Chapter 2: Fractions

LESSON 1: The Concept of a Fraction

Fractions
Are a fundamental concept in mathematics that represents parts of a whole or division of a
quantity into equal parts.
Numerator- The number above the fraction bar.
Denominator- The number below the fraction bar.
Vinculum- The fraction bar or the line that separates the numerator from the denominator.
Kind of Fractions
Fraction can be classified as proper, improper and mixed number.
Proper Fraction- is a fraction whose value is less than 1.
Improper Fraction- is a fraction whose value is equal to or greater than 1.
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Mixed Number- is composed of a whole number and a fractional part such as 1 and 4 .
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LESSON 2: Equivalent Fractions

The word equivalent mens ‘equal’ or ‘same value’. So equivalent fractions are fractions which
are equal or with the same value.

There are Two ways of generating equivalent fractions. Multiplying and Dividing.

In Multiplying it is Equivalent Fractions if you multiply it by fraction equal to one. the fractions
that are equal to one have the same numerator and denominator.

1 2 2
For example: x =
5 2 10
1/5 x 3/3 = 3/15

1x5 x 4/4= 4/20 The Equivalent Fractions are 2/10, 3/15,4/20 In Dividing, It is Equivalent
Fractions if the product of your solving is in lowest term. You can easily solve the equation and
find its equivalent fraction if you use the HCF or HIGHEST COMMON FACTOR or the given
fraction. For Example: 18/42 % 6/6 = 3/7 You will know if it is in lowest term when there are
already no number that can divide both numerator and denominator.
Lesson 3: Comparing and Ordering Fractions
Identical twins look similar while fraternal twins look different or dissimilar. Fractions can also be
classified as similar or dissimilar.
Let's have an example.
Royce, Jeremy and Andrew are best friends. They like to drink orange juice.
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Royce drank pitcher of orange juice.Jeremy drank pitcher of orange juice, and Andrew
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drank pitcher orange juice. Two fifts, three fifts, and one half can be illustrated as follow.
Both the wholes in two-fifths and three-fifths are divided into 5 equal parts while the whole in
one-half is divided into 2 equal parts. Thus, we can say that 2/5 and 3/5 are similar fractions. In
other words, similar fractions are wholes divided into equal parts or they are fractions with the
same denominators. Fractions can also be compared using relation symbols such as greater
than (>), less than (<) or equal). Let us use a part of the problem from the previous example.
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Since we have already known that and are "similar fractions" we can generalize that without
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illustration, we can compare the fractions based on their numerators. That is, the bigger the
numerator, the greater the fraction is or the smaller the numerator, the lesser the fraction is.
We can also arrange the fractions in increasing or decreasing order.

Lesson 4: Addition of Similar Fractions and Mixed Numbers

Did you Know?
Based on the 2015 census, Iloilo Province ranked first in the most highly urbanized province/city
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in Panay and Guimaras Islands. Occupying about of the island population. Capiz ranked
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second occupying about of the Island populations.
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Let's Discuss
What fraction of the population of Panay and Guimaras Islands is the combined population of
Iloilo and Capiz?
To find the fraction that the population of Iloilo and Capiz represent, we need to add them.
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Putting it in a number sentence, we have + = N, where N represent the total population of the
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provinces.
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Since we have already known that is two out of five equal parts of the whole and is out of five
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equal parts, we could illustrate the number sentence as follows: Counting the numbers of
shaded parts, we can say that there are three shaded parts or there are three fifths. We could
illustrate it as follows:
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Therefore, Iloilo and Capiz, comprise of the island populations.
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Let's do these
Perform the following task.
Activity 1
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Weigh kilograms of onion and set it aside. Weigh kilograms of garlic. Combine the onions
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and garlic which you have weighed. What is their total weight in kilograms?

Lesson 5: