Jedz Poweplnt

UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
PROPOSED SOLAR POWER PLANT IN CONNER, APAYAO
In partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements of the Subject
Fundamental of Power Plant Engineering Design
Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering
Constancio T. Maslang III

Student
Engr. Emmanuel Miguel

Instructor
DEDICATION
I dedicate this piece of work to the people behind its completion
to god almighty, our creator, strong pillar, our source of
inspiration, wisdom, knowledge and understanding.
I also dedicate this work to my loving parents as my inspiration.

to my mentor, sir Ronnie Reyes for her assistance.to my beloved
school, University of Cagayan Valley.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Iwould like to express my sincere gratitude to the following peop
le for their support and encouragement in helping me complete my
project.
Engr.Ronnie Reyes, the engineering professor at the college, for

his kind support, help, direction, encouragement, and for inspiri
ng us during our trying times.
the parents and siblings of mine.

I feel extremely appreciative of their unwavering moral and finan
cial support, which helps me stay motivated and inspired to do my
best to meet my core demand.
To my church brethren.
Being a brother in Christ to you makes me feel privileged and gra
teful. Your prayers are greatly appreciated for me.
To all of my friends, family members, and classmates for serving

as my motivation.
UCV PHILOSOPHY, VISION AND MISSION
Philosophy
Every man, irrespective of creed and economic status, has the
inherent right and access to quality education.
Vision
The University of Cagayan Valley will be a center of teaching-
learning and research linking the people of Cagayan Valley to the
nation and the world.
Mission
The University of Cagayan Valley is committed to empowering
individuals through quality education, intellectual and
technological advancement and values formation to make a
difference in society.
UCV’s DECALOGUE OF OBJECTIVES

The purpose The University of Cgayan valley as a whole and the
objectives of its University are stipulated in the form of
Decalogue in answer to the varried interest permanet in the
nature but adjusting and confirmatory with the changing demands
of succeeding generations of students influenced by their
respective time and social setting, thus;
1. To provide accessible education of opportunities through
programs and/ or courses designed to meet the needs of students
and community;
2. To provide programs, courses and services in career transfer
and continuing education areas, as needs arise with or without
formal matriculation for a degree;
3. To provide a faculty dedicated to teaching excellence and
the concept that personal and group interchange between students
and instructor is a foremost important;
4. To seek to instill in each studen the ability to think
clearly and critically, communicate effectively ad to asses and
reconcile the concerns he faces;
5. To provide counselling and academic advisement an various

others needed student in developing a healthful self- concept and
becoming a fullyfunction individual ;
6. To provide social cultural and recreational opportunities,
and to make the facilities and services of the college available
to entire community;
7. To seize every opportunity through courses, services and
counselling, and activities to help every student develop ah
guiding set of personal values, standards and behavioral
criteria,
8. To develop an aporec of the social forces that come into
play in the historical and cultural milieu and one’s role as a
productive citizn and as an agent of change;
9. To develop a climate which encourages the continuous

examination of improvement and implementation of college programs
and services together with the instructional processess and
practices designed to further them; and
10. To promote in every way possible an atmosphere of
cooperation, partnership and trust aming the faculty,
administration and board of trustees in implementing the
Philosophy, Vision, Mission, and objectives of the College.
PREFACE
This book is intended to provide reference for the

incoming Mechanical Engineering Students of UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN
VALLEY.
It is expected that mechanical engineering students

must be equipped with the power plant design through the Peak
load, Plant capacity, Average load, Foundation, Bill of materials
, and etc.
Futhermore, the student must have a basic knowledge

on how to make power plant design.
APPROVAL SHEET
The thesis attached hereto entitled “SOLAR POWER PLANT” prepare

and submitted by BRENT JOSEPH B. URBINA in partial fullfillment
of the requirements for graduation with the Degree of Bachelorof
science in Mechanical Engineering.
___________________________
ENGR. EMANNUEL MIGUEL
ADVISER
Accepted in partial fullfillment of the requirement for the

Degree of Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering
___________________________
ENGR. RONNIE REYES
DEAN, COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I REQUIREMENTS OF POWER PLANT DESIGN
CHAPTER II Power House Survey
CHAPTER III Basis of Assumption
CHAPTER IV Transformer sheet
CHAPTER V Maximum Demand
CHAPTER VI Normal Daily Load Curve
CHAPTER VII Unit Combination

CHAPTER VIII Choice of Power Plant Site
CHAPTER IX Specification
Machine Equipment
Foundation
Building
CHAPTER X Bill of Materials
CHAPTER I
REQUIREMENTS OF POWER PLANT DESIGN
I. ASSIGNMENT OF LOAD AREA:
1. Secure a map of a town (probably your own home town) or
city and plot the proper load area assigned to you. Magnify
your load area to a sheet of about 12 ft².
2. Fill up the vacant lots and spaces with future
subdivisions and developments five years hence.
3. Print two or three copies of this layout maps. Preserve
the original tracing for final submission and use the other
prints as working sheet.
II.POWER LOAD SURVEY:

4. Conduct a power market survey of your power load area
placing the layout map the various types of existing
customer’s potential and probable future customers within
the next five years.
III.LOAD DISTRIBUTIONS:
5. Group connected loads, the necessary distribution
transformers.
6. For each group, determine the number of potential
customers in each class for every year for the next five
year.
7. Estimate the average KW-HR. monthly consumption per
customer for each class, for each year for the next five
year.
8. Determine the estimated probable total annual kilowatt
hours consumption for the next five years.
9. Indicate the necessary feeder circuits and the
necessary sub-stations.
IV.LOAD DEMAND:
10. Draw a one-line diagram of electrical distribution
system; noting the type and amount of the Connected load
CL, group under each. Distribution Transformers- computing
and noting maximum demands.
a. Maximum demand on each connected loads.
b. Maximum demand on each distribution transformer.
c. Maximum demand on each feeder circuit,
d. Maximum demand on each sub-station,
e. Maximum demand on the power Plant.

