Interface/Console and Software Manual

INTERFACE/CONSOLE AND SOFTWARE MANUAL
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 1 / 44
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4 INTERFACE/CONTROL CONSOLE AND SOFTWARE MANUAL .................................... 2
4.1 START-UP...................................................................................................................................... 6
4.1.1 Main screen ................................................................................................................................................ 6
4.2 ANNEX 1: ON/OFF CONTROL ................................................................................................ 18
4.3 ANNEX 2: P.I.D. CONTROL ..................................................................................................... 19
4.4 ANNEX 3: VARIABLE TIME PROPORTIONAL PID CONTROL ..................................... 23
4.5 ANNEX 4: PWM CONTROL ..................................................................................................... 24
4.6 ANNEX 5: ADVANCED FEATURES ....................................................................................... 25
4.7 ANNEX 6: FREQUENT PROBLEMS....................................................................................... 32
4.7.1 Frequent problems with the acquisition card ............................................................................................ 32
4.7.2 Problems when running the application with the acquisition card ........................................................... 34
4.7.3 RS233-USB converter .............................................................................................................................. 43
4.7.4 Other problems ......................................................................................................................................... 43
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 2 / 44
4 INTERFACE/CONTROL CONSOLE AND SOFTWARE

MANUAL
If the product you have purchased is a unit, please pay special attention to
the following points described in this manual. In case the product you have
purchased is only SOFTWARE or the unit and the software are different from
the ones indicated below, go to the annexes of the M7 MANUAL, ignoring the
rest.
There are two types of EDIBON units: those controlled from a computer,
which are the computerised units, and those controlled from an electronic console,
which are the manual units. In the first case, the control and display are done from
the computer, with the mouse and keyboard.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 3 / 44
In the second case, these actions are done from a control console. The
measurement of the sensors will be also displayed in the console screen. In some
units that have only one indicator for several sensors it is necessary to commute with
a selector which sensor will be visualized at each moment.
In both cases, sensors are connected to the electronic interface (or to the
console, if the unit is non-computerised), being it necessary a good connection
between them and the interface. For that purpose, make sure that the connectors have
been threaded to the front panel of the interface/console.
Before switching on the console/interface, read the M3 MANUAL to make

sure that the power supply and safety conditions are fulfilled.
After checking these details and connecting the interface/console, switch it

on by pushing the ON/OFF button.
If the unit is computerised, it is necessary to run the corresponding

software to start working.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 4 / 44
Every computer-controlled unit has an electronic interface, which is used

as an intermediate step in the communication between the sensors/actuators and the
PC. The communication between such interface and the unit is done through the
cables of the sensors/actuators, whereas the communication between the interface
and the computer is done through a single cable, called SCSII cable. There are some
units in which the communication is carried out through an USB cable, and there are
other units in which it is done through a RS232-USB converter. Go to the annexes of
the M3 MANUAL for more details.
In order to guarantee the communication between the unit and the

computer, it is necessary to check that there is a good connection of both the SCSII
cable and the cables of the sensors to the interface. When talking about sensors, make
sure that each cable is connected to its corresponding connector, paying attention to
the sensors’ labels. It is recommended to fix such connections by threading the
connector to the panel. Avoid pulling these cables, as this could cause a wrong
operation in the sensors. When there is a SCSII cable, fix it through some screws to
the interface and computer connectors. Do not force the cable while you are
connecting it to any of the two terminals, since a cable pin could be damaged.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 5 / 44
The interface has a set of fuses at its back panel to protect the unit from
electrical risks. Follow the diagram located at the rear side to know the amperage of
each fuse of the panel. If these fuses were replaced, it is important to make sure that
they make a good electrical contact. However, DO NOT USE SCREWDRIVERS
to tighten the fuse because it could be damaged.
When there are units that contain water, it is important, due to safety
reasons, to place the interface far from the unit in order to avoid splashing it.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 6 / 44
4.1 START-UP
4.1.1 Main screen
When running the program, a menu screen will appear. You can select
there the module of the unit with which you are going to work. That screen will be
omitted in those units that do not consist of modules. In that case, the main screen of
the SCADA software will be directly visualized.
After selecting the corresponding module, the main screen of the software
appears. That screen shows all the elements required to interact with the unit. To
facilitate the use of the SCADA, those elements have been distributed into different
sections.
Such sections are identified below:

