RYAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL,

NERUL - 400706

ARYAN SINGH
PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROJECT FILE
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost I would Like to thank

my school for giving me platform where
even before the completion of syllabus,
interaction and exposure is made possible
through the project work.

I also express my gratitude and sincere

thanks to all those people who supported
me directly or indirectly in gathering
information related to the project.

ARYAN SINGH
CLASS : X-D
 PREFACE

I would like to express my special thanks

of gratitude to my teacher (Mrs.Bharati
Jadhav) as well as our principal (Mrs.
JANET ARANHA) who gave me the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project
on the topic (CRICKET), which also helped
me in doing a lot of Research and I came
to know about so many new things I am
really thankful to them.
 INDEX
Topic Page
No
ACKNOWLEDMENT 2
PREFACE 3
INTRODUCTION 5
HISTORY AND INVENTION 6
FIELD AND MEASUREMENT 18
RULE AND REGULATION 26
TOURNAMENT 34
THE GREAT PLAYER 36
BIBLIOGRAPHY 40
 INTRODUCTION
Cricket is played with a bat and ball and involves
two competing sides (teams) of 11 players. The
field is oval with a rectangular area in the middle,
known as the pitch, that is 22 yards (20.12
metres) by 10 feet (3.04 metres) wide. Two sets of
three sticks, called wickets, are set in the ground
at each end of the pitch. Across the top of each
wicket lie horizontal pieces called bails. The sides
take turns at batting and bowling (pitching); each
turn is called an “innings” (always plural).
 HISTORY AND INVENTION

Early Cricket (Pre 1799)

Cricket On The Artillery Ground

There is a consensus of expert opinion that cricket may have been
invented during Saxon or Norman times by children living in the Weald,
an area of dense woodlands and clearings in south-east England. The
first reference to cricket being played as an adult sport was in 1611, and
in the same year, a dictionary defined cricket as a boys' game. There is
also the thought that cricket may have derived from bowls, by the
intervention of a batsman trying to stop the ball from reaching its target
by hitting it away.

Village cricket had developed by the middle of the 17th century and the
first English “county teams” were formed in the second half of the
century, as “local experts” from village cricket were employed as the
earliest professionals. The first known game in which the teams use
county names is in 1709.
Early village cricket
In the first half of the 18th Century cricket established itself as a leading
sport in London and the south-eastern counties of England. Its spread
was limited by the constraints of travel, but it was slowly gaining
popularity in other parts of England and Women’s Cricket dates back to
the 1745, when the first known match was played in Surrey.

In 1744, the first Laws of Cricket were written and subsequently

amended in 1774, when innovations such as lbw, a 3rd stump, - the
middle stump and a maximum bat width were added. The codes were
drawn up by the “Star and Garter Club” whose members ultimately
founded the famous Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1787. MCC
immediately became the custodian of the Laws and has made revisions
ever since then to the current day.
The first instances of cricket
Rolling the ball along the ground was superseded sometime after 1760
when bowlers began to pitch the ball and in response to that innovation
the straight bat replaced the old “hockey-stick” style of bat. The
Hambledon Club in Hampshire was the focal point of the game for about
thirty years until the formation of MCC and the opening of Lord's Cricket
Ground in 1787.

Cricket was introduced to North America via the English colonies as

early as the 17th century, and in the 18th century it arrived in other parts
of the globe. It was introduced to the West Indies by colonists and to
India by British East India Company mariners. It arrived in Australia
almost as soon as colonisation began in 1788 and the sport reached
New Zealand and South Africa in the early years of the 19th century.
19th Century Cricket

England v Australia in 1899

The game survived a lack of investment early in the 19th Century due to
the Napoleonic Wars and recovery began in 1815. Sussex was the first
of the English county clubs to be formed in 1839 and the rest followed
suit by the end of 19th century. In 1846 a travelling “All-England Eleven”
was founded as a commercial venture which did much to spread the
game to areas which had never seen top-class cricket beforehand.