11. Applying an estimated percentage to cover power plant
consumption of plant accessories and Auxiliaries and
kilowatt hours, transmission losses, determine the
kilowatt-hour to be generated annually. Determine the total
capacity of the plant.
12. Determine and tabulate the probable average daily load
and plot it to scale and draw the daily load curve.
V.TYPES AND LOCATION OF POWER PLANT:

13. Approximate and indicate power plant load area. The
power load contour for the next five years.
14. Choose the type of power plant:
 steam
 diesel
 hydro-electric
 solar power plant
Give reasons.
15. Choose the site of the power plant, discussing the
reason for choosing and indicate the site on the plant
layout.
VI. CHOOSING AVAILABLE STANDBY UNITS:

16. Canvass the local market for available standby units;
ask for manufacturers catalog, brochures and other
lecturing for specifications, dimensions, weight, and
others.
17. With the average daily load curve, study at least three
combinations of chosen available standard units and choose
the combinations that give balance between the factors
involve and the number and sizes of standard units to be
installed.
18. Tabulate the daily operating schedule of the chosen
units to be installed as fitted in the daily load curve.
VII.CHOOSING THE PRIME MOVERS, ACCESSORIES, AND

AUXILLIARIES:
19. Completely specify the machinery of the power plant.
VIII. FOUNDATION DESIGN AND OTHER DETAILS:

20. Design and detail the foundation for all heavy
machinery and equipment.
21. In addition, design and detail the following:
a. For steam – the boiler setting, foundation and chimney
or stack.
b. For diesel – the cooling tower, silencer and fuel oil
tanks.
c. For hydro – plant – pen-stock and surge tank
22. Draw the scale model of your piping diagram in the
conventional colors showing the flow of:
a. fuel
b. water
c. air
d. gas
e. and others
IX. POWER PLANT LAYOUT:

23. Draw the complete and indicate in detail the plant
layout in the plan and additional view including the
building, overhead cranes, offices, switch board rooms,
men’s rooms, and others.
X. POWER PLANT ECONOMICS:

24. Using the current prices, estimate the first cost of
the plant.
25. Compute for the semi-monthly fuel delivered.
26. Itemize list of other fixed and variable operating
expenses.
27. Determine the following;
a. Cost per Kilowatt-hour installed.
b. Cost per Kilowatt-hour produced.
c. Cost per Kilowatt-hour delivered.
28. Allowing reasonable Rate of Return (less than 12% of
fixed units). Show computation for at least three power
rate schedules and choose the best schedule for the power
plant. Give reason for choosing.
29. With the chosen rate schedule, check the probable
annual profit (less than 12% of the fixed assets).

Bind and submit with the original drawings of all

pertinent papers and drawings.
CHAPTER II
POWER HOUSE SURVEY
LIST OF ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES WITH THEIR

STANDARD RATINGS
Rice cooker 600W
T.V 50W
CCTV camera recorder 50W
Toaster 800W
Microwave oven 650W
1500
Shower Heater W
Flourescent 20W
Pin Light 50W
CCTV 10W
Wall ligth 70W
Blender 300W
Computer 30W
Cellphone 10W
1125
Water heater W
Water dispencer 250W
Internet 5W
Lights 24W
Incandescent lamp 15W
DVD player 50W

T.V 50W
Blender 300W
Computer 30W
Lights 240W
Cellphone 40W
Pin light 200W
T.V 50W
Lights -4 96W
Cellphone 2 10W
Lights 240W
Computer 30W
Printer 20W
Xerox machine 50W
Projector 150W
CCTV 40W
CCTV camer recorder 50W
Water dispencer 250W
Emergency light 30W
Pin light 200W
Videoke 500W
Vacuum 1 1000W
Lights 50 24W
Computer 10 30W
Printer 5 20W
Xerox machine 2 50W
Projector 3 150W
CCTV 15 10W
CCTV camera
recorder 5 50W
Water dispencer 4 250W
Emergency light 15 10W
Pin light 50 50W
Cellphone 25 10W
Telphone 5 2W
T.V 4 50W
Internet 5 5W
Flourescent 10 40W
Lights 100 24W

Computer 3 30W
Printer 1 20W
Projector 2 150W
Flourescent 8 20W
T.V 2 50W
Lights 120 24W
Computer 15 30W
Printer 2 20W
Projector 2 150W
Flourescent 10 20W
T.V 3 50W
Lights 6 24W
Flourescent 2 20W
Sound system 1 500W
T.V 2 50W
Lights 15 24W
Pinn lights 10 50W
Flourescent 4 20W
Lights 4 24W
Lights 8 24W
cctv 4 10W
CAMERA RECORDER 1 50W
Lights 4 24W
Lights 24 100W
Pin lights 50 50W
Flourescent 40 24W
Fire alarm 1 12W
Water Dispencer 3 250W
Emergency ligth 5 10W
T.V 4 50W
Ceiling Fan 4 12W
CCTV 6 10W
CCTV camera
recorder 3 50W
Computer 5 30W
Printer 2 20W
Nebulizer 3 7W
Xray machine 1 6W
Ultrasound 1 3W
SOUND SYSTEM 500W
Lights 4 24W
xerox machine 2 50W
printer 2 20W
computer 1 30W
Lights 2 24W
Light 5 24W
T.V 1 50W
Lights 3 24W
Lights 10 24W
Computer2 30W
Electric kettle1 1125W
T.V1 50W
Water Dispencer2 250W
Emergency Light2 10W
Flourescent5 24W
Printer1 20W
Welding Machine1 3000W
Ligth2 24W
Light 10 24W
Pin light10 50W
Flourescent5 24W
Emergency light2 10W
Light20 24W
Water dispencer10 250W
Shower heater10 1500W
T.V10 50W
Pin light30 50W
Light100 24W
T.V4 50W
Computer10 30W
Printer2 20W
Xerox machine1 50W
CCTV 10 10W
CAMERA RECORDER 5 50W
Flourescent40 24W
Fire Alarm2 12W
SOUND SYSTEM 2 500W