Identification Description
1 Main controls (Calibration, Start, Stop, View Data, Saving data, Quit)
2 Diagram of the system
3 Sensors and output parameters
4 Configuration of the graphs
5 Graphs
6 Manual/automatic control of analog and digital actuators
FOR ANY OTHER CHARACTERISTIC, REFER TO THE M7 MANUAL.

Ed.: 17 Pg.: 7 / 44
4.1.1.1 Main buttons
 CALIBRATE: this control provides access to a new window from which

the calibration of all the sensors of the unit can be read and modified. A
password is required to access this information, thus preventing
unauthorized personnel to modify the calibrations and, therefore, a wrong
operation of the unit. For more information, go to the M8 MANUAL.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 8 / 44
 START: the exchange of information with the unit starts with this control,
both for the sensors reading and the actuators control. From that moment,
the real time evolution of the previously mentioned signals will be
visualized. In some units, when clicking this button, the user may be asked
to select a file for a later data saving (refer to the image in the “SAVE
DATA” point).
 STOP: this button is only available if the “START” button has been
clicked before and its function is to stop the data exchange in progress. The
unit will return to the initial conditions and will remain in sleep mode. If the
user clicks “START”, the data exchange between the unit and the SCADA
will restart again.
 SAVE DATA: as it happens with the “STOP” button, this function will be
only available if there is an information exchange with the unit. This button
saves the signals read in the sensors and sent to the actuators automatically
for a later analysis.
When this button is clicked, new controls will appear. They will enable the
user to configure parameters, such as the data-taking period. It is
recommended to choose a period appropriate to the studied process: choose
long periods for slow processes and short periods for quicker processes
with the aim of avoiding a lot of data without information.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 9 / 44
Likewise, the data saving process will not start till the user chooses it. The
“START SAVING” button must be clicked for that purpose.
If the application has not yet requested to select the file where these values
will be reflected, it will be required at the moment that file is selected.
Values will be automatically saved and time during samples can be
configured. Besides, the user has the “TAKE DATA” button to save
additional values manually.
Data will be codified as text to enable their interpretation from this
application, clicking “VIEW DATA”, or from other applications, such as
Excel.
Click “STOP SAVING” to finish the data saving.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 10 / 44
 VIEW DATA: this option opens a new window for the graphical
representation of the previously acquired and saved values in order to
analyze them in detail. The application must be in sleep mode to user this
function, in other words, no data exchange between the unit and the
SCADA should be in progress.
In this option, after selecting the file to be loaded, stored data can be
observed and represented versus time. This makes it possible to compare
the different sensors and extract possible conclusions.
The user can use the zoom and autoscale controls on the graph, if desired. If
the values difference between sensors is very marked, the Autoscale button
must be pressed, otherwise they will not be displayed correctly.
In some specific units, like pump benches or turbines, this application

makes it possible to represent some sensors versus others, not versus time.
To return to the main screen of the application, the user must click
“CLOSE” to close this window.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 11 / 44
 QUIT: to prevent damages in the unit, this button will be only available
when it is not being used. Once clicked, the application will be closed.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 12 / 44
4.1.1.2 Diagram of the system
The upper middle section will display the industrial process simulated in
the system schematically. For a better understanding, all the sensors and actuators
that take part in the process are represented in the diagram. These elements can be
easily differentiated, since sensors are represented by a red S while actuators by a
green A.
Additionally, in some units this section will have some buttons or

indicators to facilitate the use of the system or to plot data.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 13 / 44
4.1.1.3 Sensors
As it can be observed, this section has two panels that differentiate between
analog and digital sensors.
A graphical representation of the digital sensors is visualized in the lower

