Drugs for Pain
class
local anaesthic- ends in ●Lidocaine;
"caine" cocaine,benzocaine
Opioid Analgesics - Agonist,
moderate to severe pain-
"ine"/"one"
Opioid Agonist-Antagonists
Opioid Antagonists
Non-Opioid Analgesics- cox-inhibitors- stops enzyme from acting on body
NSAIDS- Naproxen,
ibuprofen, ketorolac,
aspirin/asa, celecoxib
*No anti-inflammatory
properties
name Indications action side effects nursing considerations
Painful procedures, blocks Na+ channel in axon, Systemic absorption--> palpitations, watch out for systemic absorption s/s; use
localized pain/discomfort NO CONDUCTION= NO tachycardia, & hypertension >BP; . with a vasoconstrictor (like epi!) to limit drug
SENSATION absorption to vasoconstrict bv
●Morphine-(agonist) Binds to opiate receptors in pin-point pupils, constipation, 1- hold if rr is <12.
●Codeine ●Meperidine the CNS, alters sedation, <bp, <cough reflex, 2. encourage fluids, walking.
●Fentanyl ●Oxycodone pain perception produces bradypnea <rr; <HR, hypotension, 3. assess vs & prevent falls.
●Hydrocodone a general CNS depression - headache, urinary retention, nausea, *highly addictive, take caution with head
●Hydromorphone <RR & HR, <bp emesis, itching injury patients- can >ICP
●Oxymorphone **Antidote = naloxone
Methadone-agoinst Pain, opioid withdrawal Binds to opiate receptors in Long half life
the CNS & alters perception ●Very slowly titrate down
of pain **does
not cause euphoria
Buprenorphine (opioid Lower potential for abuse and less powerful
addiction); analgesic effects
Suboxone (opioid WD)
Naloxone/naltrexone Treats opioid overdose, reverses analgesia, sedation, immediate withdrawal
relief of opioid-induced euphoria, resp depression
constipation, reversal of
postoperative opioid
effect
reduce inflammation, gastric ulceration/bleeding/
vasoconstriction/renal
impairment/reduced inlammation
/reduced fever/analgesia
ibruprofen- cox-inhibitors <inflammation-RA/OS/ Blocks prostaglandin which d/t bleeding- avoid in trauma and surgical
arthritis; mild to. causes inflammation, pain, clients ; -
moderate pain; fever and fever. Monitor BUN/Cr d/t Renal impairment s/e
Aspirin/Acetysalic acid. Pain -joint, muscle, head < prostaglandins--> < of fever d/t Risk of bleeding
Antipyretic, non-opioid pain, arthritis), & inflammation, < platelet ○Don’t administer with other anticoagulants
analgesic fever, aggregation --> a < in ○D/c 5-7 days prior to surgery
protects against MI, ischemic diseases ●Caution with pediatric clients
stroke- thrombotic ○causes Reye’s syndrome in kids with viral
disorders infections
○use only in peds with Kawasaki's disease
●Salicylism
○ASA toxicity--> tinnitus-hold & call hcp),
sweating, headache, dizziness, metabolic
acidosis
Acetaminophen- antipyretic, Pain, fever blocks prostaglandins < pain Overdose, or taking with alcohol, --> Max daily dose = 4g- 3g daily for long term
analgesic signals and fever response toxic metabolite to build up-->major use; Antidote = n-acetylcysteine
liver /hepatic damage assess liver enzyme
fxn-alt/as ; do not give to
pts with hepatitis/cirrohosis-
 SYSTEM BY SYSTEM

Cardio

class name

Antihypertensives Ace inhibitors- prils Enalapril/aptopril

 Indications action side effects

HTN/CHF decrease
nursing considerations