The development of the railway network also helped the spread of

cricket as teams from a long distance apart could play one other without
a time-consuming journey. Not only that, but the spectators could travel
longer distances to matches, increasing the size of crowds. British army
units around the world encouraged the locals to play which increased
the number of teams across the old British Empire.

Women’s cricket played a significant role in the development of the sport

in the 19th century and the first women’s county match was played in
1811. Women’s matches were often played out in front of large crowds,
particularly across the South of England and in Australia the first
Women’s sides began playing the sport in the 1890’s.
WG Grace
In 1864 overarm bowling was legalised, 1864 also marked a notable first
with the publication of the first Wisden Cricketers' Almanack which
continues to this day. That same year, W. G. Grace began his long and
influential career, contributing much to increase cricket's popularity.

The first ever international cricket game was played between the USA
and Canada in 1844 at the St George's Cricket Club in New York and in
1859 a team of leading English professionals visited North America on
the first-ever overseas tour. In 1862 the first English team toured
Australia and six years later a team of Australian Aborigines toured
England in what was the first Australian cricket team to travel overseas.
Ivo Bligh's England Cricket Team
In 1877, an England touring team in Australia played two matches
against full Australian XIs that are now regarded as the first Test
matches. The following year, the Australians toured England for the first
time and the success of this tour ensured a popular demand for similar
ventures in future. At The Oval in 1882, the Australian victory in a tense
finish gave rise to The Ashes. South Africa subsequently became the
third Test nation in 1889.

In 1890 the official County Championship was constituted in England.

The Currie Cup started in South Africa in 1889-90 and the Sheffield
Shield in Australia three years later. The period from 1890 to the
outbreak of the First World War has become known as the “Golden Age
of cricket” as it featured numerous great names such as Grace, Wilfred
Rhodes, C. B. Fry, Ranjitsinhji and Victor Trumper.
20th Century Cricket

The Indian cricket team in the 1930s .When the Imperial Cricket
Conference (as the ICC was originally called) was founded in 1909, only
England, Australia and South Africa were members. However, the West
Indies (1928), New Zealand (1930) and India (1932) became Test
nations before the Second World War and Pakistan (1952) soon
afterwards. Cricket soared in popularity in these countries with the
advent of Test Cricket and domestic competitions gradually became
more formalized with the West Indies formulating an island-based First-
Class competition, New Zealand continuing their Plunkett Shield that has
origins back to 1906, India introducing the Ranji trophy in 1934 and
Pakistan founding the Quaid-e-Azam trophy in 1953.
Women’s cricket also took its first significant international steps at the
start of the 20th century and the first ever Test Match was played
between England and Australia in 1934. The founding of the
International Women’s Cricket Council in 1958 (since merged with ICC
in 2005), further developed the Women’s game and it was in 1973 that
the first Cricket World Cup of any kind took place. The Women’s World
Cup was hosted by England who went on to claim the inaugural cup with
captain Rachel Heyhoe-Flint leading the way.

After a postwar boom, slow play and lower numbers of runs

characterized the 1950s, and this defensive nature of county cricket led
to progressively decreased attendance. In response, in 1963 English
county teams began playing a version of cricket with games of only one
innings each and a maximum number

of overs per innings. Limited-overs cricket grew in popularity and, in

1969 a national league was created which consequently caused a
reduction in the number of matches in the County Championship.
First Women's International
In 1970 South Africa were suspended indefinitely from international
cricket competition due to apartheid and so - starved of top-level
competition, the South African Cricket Board began funding so-called
“rebel tours” for international players to form teams and tour South
Africa. The rebel tours continued into the 1980s but when it became
clear that apartheid was ending South Africa was welcomed back into
international sport in 1991. South Africa played in the 1992 World Cup
and then soon after played their ‘return’ Test Match against the West
Indies in Barbados in April.