panel to know their state. On the other hand, the numerical values of all analog
sensors are shown in the upper panel. In both cases, for the user to understand the
unit, the same name that appears in the diagram of the system is used for the sensors.
The picture shows a typical panel for an application.
In this example, the unit has 14 analog sensors. Some graphic indicators of
the sensors can be included in the diagram of the system or in the lower panel of this
section.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 14 / 44
The sensors represented in the main screen of this application vary in

function of the unit supplied. Refer to the M7 MANUAL for more details.
In some units, additional information about them can be visualized in the

upper panel, such as calculations carried out with the values read by the sensors.
4.1.1.4 Graphs configuration and display
In section 4 of the main screen the user can configure which signal of the
sensors will be plotted and in which indicator of the section 5 of this screen will be
visualized. This graphical representation is in real time and allows an analysis of the
evolution of the measurements taken by the sensors. Sensors can be displayed either
individually in different graphs or different sensors in the same graph to facilitate the
comparison between them.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 15 / 44
The user can visualize the signals in two separate graphs so that sensors of
the same nature are placed in each one. For example, temperature sensors can be
displayed on “GRAPH A” and pressure sensors on “GRAPH B”.
To represent the selected sensors in one or another graph, the user just need
to select the graph in question in the drop-down menu (Single Graph/Graph
A/Graph B) must be used. There is also the possibility of enlarging the
representation. For that purpose, click “Enlarge Plot” and a window with a similar,
but bigger, plot will be opened, showing the same information seen in the smaller
panel. This window must be closed to return to the main screen of the application.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 16 / 44
4.1.1.5 Control of actuators
Section 6 of the main screen contains all the controls the enable the user to
interact with the actuators of the unit. This panel has two types of actuators: digital
(represented by a button) and analog (represented by a potentiometer or wheel).
Digital actuators control ON/OFF actuators, for example a resistor or a solenoid
valve, while analog actuators control variables such as the speed of a motor, the flow
supplied by a pump, etc.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 17 / 44
The analog actuators can be found in the tab shown in the previous picture
or in the tab displayed in the picture below. Both tabs are included in this section.
This panel changes according to the supplied unit and may include specific
controls. For that purpose, go to the M7 MANUAL or to the annexes of this
manual if you have a unit with PID control.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 18 / 44
4.2 ANNEX 1: ON/OFF CONTROL
The ON/OFF control studies a specific process to stabilize a particular

variable in function of a “set point”. While the variable to be controlled is below this
value, the actuator will be activated. When the set value is reached, the actuator will
be deactivated.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 19 / 44
4.3 ANNEX 2: P.I.D. CONTROL
A P.I.D. controller is used for the same purpose than the ON/OFF control
described before. The main difference between these controllers lies in the precision
with which a variable is stabilized in a specific process. The operation of the actuator
is regulated with this type of controller, since most of them are analog actuators. On
the other hand, an ON/OFF controller can only switch on/off the actuators.
This accuracy is possible thanks to the tuning of three control parameters:

proportional (P), integral (I) and derivative (D). With these settings, stationary errors
are corrected over time and perturbations in the system with instantaneous answers
are avoided.
Therefore, to stabilize the variable in question, the controller calculates the

proportional, integral and derivative actions in function of the error of that variable
with respect to the setpoint value. The controller adds those actions and, as a result,
the action percentage to be applied to the actuator that influences the value of the
variable to be controlled is obtained.
The attached window shows all the properties available in the P.I.D
controllers included in the SCADA program.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 20 / 44
Some units, as the UCP, allow greater scalability when visualizing the
generated data.
Pressing the “PARAMETERS PID” button, the instant value of the actions
(proportional, integral and derivative) executed by the PID controller appears. To
close this window, press the same button (in this case it will be shaded and the word
“close” highlighted).
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 21 / 44
Kp. It is the proportionality constant in the proportional control action.
Td. The “derivative constant” is the derivative time in minutes, also called time. With
this constant, possible perturbations generated in the system can be corrected within
the band of action, acting immediately.
Ti. The “integral constant” is the integral time in minutes, also called reset time. The
integral action in a controller makes it possible to correct the stationary error
generated in an ON/OFF control.
The properties and possible actions of a PID control are compared in the
table below.
Kp increases Ti decreases Td increases
Stability Is reduced Decreases Increases
Velocity Increases Increases Increases
Steady state error Not eliminated Eliminated Not eliminated
Error area Is reduced Decreases to some Is reduced