Light5 24W
Blender1 300W
Microwave1 650W
Oven1 2500W
Light 5 24W
FLOURESCENT 2 24WW
Electric kettle1 1125W
Light3 24W
GENERAL POWER SERVICES

Aircon 2 1HP
Water pump 1 1HP
Electric fan .5HPH
5 P
EXHAUST FAN 2 .5HP
Aircon 1HP
Water pump 1HP
Ref 1HP
Freezer 1HP
Washing
Machine 1HP
Electric fan .5HP
Exhauust fan .5HP
Water pump 1HP
Ref 1HP
Washing
Machine 1HP
Electric fan .5HP
SHOWER HEATER .5HP
Electric fan .5HP
Aircon 6 1HP
Water pump 1 1HP
Electric fan
10 .5HP
EXHAUST FAN 4 .5HP
Aircon 2 1HP
Water pump 1 1HP

Wall fan 24 .5HP
stand fan 10 .5HP
Aircon 3 1HP
Water pump 1 1HP
wall fan 30 .5HP
stand fan 15 .5HP
EXHAUST FAN 6 .5HP
MILLING
MACHINE 1HP
Motor
Strainer 1HP
electric fan1 .5HP
EXHAUST FAN 2 .5HP
wall fan 8 .5HP
ceiling fan 2 .5HP
stand fan 5 .5HP
Ref 1 1HP
Freezer 1 1HP
electric fan1 .5HP
Freezer 1 1HP
Ref 1 1HP
ELECTRIC FAN
2 1HP
Compressor 1 1HP
ELECTRIC FAN
1 .5HP
STAND FAN 4 .5HP
CEILING FAN 2 .5HP
Water Pump 1 1HP
Aircon 7 1HP
ELECTRIC FAN
20 .5HP
Exhaust fan 2 .5HP
ELECTRIC FAN
2 .5HP
Water pump 1HP
ELECTRIC FAN
1 .5HP
ref 1 1HP
ELECTRIC FAN
2 1HP
Ceiling fan 2 .5hp

ELECTRIC FAN
2 1HP
Aircon 3 1HP
Water pump 1 1HP
ELECTRIC FAN
5 .5HP
Air
compressor 1 1HP
Water Pump 1 1HP
Fuel Pump 1 1HP
Air
Compressor 1 1HP
ELECTRIC FAN
2 .5HP
EXHAUST FAN .5HP
Aircon 4 1HP
Water pump 1 1HP
ELECTRIC FAN
10 .5HP
Aircon 6 1HP
Water pump 1 1HP
Sprinkler 1HP
ELECTRIC FAN
20 .5HP
CEILING FAN
40 .5HP
EXHAUST FAN 6 .5HP
Exhaust fan4 .5W
ELECTRIC FAN
2 .5HP
ELECTRIC FAN
2 .5HP
EXHAUST FAN 1 .5HP
Table saw 1HP
Electric
Drill2 1/5HP
Planer2 5HP
ELECTRIC FAN
2 .5HP
CHAPTER III
BASIS OF
ASSUMPTION
RESIDENTIAL
TYPE A
1 Household
1 Rice cooker 600W 600W
2 T.V 50W 100W
1 CCTV cam recorder 50W 50W
1 Toaster 800W 800W
1 Microwave oven 650W 650W
1500
2 Shower Heater W 3000W
4 Flourescent 20W 80W
4 Pin Light 50W 200W
4 CCTV 10W 40W
4 Wall ligth 70W 280W
1 Blender 300W 300W
2 Computer 30W 60W
8 Cellphone 10W 80W
1125
1 Water heater W 1125W
1 Water dispencer 250W 250W
1 Internet 5W 5W
15 Lights 24W 360W
2 Incandescent lamp 15W 30W
1 DVD player 50W 50W
TOTA 8.055K
L W

2 Aircon 1HP 1492W
1 Water pump 1HP 746W
1 Ref 1HP 746W
1 Freezer 1HP 746W
Washing
1 Machine 1HP 746W
4 Electric fan .5HP 1492W
3 Exhauust fan .5HP 1119W
TYPE B
1 T.V 50W 50W
1 Blender 300W 300W
1 Computer 30W 30W
10 Lights 24W 240W
4 Cellphone 10W 40W
4 Pin light 50W 200W
TOTAL 860W

1 Ref 1HP 746W
Washing
1 Machine 1HP 746W
1 SHOWER HEATER .5HP 373W
TYPE C
1 T.V 50W 50W
4 Lights -4 24W 96W
2 Cellphone 2 5W 10W
TOTA 1.956K
L W

