2.

4 THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES

Product Rule

The derivative of a product is not generally the product of

th corresponding
the di d derivatives.
i ti
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 2.4 THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES

THEOREM 4.1 (Product Rule)

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 2.4 THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES

PROOF

Notice that the elements of the derivatives of f and g are

present, but we need to get them into the right form.
Adding and subtracting f (x)g(x + h) in the numerator
numerator,

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 2.4 THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES

PROOF

(In the last step, since g is differentiable at x, it must also

be continuous at x, x so that g(x + h) → g(x) as h → 0.)0)
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 2.4 THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES

EXAMPLE 4.1 Using the Product Rule

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 2.4 THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES

EXAMPLE 4.1 Using the Product Rule

Solution

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 2.4 THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES

Quotient Rule
Note that

Generally, the derivative of a quotient is not the quotient

of the derivatives
derivatives.
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 2.4 THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES

THEOREM 4.2 (Quotient Rule)

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 2.4 THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES

EXAMPLE 4.3 Using the Quotient Rule

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 2.4 THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES

EXAMPLE 4.3 Using the Quotient Rule

Solution

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 2.4 THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES

EXAMPLE 4.4 A Case Where the Product and Quotient

R l A
Rules Are N
Nott N
Needed
d d

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 2.4 THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES

EXAMPLE 4.4 A Case Where the Product and Quotient

R l A
Rules Are N
Nott N
Needed
d d
Solution
(Although it may be tempting to use the product rule for
the first term and the quotient rule for the second term,
term
notice that it’s simpler to first rewrite the function.)

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 2.4 THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES

EXAMPLE 4.6 Using the Derivative to Analyze a Golf

Sh t
Shot
A ggolf ball of mass 0.05 kgg struck byy a ggolf club of mass m
kg with speed 50 m/s will have an initial speed of

Show that u(m) > 0 and interpret this result in golf terms.
Compare
p u(0.15)
( ) and u(0.20).
( )

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 2.4 THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES

EXAMPLE 4.6 Using the Derivative to Analyze a Golf

Sh t
Shot
Solution

u(m) increases as m increases

In golf terms, all other things being equal, the greater the
mass of the club, the greater the velocity of the ball will be.
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 2.4 THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES

EXAMPLE 4.6 Using the Derivative to Analyze a Golf

Sh t
Shot
Solution

The rate of increase in ball speed is much less for the

heavier club than for the lighter one.

Since heavier clubs can be harder to control, the relatively

small increase in ball speed obtained by making the heavy
club even heavier may not compensate for the decrease in
control
control.
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