The first limited-over international match took place at Melbourne Cricket

Ground in 1971 as a time-filler after a Test match had been abandoned
because of heavy rain on the opening days. The International Cricket
Conference (as it was then) reacted to this development by organising
the first Men’s Cricket World Cup in England in 1975, with all the Test-
playing nations of the time taking part and West Indies triumphing at
Lord’s in the final.

In 1977 Kerry Packer signed several of the best players in the world to a
privately run cricket league outside the structure of international cricket.
World Series Cricket hired some of the banned South African players
and allowed them to show off their skills in an international arena against
other world-class players. This only lasted two years, but the longer term
results of World Series Cricket have included the introduction of
significantly higher player salaries and innovations such as coloured kit
and night games. It wasn’t long before many of these innovations
crossed over to international cricket.
South Africa return to international cricket
Such was the success of the inaugural World Cup, it was decided that it
would become a regular part of the calendar with further Cricket World
Cups were held in England in 1979 and 1983 before the tournament
moved to India and Pakistan in 1987, which was the last event to be
played using a red ball with white clothing. 1992 dawned a new era of
World Cup Cricket with floodlights, coloured clothing and a white ball
being utilised.

In 1992, the use of a third umpire to adjudicate run-out appeals with

television replays was introduced for the first time in the Test series
between South Africa and India. The third umpire's duties have
subsequently expanded to include decisions on other aspects of play
such as stumpings, catches and boundaries.

The international game continued to grow with several ICC Associate

and Affiliate Members becoming involved in expanding domestic
competitions and then on the international scene. And in the closing
years of the 20th century, three of those countries also became Test
nations: Sri Lanka (1982), Zimbabwe (1992) and Bangladesh (2000).
21st Century Cricket

India and Pakistan competing in the first ICC WT20 2007

The 21st century has seen some of the most rapid changes in the
history of the game, with arguably none bigger than the creation of a
new format of the sport, the shortest version that is the three-hour
spectacle of Twenty20 cricket.
The advent of Twenty20 cricket, played first in county cricket in England
in 2003, has led to great innovation in the game. To counter free-scoring
batsmen with big hitters and strokes played through all 360 degrees,
bowlers began to perfect a great variety of different deliveries and there
has been a sharp increase in the quality of fielding. In 2004, the first
Women’s Twenty20 International was played and the following year saw
the first Men’s Twenty20 International with the format being adopted as
the third official format of the sport.

In September 2007, India's victory over Pakistan in the final of the first
ever ICC World Twenty20, played in Johannesburg, drew a worldwide
TV audience of more than 400 million. This was the catalyst for the
creation of the Indian Premier League the following year. With further
Twenty20 leagues launched around the world, modern cricketers in the
21st century are faced with playing cricket year-round.

The new century also saw the ICC introducing a “Test Championship
Table” in 2001. The following year, a “One-day International
Championship Table” was introduced. These have evolved into what are
now the official MRF Tyres ICC Team Rankings across all three formats
of the game with the leaders of the Test rankings holding the ICC Test
Championship Mace.
Women's Cricket has developed significantly
The ICC also expanded its development programme, aiming to produce
more national teams capable of competing at the various formats. In
2004, the ICC Intercontinental Cup brought first-class cricket to 12
nations, mostly for the first time, whilst the World Cricket League
structure brought competitive limited overs-cricket to many new
countries and there was memorable successes for some associate
nations on the global stage with Kenya, Ireland, Afghanistan and the
Netherlands all producing famous victories at ICC Global Events.

Afghanistan and Ireland were rewarded for their consistent

performances both off and on the field resulting in the significant
development and growth of cricket in their respective countries with Full-
Member status in June 2017, taking the number to 12.