Commercial Establishment
Barangay Hall
10 Lights 24W 240W
2 Computer 30W 30W
1 Printer 20W 20W
1 Xerox machine 50W 50W
1 Projector 150W 150W
4 CCTV 10W 40W
CCTV camer
1 recorder 50W 50W
3 Emergency light 10W 30W

1 Videoke 500W 500W
TOTA 1.099K
L W

2 Aircon 1HP 1492W
.5HPH
5 Electric fan P 1865W
2 EXHAUST FAN .5HP 746W
Municipal Hall
1000
1 Vacuum W 1000W
50 Lights 24W 1200W
10 Computer 30W 300W
5 Printer 20W 100W
15 CCTV 10W 150W
CCTV camera
5 recorder 50W 250W
15 Emergency light 10W 150w
25 Cellphone 10W 250W
5 Telphone 2W 10W
4 T.V 50W 200W
5 Internet 5W 25W
TOTA 8.085K
L W

6 Aircon 1HP 4476W
Elementary School
100 Lights 24W 2400W

3 Computer 30W 90W
1 Printer 20W 20W
2 T.V 50W 100W
TOTAL 3320W
2 Aircon 1HP 1492W

24 Wall fan .5HP 8952W
10 stand fan .5HP 3730W
14920
W
HIGH SCHOOL
120 Lights 120 24W 2880W

2 Printer 20W 40W
3 T.V 50W 150W
TOTAL 4520W

3 Aircon 1HP 2238W
30 wall fan .5HP 11190W
22007W
CORN/RICE MILL
6 Lights 24W 144W


TOTAL 184W

1 MILLING MACHINE 1HP 746W
1 Motor Strainer 1HP 746W
1 electric fan .5HP 373W
2611W
CHURCH
1 Sound system 500W 500W

2 T.V 50W 100W
15 Lights 24W 360W
10 Pinn lights 50W 500W
TOTAL 1540W

8 wall fan .5HP 2984W
2 ceiling fan .5HP 746W
5595W
SARI-SARI STORE
4 Lights 24W 96W

TOTAL 96W
1 Ref 1HP 746W
1 Freezer 1HP 746W
1 electric fan .5HP 373W
1865W
DRUG STORE
8 Lights 24W 192W

4 cctv 10W 40W
1 CAMERA RECORDER 50W 50W
TOTAL 378W

1 Freezer 1HP 746W
1 Ref 1HP 746W
2 ELECTRIC FAN 1HP 746W
22382W
MOTOR PARTS
4 Lights 24W 96W

TOTAL 96W

1 Compressor 1HP 746W
1 ELECTRIC FAN .5HP 373W
1119W
PLAY COURT GYM
24 Lights 100W 2400W

TOTAL 2400W

4 STAND FAN .5HP 1492W
2 CEILING FAN .5HP 746W
2238W
HOSPITAL
50 Pin lights 50W 2500W

1 Fire alarm 12W 12W
3 Water Dispencer 250W 750W
5 Emergency ligth 10W 50W
4 T.V 50W 200W
4 Ceiling Fan 12W 46W

6 CCTV 10W 60W
3 CCTV camera recorder 50W 150W
5 Computer 30W 150W
2 Printer 20W 40W
3 Nebulizer 7W 21W
1 Xray machine 6W 6W
1 Ultrasound 3W 3W
1 SOUND SYSTEM 500W 500W
TOTAL 5298W

1 Water Pump 1HP 746W
7 Aircon 1HP 5222W
2 Exhaust fan .5HP 746W
14174W
PRINTING SHOP
4 Lights 24W 96W
2 xerox machine 50W 100W
2 printer 20W 40W
1 computer 30W 30W
TOTAL 266W

WATER REFILLING STATION

2 Lights 24W 48W
TOTAL 48W

1119W
RESTAURANT
5 Light 24W 120W
1 T.V 50W 50W
TOTAL 170W
1 ref 1HP 746W
2 Ceiling fan .5hp 746W
2238W
FARM SUPPLY
3 Lights 24W 72W
TOTAL 72W
PNP/BFP HEADQUARTERS
10 Lights 24W 240W
2 Computer 30W 60W
1 Electric kettle 1125W 1125W
1 T.V 50W 50W
2 Water Dispencer 250W 500W
2 Emergency Light 10W 20W
1 Printer 20W 20W
TOTAL 2135W

3 Aircon 1HP 2238W
4849W
VULCANIZING AND WELDING SHOP

1 Welding Machine 3000W 3000W
2 Ligth 24W 48W
TOTAL 3048W
1 Air compressor 1HP 746W

TOTAL 746W
GASOLINE STATION
10 Light 24W 240W
2 Emergency light 10W 20W
TOTAL 880W
1 Water Pump 1HP 746W

1 Fuel Pump 1HP 746W
1 Air Compressor 1HP 746W
3357W
HOTEL
20 Light 24W 480W
15000
10 Shower heater 1500W W
10 T.V 50W 500W
19980
TOTAL W
4 Aircon 1HP 2984W

7424W
COLLEGE UNIVERSITIES
100 Light 24W 2400W

4 T.V 50W 200W
2 Printer 20W 40W
10 CCTV 10W 100W
5 CAMERA RECORDER 50W 250W
2 Fire Alarm 12W 24W
2 SOUND SYSTEM 500W 1000W
5824W
6 Aircon 1HP 4476W

1 Sprinkler 1HP 746W
40 CEILING FAN .5HP 14920W
4 Exhaust fan .5W 1492W
31332W
BAKERY
5 Light 24W 120W
1 Blender 300W 300W
1 Microwave 650W 650W
1 Oven 2500W 2500W
TOTAL 3450W

