 3

(EVALUATE)
H. Evaluating learning

QUIZ No. 1: Plate Tectonics and Let’s Mark the Boundaries

(Write your answer on a pad paper)
Encircle T if the statement is True and F if it is false.

T F 1. The Earth’s lithosphere is made up of the crust and the upper

mantle.
T F 2. The earthquake epicenters worldwide are randomly distributed.

T F 3. Volcanoes are usually found at the edges of continents.

T F 4. The location of earthquake epicenters is the same with the

location of volcanoes.
T F 5. The basis of dividing the lithospheric plates is the occurrence of
strong typhoons.
T F 6. There are some areas in the global map where there are no
earthquakes.
T F 7. Earth’s crust is divided into 3 namely, Oceanic crust, continental
crust and the mantle.
T F 8. Earthquakes usually occur in the area where there are mountains
and volcanoes.
T F 9. Active volcanoes and volcanic activities are mostly recorded at
the center of the continents.
T F 10. Seismicity and volcanic activity are usually caused by the
movement of tectonic plates.

(EXTEND)
I. Additional activities for application or remediation
POST-ACTIVITY No. 1.4: Find the Center
(Write your answer on a pad paper)
Do you want to know how to locate earthquake epicenters? Do the activity below to
experience how to triangulate earthquake epicenter. Transfer your answers on your
pad paper except for the map of the Philippines (Triangulation method).

Objective:
 Locate the epicenter of an earthquake using the triangulation method.

Materials:
● hypothetical records of earthquake waves
● Philippine map
● drawing compass
● ruler
Procedure:

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1. Study the data showing the difference in the arrival time of P-wave and S-wave
on three seismic recording stations. Accomplished the table after reading the
instructions.
Distance of Distance of
Time difference of
Recording epicenter from epicenter from the
P-wave and S-wave
station the station (km) station (cm)
Td (seconds)
d 100km is to 1 cm

Batangas 46.4 sec

Puerto Princesa 54.4 sec

Davao 41.6 sec

2. Compute the distance of the epicenter from each of the stations using this
formula:
Td
d= x 100 km.
8seconds

Where: d=distance (km)

Td=time difference of P-wave and S-wave (seconds)
This formula is suited because 8 seconds is the interval between P-wave
and S-wave at a distance of 100 km.
3. Choose one of the recording stations and measure the computed distance on the
map scale (the scale of the map on the next page is 1cm = 100 km). Set your
compass for that computed distance.
4. Center your compass on the station you have chosen. Draw a circle. Used the
attached Philippine map.

Note: Refer to page 9-10 for sample computation and procedure No. 4.

5. Repeat procedure 3 and 4 for the rest of the stations. You should get three
circles that intersect or nearly intersect at a point. This intersection is the
epicenter.

Q1. Where is the epicenter of this hypothetical earthquake?

Q2. What difficulty will you encounter if you only have data from two recording
stations?

In the previous activity, the hypothetical earthquake happened locally, that is why
we use the formula stated in the procedure. But, if the earthquake took place from
a far greater distance, seismologists use the distance-time graph similar to the
figure below in determining the location of the epicenter.

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 The distance-time graph above shows that the S-P interval is about 10 minutes.

Q3. What is the distance of the epicenter from the seismic station?

Q4. What do you think is the importance of determining the epicenter of an

earthquake?

Science 10

POST-ACTIVITY No. 1.5: Let’s do this!

(Write your answer on a pad paper)

The statement below are precautionary measures before, during and after an
earthquake. Color the box with Blue – for Before, Yellow for During and Red -After an
earthquake. Transfer your answer on your pad paper.

1. avoid dilapidated walls and electrical posts

2. stock bottled water and canned goods
3. make first aid kit available
4. designate a meeting place for the family
5. execute drills
6. stay calm and do not panic
7. duck cover and hold
8. be aware of gas leaks and live wires
9. do not use stairs, elevators, and escalators

REMEMBER!

1. One of the consequences of moving crustal plates, which is crucial in

studying plate tectonics, is earthquake. Earthquakes can be described
as follows:
● Shallow earthquakes – where the focus is within 60km of the Earth’s
surface
● Intermediate earthquakes – quakes whose focal depth range from 60
km to 300 km
● Deep earthquakes whose origin is more than 300 km to 700 km below
the Earth’s surface.

2. The earthquake focus is the exact point inside the

Focus vs. Epicenter
crust of the earth where the quake begins, while the
epicenter is the point on the earth's surface directly
above the focus. (see figure 5 on the right). This can
be measured using the instrument seismograph.
Seismographs measures and records details of
the earthquake, the force and its duration while
a seismogram is a record of the ground motion
at a recording station.

3. Earthquake releases three types of seismic

waves: Primary waves (P-waves), Secondary
waves (S-waves) and Long surface waves (L-
waves). P and S waves travel into the Earth’s
interior and in different velocities. P-wave and S-
waves do not travel at the same velocities and do
not arrive at the recording station at the same
time. (study figure 6). The farther the recording

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 station from the focus, the greater is the interval between the arrival of the P-wave and
S-wave.

4. The difference between the arrival time of the P and s- wave tell the distance between
the earthquakes’ focus and the recording station. Through this difference, the epicenter
of an earthquake can be determined using the triangulation method.

5. Triangulation method is a way of determining the epicenter of an earthquake through

the information/data (the distance of the earthquake from the station through the time
arrival of the p and s wave converted into centimeters) received from three different
recording stations.

Steps of Triangulation Method

● Measure the time arrival of P and S waves from the recording station (check
seismogram).
● Determine the epicentral distance of the earthquake using the formula
td
d= x 100 km
8s

where: d = distance in kilometer (km)

td = time difference of P – wave and S – wave in second (s)
 Convert the epicentral distance into 1cm = 1 km. Set the drawing compass for
the computed distance.
 Center compass on each 3 specified station and computed distances. Draw a
circle. The point where the 3 circles intersects is the epicenter of the earthquake.
6. A well – known scale used to compare the
strengths of earthquake involves the using of
records (seismograms) of an earthquake’s shock
waves. The scale is known as the Richter
Magnitude scale, was introduced into the
science of seismologist in 1935 by Dr. C. F.
Richter of the California Institute of Technology in
Pasadena. The magnitude of an earthquake is
an estimate of the total amount of energy, release
during fault rapture. The Richter magnitude
determination is based on the measurements
made on the seismograms. Two measurements
are needed: The S-P time interval or difference
and the maximum Amplitude of the seismic
waves.
NOTE: The common intersection point of the three seismic stations determine the
magnitude of an earthquake.

Sample Computation

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Sample for PROCEDURE no. 4

Commonly used rulers:

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CUT

Science 10

Name: Subject:
Grade and Sec: Teacher:

Note:

Don’t forget to attach this map to your

answer sheet or pad paper when you
submit.

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