RESUM-EFHS-UNIT-1-3.

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English for Health Sciences

1º Grado en Enfermería

Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de Manresa

Universidad de Vic-Universidad Central de Catalunya

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 RESUM EFHS: UNIT 1 - 3
TAKING A PATIENT HISTORY
● Can you tell me your full name, please?
● I’d like to ask you a few questions, if it’s all right with you?
● Can you tell me why you’re here today?
● How are you today?
● Have you had any serious illnesses in the past?
● Have you ever had any operations?
● Now, are you taking any medications at the moment?
● Do you have any allergies to medications?
● Can you tell me the name of your next of kin?

ABBREVIATIONS
DOB: Date of Birth 4º: 4 hourly
IDDM: Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus c/o: Complain Of
HT: Hypertension sl: Sublingual
PVD: Peripheral Vascular Disease O2: Oxygen
N / K: Nil Known ECG: Electrocardiogram
BP: Blood Pulse (... over …) ADLs: Activities of Daily Living
P: Pulse Pt: Patient
qds: 4 times a day Obs: Observations
MI: Myocardial Infarction VS: Vital Signs
GTN: Glyceryl Trinitrate am: in the morning
SHO: Senior House Officer pm: at night

HOW DOES YOUR HEART WORK?

The blood enters the right atrium, one of the upper receiving chambers of the
heart. Blood is pumped through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The
right and left ventricles are larger than the right and left atria because they are
responsible for the pumping action of the heart.

The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood away from the heart through the
T-shaped pulmonary artery. By the time blood arrives in the lungs, the body has
taken out most of the oxygen and made use of it for tissue function. In a healthy
heart, the blood floods efficiently through the heart to the lungs, which
re-oxygenate the blood and return it to the heart through the pulmonary vein.

Oxygenated blood enters the heart through the left atrium and is pumped to the left ventricle. The left ventricle is
encased in thicker cardiac muscle than the right side because it has to pump oxygenated blood around the entire
body via the aorta, the largest artery of the body.

The cardiac cycle relies on the efficiency of the four valves between the atria, ventricles and pulmonary blood
vessels. These valves open to let in sufficient blood flow to fill each heart chamber and then shut to prevent the
backflow of blood. Irregularities in blood flow because of blockages in the blood vessels can lead to heart disease.

Nursing “handover”: “parte”, on explica a les altres infermeres el que han fet durant el torn

SYNONYMS
● Increase (↑): Shoot up to / Peak (max. increase)
● Stabilise (→): Settle / Remain the same / To be constant / To be steady
● Decrease (↓): Go down / Fall / Plummet (sudden decrease)

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 Peak flow meter: aparell per bufar i mesurar l’asma de pacient

USING A NEBULISER
1. Put in the medication
2. Connect to the oxygen
3. Put on the mask

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4. Turn on the oxygen
5. Breathe in the mist

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

HEALTHY AND ASTHMATIC AIRWAYS

● Healthy airways: Tissue is not thick / Muscle layer contracts / Air is
conducted into and out of the alveoli / Co2 is exchanged with O2

● Asthmatic airways: Tissue becomes inflamed (swollen) / Airway is

narrowed / Chest muscles tighten / Difficult to breathe

MEDICAL TERMS
● Inspiration: breathing in
● Inspiration rate: rate at which person breathes in (expressed as “breaths per minute”)
● Respirations: breaths; movement of air in and out of the lungs
● Respiratory rate: rate at which person breathes in and out (expressed as “breaths per minute”)
● Expiration: breathing out
● Expiration rate: rate at which person breathes out (expressed as “breaths per minute”)

● Apnoea: the patient is not breathing at all

● Bradypnoea: patient’s breathing is slow rate (RR less than 12 breaths / min)
● Eupnoea: the patient is breathing a normal RR (between 12 and 20 breaths / min)
● Tachypnoea: the RR is rapid (between 20 and 30 breaths / min)
● Dyspnoea: the patient has laboured breathing or difficulty breathing → SOB

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 ABBREVIATIONS
PCA: Patient Controlled Analgesia FBC: Full Blood Count
s.c: Subcutaneous URTI: Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
SOB: Shortness Of Breath @4L / min: At 4 Litres per Minute
RR: Respiratory Rate CXR: Chest X-Ray
p / f: Peak Flow (most air which is expired) Pt ed.: Patient Education

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wound bed = wound base // exudate = ooze = discharge ⇒ “supurar” - fluid from the wound

ABBREVIATIONS
NAD: Non-Adhesive Dressing VAC: Vacuum Assisted Closure
CNS: Clinic Nurse Specialists IV ABs: Intravenous Antibiotics
bd: 2 times a day tds: 3 times a day
nil: 0 amt: amount
N / A: Not Applicable HBL: High Bacterial Load

MEDICAL TERMS
● Doppler: ultrasound device which measures blood flood through arteries and veins
● Bugs: microbes
● Spike a temperature (pyrexia): high fever

● Necrosis: death of cells and leaving tissue

● Eschar: thick, dry, black necrotic tissue
● Desiccation: drying out (dryness)
● Inflammation: swelling caused by infection
● Swab: “mostra” - small piece of material used to take samples of body fluids
● Slough: dead tissue which separates from healthy tissue after infection
● Debridement: removal of dead tissue
● Cellulitis: inflammation of the tissue under the skin, often caused by infection

● Granulated: containing connective tissue found in healing wounds

● Sloughy: contains dead tissue which falls off a wound during an infection
● Macerated: softened because of excess moisture
● Inflamed: red and swollen because of infection
● Serous: with yellowish fluid or blood serum
● Haemoserous: yellowish fluid tinged with red blood cells
● Purulent: full of pus, a yellow or green discharge found in an infected wound
● Odour: smell, really unpleasant
● NAD: dressing which does not stick to the wound
● Antimicrobial: something which treats infective microorganisms
● Hydrating: adding moisture to something
● Intact wound: the dressing is sealed and can not be lifted off for viewing

● Necrotic tissue: dead tissue

● Viable: able to grow or survive
● Well-vascularised: good blood circulation is achieved, and the tissues are supplied with O2 and nutrients
● Exudate: ooze or discharge from a wound
● Maceration: excessive softness by too much moisture
● Chronic: long-term or ongoing
● Skin graft: transplantation of skin from another part of the body to a wound which can not heal on its own

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si lees esto me debes un besito