extent
Control disturbance Increases Increases Increases very

suddenly gradually abruptly
Loop frequency Does not affect Decreases Increases

to a certain
extent
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 22 / 44
The PID controller calculates the difference between the set point value
(SP) and the current variable process value (PV) to obtain the error (e).
e = SP – PV
Then, based on the existing error, the PID controller calculates the
controller’s action, u(t), where Kc is the controller’s gain.
 1
t
de 
u (t )  Kc  e   edt  Td 

 Ti 0 dt 
The following formula represents the proportional action. Kc determines

the environmental oscillation to the set point.
up(t) = Kc·e
Then, this formula represents the integral action. This action corrects the
stationary error over time.
1 t 
ui (t )  K c   edt 
 Ti 0 
Finally, this formula corresponds to the calculation of the derivative action.

It softens the proportional action, preventing the changes in the variable to be
controlled from being abrupt.
 de 
u D (t )  K c  Td 
 dt 
The total action u(t) is sent to the proportional valve following this pattern:
AVP-1 output (t) = u(t) + AVP-1 output (t-1)
The signal will be stabilized with the correct tuning of the controller,
decreasing the error progressively.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 23 / 44
4.4 ANNEX 3: VARIABLE TIME PROPORTIONAL PID CONTROL
PID controls are suitable for the study and control of variables in certain
processes. The traditional concept of a PID controller is to regulate the operation of
an analog actuator, but sometimes only digital actuators will be available.
Thanks to the variable time proportional PID control, a solution for the
control of variables in processes of the type described above is available.
The operation of this control consists in a PID controller that calculates the
corresponding total action and, by means of a specific algorithm, transforms that
action into the duty cycle of the digital actuator that disturbs the variable to be
controlled.
Therefore, the greater the error, that is to say, the farther the variable to be
controlled moves from its set point, the greater duty cycle will be sent to the actuator
in question. As the error decreases, the duty cycle of the actuator will be reduced.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 24 / 44
4.5 ANNEX 4: PWM CONTROL
As the control described before, a PWM (Pulse-With Modulation) control

consists in, as it name suggests, a pulse-with modulation or duty cycle of a digital
signal.
This control consists in establishing a set point, which we wish to achieve

with a certain variable, and establishing the duty cycle of the digital actuator that
disturbs the variable to be controlled, based on a sawtooth signal.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 25 / 44
4.6 ANNEX 5: ADVANCED FEATURES
These features will be implemented in the SCADA application in function

of the physical characteristics of each unit.
 Psychrometric Chart: represents the states of the humidified air during a

process in function of the air humidity and temperature.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 26 / 44
 Signal vs. Signal (X-Y): chart that represents the value of one sensor
versus another.
 Mollier Diagram: chart that represents the Mollier cycle and the states
to which a coolant is subjected during a process.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 27 / 44
 Oscilloscope: virtual device that represents the value of the sensors

without previous processing.
 Polar Graph: it shows the values of the sensors with a phase angle
modifiable by the user in a polar plot.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 28 / 44
 Signal vs. Sensor Position: it shows the instantaneous value of all the
sensors.
 Temperature Polar Graph: intensity circular plot whose color

represents the value of the sensor.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 29 / 44
 Tare Analog Sensors: used to tare the analogical sensors, so zeroing can
be performed at any moment.
 Calculation: used to perform mathematical operations between the

magnitudes measured by the sensors.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 30 / 44
 Fault Setting: used to execute a series of faults in order each time the
application is executed. The order of these faults can be modified from the
calibrate window. Refer to the M8 MANUAL for more information.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 31 / 44
 View data “Signal vs. Signal”: chart that shows the value of one sensor
of the unit versus another, saved in an Excel file.
 Serial Communication: additional analysis devices are available in