746W
FUNERAL PARLOR
5 Light 24W 120W
2 FLOURESCENT 24WW 48W
1 Electric kettle 1125W 1125W
TOTAL 1543W

1119W
HARDWARE AND LUMBER

3 Light 24W 72W
TOTAL 72W
1 Table saw 1HP 746W

2 Electric Drill 1/5HP 298.4W
2 Planer 5HP 7460W
TOTAL 9250.4W
CHAPTER IV
TRANSFORMER
SHEET
CHAPTER V
MAXIMUM LOAD DEMAND
POWER DISTRIBUTION DIAGRAM
POWERPLANT
SUBSTATION
FEEDER 1 FEEDER 2 FEEDER 3
TRANSFORMERS TRANSFORMERS TRANSFORMERS
1-126 126-252 252-378

FEEDER 1:
BARANGAY RATED POWER (KVA)
GUINA-ANG 767.000481
MANAG 1159.525045
KATABLANGAN 270.6367152
ILI 826.2392541
GUINAMGAMAN 671.8199113
TALIFUGO 662.103378
PADDAOAN 1147.073893
TOTAL : 5504.3986047
FEEDER 2:
NABBUANGAN 331.3859775
MALAMA 1086.510275
RIPANG 570.2949664
CAGLAGYAN 728.6416413
ALLANGIGAN 278.5369528
CUPIZ 126.5022389
CALAFUG 493.8395875
TOTAL : 3615.7116394
FEEDER 3:
KARIKITAN 899.3233671
MAWIGUE 442.3794097
BULUAN 941.6222933
BANBAN 562.7162165
DAGA 547.3134569
PUGUIN 146.0854822
SACPIL 452.9244727
TOTAL : 3992.3646984
TOTAL NUMBER OF CONSUMERS

RESIDENTIAL:
TYPE-A = 847
TYPE-B =3494
TYPE-C =2291
COMMERCIAL LIGHTINGS:
BARANGAY HALL = 21
MUNICIPAL HALL/CAPITOL = 1
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL = 21
HIGH SCHOOL = 4
CORN/RICE MILL = 5
CHURCH = 21
CHAPEL = 21
SARI-SARI STORE = 143
CLINIC = 3
DRUGSTORE = 2
MOTOR PARTS & CAR SHOP = 5
PLAY COURT AND GYMNASIUM = 21
HOSPITAL = 2
PHOTO AND VIDEO CENTER = 3
PRINTING SHOP = 3
WATER RIFILLING STATION =4
INTERNET SHOP = 3
RESTAURANT =10
FARM SUPPLY =6
PNP/BJMP/BFP HEADQUARTERS=1
HOTEL =2
VULCANIZING/WELDING SHOP =9
GASOLINE STATION =2
BAKERY =17
GROCERY =3
PUBLIC MARKET =1
FUNERAL PARLOR =2
BARBER SHOP/BEAUTY PARLOR=6
FURNITURE SHOP =2
PANCITERIA =5
5,504.3986047 KW
FEEDER 1 = =4,234.15277285 KW
1.3
3,615.7116394 KW
FEEDER 2 = =2,781.31664569 KW
1.3
3,992.3646984 KW
FEEDER 3 = =3,071.049768 KW
1.3
MAXIMUM DEMAND ON SUB-STATION

(Use 1.2 diversity factor between feeders.)
SUB- STATION = F1 +F2+F3

1.2
SUB- STATION 1=
4,234.15277285+2,781.31664569+3,071.049768 KW
=8,405.43265545 KVa
1.2
MAXIMUM DEMAND ON POWER PLANT

(Use 1.1 diversity factor between sub-station)
POWER PLANT CAPACITY = Sub-Station1

1.1
POWER PLANT CAPACITY
8,405.43265545 KVa
= =7,641.302 KVa
1.1
Note* 5% of load losses
INSTALLED CAPACITY = PPC + (PPC×0.05)

INSTALLED CAPACITY = 7,641.302 KVa + ¿ × 0.05)
INSTALLED CAPACITY = 8,023.3671 KVa
PEAK LOAD = (PPC + (5% * PPC) * .85

PEAK LOAD = (7,641.302+ (5% * 7,641.302) * .85
= 7966.0573 Kva*0.8
=6372.85kW*1000
=6,372,850W
CHAPTER VI
THE DAILY LOAD CURVE
The load curve or chronological curve is the graphical
representation of load (in KW or MW) in proper time sequence and
the time in hours. It shows variation of load on the power
station. When the load curve is plotted for 24 hours a day, then
it is called daily load curve. The power load curve of the power
system is not the same all the day.
The starting period of the curve load is at 12:00 midnight.
For some reason that other home appliances and some commercial
establishments are still operating at this hour and consuming a
small portion of power.

By the time of 1:00 am-3:00 am there will be a decreasing
effect from the curve load. Some home appliances are turned off
to consume power.
There will be moderate increase by the time of 4:00 am up to
5:00 am because some consumers are waking up to start their day.
Some commercial establishments are also preparing to operate at
this early hour to give service to the community.
At 6:00 am- 8:00 am the load is slightly increasing because
almost of the consumers are consuming power by starting their
daily work. Commercial establishments are also opening up their
businesses, schools and offices are also starting up. By the time
goes by the load will constantly increase until 11:00 am. This
time, the load is at high demand because almost all appliances
are operating from houses to other establishments.
There will be a slightly decreasing effect at the time of
12:00 nn-1:00 pm for the reason of noontime break of schools and
offices and other establishment.
At 1:00 pm-4:00 pm the demand is increasing. Appliances like
air conditioner, electric fan and other appliances are almost at

their maximum level because of the temperature. Other
establishments too are still operating and consuming a high load.
By 4:00 pm-5:00 pm, the demand may decrease because schools
and offices are closing and some commercials establishments are
preparing to close.
But the load may gradually increase by 5:00 pm- 8:00 pm
because consumers are back at their homes and appliances from
home are operating and consuming power.
From 8:00 pm-10:00 pm, there will be a constant increase of
load because of the continuous consumption of power by the
consumers. Some commercial establishments are also operating by
this time like convenience store and other businesses open until
late night.
For the time of 10:00 pm-12 midnight, it may decrease
because some consumers are already at sleep and almost all
commercial establishments are close.
This load curve is based from the survey of load conditions,
and geographic distribution of load from the town which the
proper plant is stand up.