There have been innovations on the pitch too, with the introduction in
Limited Overs cricket including Power-plays affecting the fielding
restrictions, using two new balls in One Day Internationals and even
dug-outs for the incoming batsmen in Twenty20 cricket. There was a
huge development in Test Match cricket too as the Adelaide Oval played
host to the first ever day-night Test Match between Australia and New
Zealand using a specially developed pink ball.
Associate nation success in 21st Century
There have also been many recent technological evolutions in the game
such as ball tracking, flashing stumps and bails for ensuring accurate
run out decisions, infra-red cameras and edge detection technology can
be used to see whether the bat has hit the ball and the Duckworth-
Lewis-Stern method used to calculate targets and results in the event of
unfavourable weather in limited-overs matches.

In 2008, a new referral system, in which players were allowed to refer

some on-field decisions to the third umpire, made its international debut
in a series between India and Sri Lanka. This has evolved to become the
official Decision Review System.
 FIELD AND MEASUREMENT
FIELD MEASUREMENT

The Cricket Pitch is by far one of the most important elements of the game.
After all, that’s where all the action takes place during a cricket match!
Despite that, the length, width, and other dimensions of a cricket pitch are
often one of the lesser-known details about the game. So, in this post, we
help you understand the complete dimensions of a cricket pitch.

The length of the Cricket Pitch is 22 yards (20.12 meters or 66 feet).

This is the distance from wicket to wicket on either end of the Pitch.
The width of a Cricket Pitch is 10 feet (3.05 meters).

Pictorial representation of a cricket pitch with dimensions in cms

(source)
While the above paragraph gives you a brief on the length and width of the
cricket pitch, there are several other measurements that take place on a
cricket pitch before the match begins. Let’s take a deep dive into the
measurements of each and every element on a cricket pitch.

Cricket Pitch Measurements

As I mentioned above, there are several measurements for various
elements on a cricket pitch that pitch curators, umpire, players and the
spectators have to be aware about.
Let’s start with the dimensions of a cricket pitch.

What is the Length of a Cricket Pitch?

On a cricket pitch, the most important measurement is the length of a
cricket pitch itself. In order to establish and set up other elements such as
crease, wickets etc. on a cricket pitch, one has to be aware of the exact
length of the cricket pitch.

One thing that you have be aware about is the fact that cricket is a colonial
game, and traditionally follows old measurement systems such as yards.
However, cricket pitches in the modern day are also measured with
modern measurement systems such as the metric system.

Let’s look at all the various measurements for a cricket pitch –

Cricket Pitch Length in Yards –

The length of a cricket pitch is 22 yards whereas the width of the
cricket pitch is 3.33 yards.

22 yards is the distance between the two wickets on both ends of a cricket
pitch. The complete length of a cricket pitch including the extra space
behind the two wickets is approximately 24.6 yards.
 S. Size (in
Dimension Measured
No yard)

Length of a cricket pitch from wicket to

1 22 yards
wicket

Length of a cricket pitch from crease to

2 19.3 yards
crease

3 Length of a cricket pitch from edge to edge 24.6 yards

Width of the cricket pitch used during the

4 3.33 yards
game

5 Total width of the cricket pitch 4 yards

The above table gives a detailed breakdown of all the measurements of a
cricket pitch.

Cricket Pitch Length in Meters

Since yard as a measurement is a traditional method and not easily to
measure, people also often look for measurements of a cricket pitch using
the modern metric measurement system.

A cricket pitch is 20.12 meters in length and 3.05 meters in width.

S. Size (in
Dimension Measured
No meter)

Length of a cricket pitch from wicket to

1 20.12 meters
wicket

2 Length of a cricket pitch from crease to crease 17.68 meters

3 Length of a cricket pitch from edge to edge 22.56 meters

Width of the cricket pitch used during the

4 3.05 meters
game

5 Total width of the cricket pitch 3.66 meters

The above table highlights the detailed measurements for various aspects
of a cricket pitch in meters.

Cricket Pitch Length in Feet

Another common method of measurement of a cricket pitch is in feet. It is
not as common as the metric unit of measurement. Nevertheless, let’s look
at the measurements of a cricket pitch in feet.