some units, different from those included in the unit. In order to
interpret this information, they are connected to the PC through serial
port. Some of the most common devices are pH meters, conductivity
meters, etc.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 32 / 44
4.7 ANNEX 6: FREQUENT PROBLEMS
The following section of the manual explains the most frequent problems
that may arise when working with the unit for the first time. The most adequate
solutions for each of these problems are proposed here.
4.7.1 Frequent problems with the acquisition card
Please, check that:
 The PCIe card does not have any burnt integrated circuit or physical
damage that does not allow its installation in the PC.
 There is enough space to install the card in the PC. The maximum
dimensions are: 9.9 x 16.8 cm (3.9 x 6.6 inches). The space should be
slightly larger than these dimensions to guarantee the perfect insertion of
the card.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 33 / 44
 The PC has a PCIe port.
 You have received, together with the card, a DVD with its drivers. The
version of the drivers must be 17.0.0 or later, which is compatible with
Windows 7 or later operating systems.
 The connectors of the SCSI cable have not been damaged, there are no pins
left or bent.
 The female connector of the SCSI cable fits in the card once it has been
installed in the PC.
 The male connector of the SCSI cable fits in the interface.
If any of these points were not fulfilled, the acquisition process could not
be carried out.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 34 / 44
4.7.2 Problems when running the application with the acquisition card
When starting the software, this error message may appear. It will appear
again when clicking “continue”. By clicking “continue” until it does not appear any
more, it can be seen how the sensor measurements show “0” or “NaN”.
This problem is associated to the data acquisition card; it is originated

because of an incorrect installation of the data acquisition card. To solve it, close the
program, go to the desktop and look for the following icon that corresponds to the
Measurement & Automation Explorer, the program which makes it possible to
manage the acquisition card.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 35 / 44
If we cannot find the program, we must install it. For that purpose, insert
the NI-DAQmx drivers DVD. When the installation starts, a new window with the
installation wizard will appear.
If the window does not appear automatically, explore the CD/DVD unit of
your PC. Once the installation DVD is located, explore the files and execute the
application called autorun.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 36 / 44
Then, the wizard will show the default directory for the software
installation. If it is not required, do not modify that directory and click “Next”.
Select the ‘Custom’ installation option and go to the next step.

Ed.: 17 Pg.: 37 / 44
Select the “NI MAX Configuration Support” tab, select “Install this
feature to a local drive” and continue with the next step.
Do not select the drivers record box and continue with the installation.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 38 / 44
Accept the license agreements and go to the next steps.
Click Next to confirm the installation.
The screens below appear when the installation starts. The process can take
several minutes.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 39 / 44
When the installation is complete, go to the following screen, where you

will be asked to restart the system.
Now we can open Measurement & Automation Explorer (NI MAX), a program
that allows us to manage the acquisition card.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 40 / 44
Once open, click on “Devices and Interfaces/NIDAQmx Devices” and

observe the pull-down menu that appears.
We can face two different situations: the installation of two cards (as the
picture shows) or the installation of only one card, called Devl, which appears with a
red cross (not recognised acquisition card).
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 41 / 44
In the first case, follow the steps shown in the pictures. Right click on Devl
and select “Delete”. Afterwards, rename “dev2” as “devl”. After modifying the
name, pass the “Self Test” to the card.
In the second case, shut down the computer, remove the card and put it
again so that the computer identifies it as a new hardware and asks for the drivers. If
you have already installed them, just order to search them automatically.
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 42 / 44
Then, the card should be recognised and be ready to work.