DATAS OF DAILY LOAD CURVE:
MORNING
Time 12am 1am 2am 3am 4am 5am 6am 7am 8am 9am 10am 11am 12am
(hrs.)
Load(KV 1500 1300 1100 900 700 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900
)
EVENING
Time(hr 1pm 2pm 3pm 4pm 5pm 6pm 7pm 8pm 9pm 10p 11pm 12p
s.) m m
Load(KV 2100 2300 250 270 2500 2300 250 270 290 270 2500 230
) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
AREA OF DAILY CURVE LOAD
A= Pn 1+2 Pn2 × time
1500+1300
A1= (12mn-1am) = ×1 hr .=1400 kw−hr
2
1300+1100
A2= (1am-2am) = ×1 hr .=1200 kw−hr
2
1100+900
A3= (2am-3am) = × 1hr .=1000 kw−hr
2
900+700
A4= (3am-4am) = × 1hr .=800 kw−hr
2
700+500
A5= (4am-5am) = ×1 hr .=600 kw−hr
2
500+700
A6= (5am-6am) = ×1 hr .=600 kw−hr
2
700+900
A7= (6am-7am) = × 1hr .=800 kw−hr
2
900+1100
A8= (7am-8am) = × 1hr .=1000 kw−hr
2
1100+1300
A9= (8am-9am) = ×1 hr .=1200 kw−hr
2
1300+1500
A10= (9am-10am)= ×1 hr .=1400 kw−hr
2
1500+1700
A11= (10am-11am)= ×1 hr .=1600 kw−hr
2
1700+1900
A12= (11am-12am)= ×1 hr .=1800 kw−hr
2
2300+2100
A13= (12pm-1pm)= ×1 hr .=2200 kw−hr
2
2100+2300
A14= (1pm-2pm) = ×1 hr .=2200 kw−hr
2
2300+2500
A15= (2pm-3pm) = ×1 hr .=2400 kw−hr
2
2500+2700
A16= (3pm-4pm) = ×1 hr .=2600 kw−hr
2
2700+2500
A17= (4pm-5pm) = ×1 hr .=2600 kw−hr
2
2500+2300
A18= (5pm-6pm) = ×1 hr .=2400 kw−hr
2
2300+2500
A19= (6pm-7pm) = ×1 hr .=2400 kw−hr
2
2500+2700
A20= (7pm-8pm) = ×1 hr .=2600 kw−hr
2
2700+2900
A21= (8pm-9pm) = ×1 hr .=2800 kw−hr
2
2900+2700
A22= (9pm-10pm) = ×1 hr .=2800 kw−hr
2
2700+2500
A23= (10pm-11pm) = ×1 hr .=2600 kw−hr
2
2500+2300
A24= (11pm-12am) = ×1 hr .=2400 kw−hr
2
Total: 43,400 Kw-hr
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
1a 2a 3a 4a 5a 6a 7a 8a 9a 0a 1a 2a 1p 2p 3p 4p 5p 6p 7p 8p 9p 0p 1p 2a
n- 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9-1 0-1 1-1 m - 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9-1 0-1 -1
m 1 1 2p 1 pm
12 1 11
Series 1 series2
CHAPTER VII
UNIT COMBINATION
The load curve is base from the survey of load conditions,

and geographic distribution from the town which the power plant
is stand up.
Energy required from the PV panels

Capacity of PV panel total WP = P (MW) / (h/day of “peak sun”)
Capacity of PV panel total WP = 43,400 Kw-hr
/4.5(h/day)=9,644.44kW
total watt peak rating

The number of PV modules needed =
PV module rated output
The number of PV panels needed = 9,644.44 /460W= 20.97modules
Energy (kWh/year) = Pac (kW) * (h/day of “peak sun”) * 365 days
Energy (kWh/year) =43,400 MW * 4.5 h/day * 365days
Energy (kWh/year) = 71,284,500kW/year
Inverter size
71,284,500 x 125
Inverter size = = 89,105,625kW
100
Number of inverter = inverter ¿ ¿ rated power of inverter ¿
89,105,625
Number of inverter = = 101.455 inverters
2091
maximum open circuit voltage of inverter
Number of modules in series =
open circuit voltage of each module
1500
Number of modules in series = = 30.3 modules
49.5
CHAPTER VIII
CHOICE OF POWER
PLANT SITE
Power Plant Chosen: Solar power plant
Solar energy is defined as solar radiation that can generate

heat, cause chemical processes, or generate electricity. The
overall amount of solar energy incident on Earth far exceeds the
world's current and projected energy needs. This highly
distributed source has the ability to meet all future energy
demands if properly exploited. Solar energy is predicted to
become increasingly appealing as a renewable energy source in the
twenty-first century due to its infinite supply and nonpolluting
nature, in contrast to the finite fossil fuels coal, petroleum,
and natural gas.
The Sun is an enormously powerful energy source, and sunlight is

by far the most important source of energy received by Earth;
nonetheless, its intensity at the Earth's surface is rather
modest. This is the case.
ADVANTAGE OF SOLAR POWER
 100% inexhaustible energy, which is renewable and free;