A cricket pitch measures 66 feet in length and 10 feet in width.

S. No Dimension Measured Size (in mtr)

1 Length of a cricket pitch from wicket to wicket 20.12 (66 feet)

2 Length of a cricket pitch from crease to crease 17.68 (58 feet)

3 Length of a cricket pitch from edge to edge 22.56 (74 feet)

4 Width of the cricket pitch used during the game 3.05 (10 feet)

5 Total width of the cricket pitch 3.66 (12 feet)

Cricket Pitch Length in Steps

There are, at times, instances when you don’t wish to measure the exact
pitch and you would just like to get on with the game! Perhaps, you may not
have the measuring tools handy. So, how does one measure the length of
the pitch in such a scenario?

One of the easier things to do is just measure the length of the pitch using
your feet and by counting the number of steps.

An average adult can cover 10 meters in approximately 13 walking steps.

Thus, in order to measure the length of the cricket pitch, you will need to
take 26 steps!
The various dimensions including the length of a cricket pitch in steps can
be understood from the table below –

S. No Dimension Measured Size (in steps)

1 Length of a cricket pitch from wicket to wicket 26 steps

2 Length of a cricket pitch from crease to crease 23 steps

3 Length of a cricket pitch from edge to edge 29 steps

4 Width of the cricket pitch used during the game 4 steps

5 Total width of the cricket pitch 4.75 steps

Please note that the measurement in steps should be taken by counting the
number of steps while walking at a moderate pace. Additionally, the cricket
pitch dimensions using the steps measurement will only be approximate.
MEASURMENTS OF CRICKET EQUIPMENT

CRICKET BALL’S MEASUREMENT

CRICUMFERENCE OF BALL Between 22.4 – 22.9 cm (9 INCHES)
WEIGHT OF BALL Between 156 – 163 grams

The Cricket Ball is a ball for playing cricket, usually very solid. Its manufacture is
regulated at the high-level by cricket laws to avoid manipulation. The ball is
made of leather covering a cork core wrapped with strings, and its trajectory
will depend on how the bowler strikes it through the air. The cricket ball has
traditionally been red in all Test cricket while white in one-day cricket matches,
though training and informal cricket matches use red, white, or pink balls.
Cricket balls are hit with lots of force such that it alters the properties of the
ball, which can influence the result of a match.
CRICKET BAT MEASUREMRNT

MAXIMUM WIDTH OF BLADE 10.8 cm 4.25 inches

MAXIMUM LENDTH OF WHOLE BAT 96.5 cm 38 inches

Cricket Bat: Blade made of willow, flat on one side, humped on the other
for strength, attached to a sturdy cane handle. During the match, the
umpire can change the bat when the bat is visibly damaged.
STUMP MEASUREMENT
MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM DIAMETER 3.81-3.49 cm 9.6 inches
HEIGHT OF STUMPS 71.1 cm 28 inches
OVERALL WIDTH OF EACH E=WICKET 22.8 cm 9 inches
SIZE OF BAILS 10.95 cm 4 inches

Stumps: The stumps are three vertical posts which support two bails.
They have spikes extending from their bottom end and are hammered
into the ground in an evenly spaced row and positioned in such a way
that they are just close enough together that a cricket ball cannot pass
between them.
RULES AND REGULATION

1.1 TEAMS
Each match shall be played between two teams of eight players. A
match consists of a maximum of 14 (legal 6 balls) overs bowled by
each side. A team shall not be permitted to declare it's innings
closed.

1.2 NOMINATED BOWLERS

Each member of the fielding side shall bowl under the following
allocation with the exception of the wicketkeeper:
Two bowlers bowl - 3 overs each
Three bowlers bowl - 2 overs each
Two bowlers bowl - 1 over each
In the event of a bowler being unable to complete an over, the
remaining balls will be bowled by another bowler. Such part of an
over will count as a full over only in so far as each bowler's limit is
concerned. Under no circumstances shall any bowler be permitted to
bowl more than 3 overs in an innings.
1.3 WICKETKEEPER'S ROLE
Under no circumstances shall the nominated wicketkeeper be
allowed to bowl.