Ed.: 17 Pg.: 43 / 44
4.7.3 RS233-USB converter
If your unit uses an RS232-USB converter connected to your PC and you

have not installed its drivers previously, you will see the image below every time you
start the software. Besides, you will not obtain measurements from some sensors. For
more details about how to install them, go to the annexes of the M3 MANUAL.
4.7.4 Other problems
1) To avoid incorrect measurements in the sensors, make sure that they are
correctly connected to the interface. For that purpose, follow the labels
of each sensor, so that it is connected on its corresponding interface
connector. Fasten that connection by turning the connector on its thread
until you make sure that there is a proper contact.
2) All the sensors measure incorrectly: check the SCSI cable connection. If
only one sensor measures incorrectly, check the state of the cable pins.
Sometimes, due to a bad connection, some of these pins bend and
causes a bad electrical contact. If this is not the problem, check the state
of the interface 2 or 3A fuse. If it has blown out, substitute it for a new
Ed.: 17 Pg.: 44 / 44
one with the same amperage.
3) All the sensors show “NaN”. The card is not recognised or there is a
conflict between cards. Refer to the previous point.
4) The actuators do not work. In this case, check the connection of the
SCSI cable. If the problem persists, check the state of the fuse.
5) If you have installed both the card and its drivers but the
Measurement&Automation does not recognise it, you must either
download the latest drivers for your operating system in www.ni.com or
contact EDIBON, so that we can provide them to you.

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INTERFACE/CONSOLE AND SOFTWARE MANUAL

4 INTERFACE/CONTROL CONSOLE AND SOFTWARE

Before switching on the console/interface, read the M3 MANUAL to make

After checking these details and connecting the interface/console, switch it

If the unit is computerised, it is necessary to run the corresponding

Every computer-controlled unit has an electronic interface, which is used

In order to guarantee the communication between the unit and the

4.1.1 Main screen

Such sections are identified below:

FOR ANY OTHER CHARACTERISTIC, REFER TO THE M7 MANUAL.

4.1.1.1 Main buttons

 CALIBRATE: this control provides access to a new window from which

In some specific units, like pump benches or turbines, this application

4.1.1.2 Diagram of the system

Additionally, in some units this section will have some buttons or

A graphical representation of the digital sensors is visualized in the lower

The sensors represented in the main screen of this application vary in

In some units, additional information about them can be visualized in the

4.1.1.4 Graphs configuration and display

4.1.1.5 Control of actuators

4.2 ANNEX 1: ON/OFF CONTROL

The ON/OFF control studies a specific process to stabilize a particular

4.3 ANNEX 2: P.I.D. CONTROL

This accuracy is possible thanks to the tuning of three control parameters:

Therefore, to stabilize the variable in question, the controller calculates the

Kp. It is the proportionality constant in the proportional control action.

Kp increases Ti decreases Td increases

Stability Is reduced Decreases Increases

Velocity Increases Increases Increases

Steady state error Not eliminated Eliminated Not eliminated

Error area Is reduced Decreases to some Is reduced

Control disturbance Increases Increases Increases very

Loop frequency Does not affect Decreases Increases

The following formula represents the proportional action. Kc determines

Finally, this formula corresponds to the calculation of the derivative action.

AVP-1 output (t) = u(t) + AVP-1 output (t-1)

4.4 ANNEX 3: VARIABLE TIME PROPORTIONAL PID CONTROL

4.5 ANNEX 4: PWM CONTROL

As the control described before, a PWM (Pulse-With Modulation) control

This control consists in establishing a set point, which we wish to achieve

4.6 ANNEX 5: ADVANCED FEATURES

These features will be implemented in the SCADA application in function

 Psychrometric Chart: represents the states of the humidified air during a

 Oscilloscope: virtual device that represents the value of the sensors

 Temperature Polar Graph: intensity circular plot whose color

 Calculation: used to perform mathematical operations between the

 Serial Communication: additional analysis devices are available in

4.7 ANNEX 6: FREQUENT PROBLEMS

4.7.1 Frequent problems with the acquisition card

Please, check that:

 The PC has a PCIe port.

 The male connector of the SCSI cable fits in the interface.

This problem is associated to the data acquisition card; it is originated

Select the ‘Custom’ installation option and go to the next step.

Accept the license agreements and go to the next steps.

Click Next to confirm the installation.

When the installation is complete, go to the following screen, where you

Once open, click on “Devices and Interfaces/NIDAQmx Devices” and

Then, the card should be recognised and be ready to work.

4.7.3 RS233-USB converter

If your unit uses an RS232-USB converter connected to your PC and you

4.7.4 Other problems

one with the same amperage.