 No toxic or polluting emissions into the air;
 Reduces the use of fossil fuels;
 Increasingly competitive energy source;
 Reduces the need to rely on the electricity grid or
natural gas;
 Subsidies for self-supply;
 Key measure against climate change;
 Generates wealth and local employment.
POWER PLANT SITE
I choose the Barangay Malama to be the site of the plant due to

its pleasing location that meets the plant requirements. It is
accessible of sunlight since the location is perfect site for the
solar energy.
AREA
Conner is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Apayao,

Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population
of 8,005 people in 6,564 households.
GEOGRAPHY
Apayao is basically situated within the Cordillera
Central mountains, traversed by many rivers. The province covers
an area of 4,413.35 square kilometres (1,704.00 sq mi)[34] forming
the northern tip of the Cordillera Administrative Region, and is
bounded on the north and east by Cagayan, west by Ilocos Norte,
southwest by Abra and south by Kalinga.
The province is geographically subdivided into Upper
Apayao (composed of the upland municipalities: Calanasan, Conner
and Kabugao) and Lower Apayao (the lowland municipalities: Luna,
Pudtol, Flora and Sta. Marcela).
Plains and valleys are used for farming. Apayao is basically
composed of farmlands
TOPOGRAPHY
Upper Apayao with 3 municipalities occupies 67.2% of the total
land area and has mountainous topography classified by towering
peaks, plateaus and intermittent patches of valleys. Lower Apayao
on the other hand with 4 municipalities is 32.8% of the total
land area is generally flat with rolling mountains and plateaus.
SLOPE
Apayao, officially the Province of Apayao (Ilocano: Probinsia ti
Apayao; Filipino: Lalawigan ng Apayao), is a
landlocked province in the Philippines in the Cordillera
Administrative Region in Luzon. Kabugao serves as its capital.
The provincial capitol and its associated offices are located at
the New Government Center in Luna.
The province borders Cagayan to the north and
east, Abra and Ilocos Norte to the west, and Kalinga to the
south. Prior to 1995, Kalinga and Apayao comprised a single
province named Kalinga-Apayao, which was partitioned to better
service the needs of individual ethnic groups.
With a population of 124,366 (as of the 2020 census) covering an
area of 4,413.35 square kilometres (1,704.00 sq mi), Apayao is
the least densely-populated province in the Philippines.
LAND CLASSIFICATION
By 20th century, Apayao is predominated by the Isneg people. They
are located primarily in the highland municipalities
of Kabugao and Calanasan. Majority of them live in scattered
settlements along the upper reaches of the Apayao-Abulug River;
while some along a major tributary of the Matalag River in Conner
With a population of 124,366 (as of the 2020 census)covering an
area of 4,413.35 square kilometres (1,704.00 sq mi),Apayao is the
least densely-populated province in the Philippines.
CLIMATE
he prevailing climate in the province falls under Corona's Type
III Classification. It is characterized by relatively dry and wet
seasons, from November to April, and wet during the rest of the
year. Heaviest rain during December to February while the month
of May is the warmest.
Administrative divisions
Apayao comprises 7 municipalities, all encompassed by a lone

legislative district.
Political divisions
The 7 municipalities of the province comprise a total of

133 barangays, with Barangay Malama in Conner as the most
populous in 2015, and Eleazar in Calanasan as the least.
Population ±% p.a. Area[34] Density Barangay

Municipality [i]
(2020)[36] (2015[37] km2 sq mi /km2 /sq mi

Calanasan 10.1% 12,550 12,604 −0.08% 1,256.15 485.00 10.0 26 18
Conner 22.2% 27,552 26,051 +1.07% 694.30 268.07 40 100 21
Flora 14.4% 17,944 17,391 +0.60% 413.38 159.61 43 110 16
Kabugao † 13.0% 16,215 15,537 +0.82% 935.12 361.05 17 44 21
Luna 17.1% 21,297 19,063 +2.13% 606.04 233.99 35 91 22

Pudtol 12.5% 15,491 14,925 +0.71% 401.02 154.83 39 100 22
Santa Marcela 10.7% 13,317 13,613 −0.42% 196.32 75.80 68 180 13
T OTAL 124,366 119,184 +0.81% 4,413.35 1,704.00 28 73 133
† Provincial capital Municipality

Population ±% p.a. Area[34] Density Barangay

Municipality [i]
(2020)[36] (2015[37] km2 sq mi /km2 /sq mi
1. ^ The globe icon marks

the town center.
The latitude for Apayao, Philippines is: 18.01203 and the
longitude is: 121.171039.
Apayao Latitude: 18.01203
Apayao Longitude: 121.171039
Latitude DMS: 18°0'43.31"N
Longitude DMS: 121°10'15.74"E
UTM Easting: 306,367.75
UTM Northing: 1,992,472.36
UTM Zone: 51Q
Geohash: wennmqfp9vg2
Position from Earth's Center: E
Elevation: 119.34 Meters (391.54 Feet)
District: Apayao
Province: Cordillera Administrative Region
Province Abbreviation: CAR
Country: Philippines
Country Code: PH
Country Code Alpha-3: PHL
Country Continent: Asia
Time Zone: Asia/Manila
Time Zone Abbreviation: +08
Daylight Saving Time: No
UTC/GMT Difference: +08:00
Current Time: Thursday May 25th 1:41am
Solar Panel Tilt Angle = 0.812 x latitude
Solar Panel Tilt Angle = 0.812 x 18º

Solar Panel Tilt Angle = 14.6ºSW
Since the Philippines is above the Equator, then the array
orientation (commonly regarded as the direction which the solar
panels face)of the areas in the northern hemisphere of the

country must be facing the South direction.
CHAPTER IX
Solar Specification
operating
Temperature 40~85 °C
Range
Temperature 0.36 %/°C

Coefficient of
Pmax
Temperature
0.29 %/°C
Coefficient of Voc
Temperature
0.05 %/°C
Coefficient of Isc
Maximum Ratings
Maximum System
1000 V
Voltage
Series Fuse
18 A
Rating
Material Data
Panel Dimension
2067x998x40 mm
(H/W/D)
Weight 23.1 kg
Cell Type PERC
Glass Type Anti-reflection Coating, Tempered
Junction Box
3
Diodes
Junction Box
IP 67
Protection Class
Connector Type MC4
Cable Length 1000 mm
Inverter Specification
Battery Specification
RS PRO 12V T11 Sealed Lead Acid Battery, 100Ah

COMBINER BOX SPECIFICATION
PHOTOVOLTAIC COMBINER BOX 6 WAY IN 2 WAY OUT UP TO 1000V

Solar photovoltaic combiner box with 63A dc breaker 20A
fused terminals with LED indicator and surge protection
device. The unit is earthed internally. Select PV max
operating voltage from 100V, 150V, 300V, 500V or 1000V
GENERAL ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

 Input 6 strings
 Output 1 strings - MPPT
 Maximum Voltage 1000V
 Max DC short circuit current 15A (changeable)
 Maximum Current Output 125A DC breaker
ENCLOSURE
 Polycarbonate/ABS
 IP65 ingress protection
 IK10 resistance to impacts
 Dimensions: 292x370x132mm
 Cable entry: PG09 Cable Gland, 2.5-16mm2
 Dimensions 45x35x16cm
 UV resistance.
 Flame retardant rating V0
MPN Code: SPV-6-1-500V-80A

ELECTRICAL WIRING DIAGRAM

CHAPTER X
BILL OF MATERIALS
MATERIAL QUANTITY AMOUNT TOTAL
Solar panel 11,072.76 18,071.27/10unit 200,098,836
Inverter 101.46 30,949 3,140,085.54
Battery 17,797 17,154.91 305,305,933
Combiner box 13 15660 203,580
TOTAl: 203,747,807.473
OTHER EXPENSES
LABOR COST OF 2,500,000
PLANT
CONSTRUCTION
OTHERS 1,000,000
₱3,500,000
CONCLUSION
Solar energy is a clean, pollution free and renewable source of

energy. Development of this source of energy requires an accurate
detailed long-term knowledge of the potential taking into account
seasonal variations.

Jedz Poweplnt

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Jedz Poweplnt

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY

UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY

PROPOSED SOLAR POWER PLANT IN CONNER, APAYAO

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering

Constancio T. Maslang III

Engr. Emmanuel Miguel

I also dedicate this work to my loving parents as my inspiration.

Engr.Ronnie Reyes, the engineering professor at the college, for

the parents and siblings of mine.

To all of my friends, family members, and classmates for serving

UCV PHILOSOPHY, VISION AND MISSION

UCV’s DECALOGUE OF OBJECTIVES

5. To provide counselling and academic advisement an various

9. To develop a climate which encourages the continuous

This book is intended to provide reference for the

It is expected that mechanical engineering students

Futhermore, the student must have a basic knowledge

The thesis attached hereto entitled “SOLAR POWER PLANT” prepare

Accepted in partial fullfillment of the requirement for the

CHAPTER I REQUIREMENTS OF POWER PLANT DESIGN

CHAPTER II Power House Survey

CHAPTER III Basis of Assumption

CHAPTER IV Transformer sheet

CHAPTER V Maximum Demand

CHAPTER VI Normal Daily Load Curve

CHAPTER VII Unit Combination

CHAPTER VIII Choice of Power Plant Site

CHAPTER X Bill of Materials

your load area to a sheet of about 12 ft².

2. Fill up the vacant lots and spaces with future

subdivisions and developments five years hence.

3. Print two or three copies of this layout maps. Preserve

prints as working sheet.

II.POWER LOAD SURVEY:

placing the layout map the various types of existing

customer’s potential and probable future customers within

the next five years.

5. Group connected loads, the necessary distribution

6. For each group, determine the number of potential

7. Estimate the average KW-HR. monthly consumption per

8. Determine the estimated probable total annual kilowatt

hours consumption for the next five years.

9. Indicate the necessary feeder circuits and the

system; noting the type and amount of the Connected load

CL, group under each. Distribution Transformers- computing

and noting maximum demands.

a. Maximum demand on each connected loads.

b. Maximum demand on each distribution transformer.

c. Maximum demand on each feeder circuit,

d. Maximum demand on each sub-station,

e. Maximum demand on the power Plant.

11. Applying an estimated percentage to cover power plant

consumption of plant accessories and Auxiliaries and

kilowatt hours, transmission losses, determine the

kilowatt-hour to be generated annually. Determine the total

capacity of the plant.

12. Determine and tabulate the probable average daily load

and plot it to scale and draw the daily load curve.

V.TYPES AND LOCATION OF POWER PLANT:

power load contour for the next five years.

14. Choose the type of power plant:

 solar power plant

reason for choosing and indicate the site on the plant