NOTE: The wicketkeeper must be nominated prior to the toss. During

play the wicketkeeper must wear wicketkeeping gloves and must
stand in a normal wicketkeeper position at the instant of delivery,
otherwise no-ball will be called. A wicketkeeper can not be changed
during a match unless injured.

1.4 BOWLERS RUN UP

Bowlers are to have limited run ups which is to act as a limit for
wicketkeepers as well ie. 15 metres.

1.5 UNDERARM BAN

Underarm bowling is strictly prohibited.

1.6 BOUNDARIES
Boundary fours are to be scored as normal, however if the ball
passes over the boundary line on the full 8 runs will be scored.

1.7 WIDES
A wide shall count as 2 extra runs to the batting side and an extra
ball shall be bowled.
a) two lines shall be drawn on the pitch, one at a distance of 24"
(solid) for offside deliveries from the middle stump and 18" (broken)
for leg side deliveries from the middle stump, each at right angles to
the popping crease. Any ball which in the opinion of the umpire
passes the batting crease outside of these lines shall be called wide,
provided it does not touch the bat or any part of the striker.

b) Upon call of wide, the ball shall remain live (wides may be run to
add to the score). The umpires are instructed to apply a very strict
and consistent interpretation in regard to this law to prevent
negative bowling wide of the wicket.

1.8 NO BALLS
A no-ball shall count as 2 extras to the batting side and an extra ball
shall be bowled. Any runs scored form a no-ball (off the bat, bye or
leg-bye) will be credited in addition to the 2 extras for the no-ball.
a) any ball which passes the batsman above the shoulder height in
his normal stance or would have passed above shoulder height if it
strikes the batsman's bat or body, shall be called no-ball.
b) Any ball which having not bounced after leaving the bowler's hand
passes the batsman above waist height, or would have passed him
above waist height if it strikes the bat or body of the batsman
standing in a normal stance, shall be called a no ball.
c) If at the instant of delivery the wicketkeeper standing in his
wicketkeeper position is more than 15 metres away from the stumps
at the striker's end, no-ball shall be called by the umpires.
d) The ball remains live after the call of no-ball.
e) Normal laws of cricket apply to a call of no-ball. If after the delivery
the ball is considered wide, the call of no-ball shall take precedence
and the ball shall remain live.
f) On synthetic pitches a ball landing outside the width of the carpet
shall be called and signalled no ball.

1.9 RETIRE AT 50
A batsman must retire at the time of reaching a personal score of 50
runs, but may not retire before reaching 50 runs (except for injury).
The batsman may complete all runs possible off the stroke that takes
him to 50. If one of the last pair of batsmen is out before
completition of the 14 overs, any 'retired not out' batsmen may
return to complete their innings in their original batting order. A
returning batsman will take the normal end of an incoming batsman
after the fall of a wicket.

1.10 LAST MAN BATS ON

If seven wickets fall before 14 overs are completed the last remaining
batsman must always take strike and therefore return to the batting
crease after scoring. The last remaining batsman shall be declared
out if his partner is run out. The innings shall be completed on the
fall of the eighth wicket.
1.11 INJURY
If a fielder is injured or becomes ill during the course of a match, a
substitute fielder will be permitted, subject to the umpire's approval.
The substitute fielder will not be allowed to bowl or bat. Once a
replacement fielder is introduced, the player being replaced shall not
be permitted to field again during the match in progress.
Replacements shall only be allowed in the case of an injury sustained
during a match. If a batsman is injured or becomes ill during the
course of a match, a runner will be permitted subject to the umpire's
approval. The runner replacement shall come only from within the
nominated eight players.

1.12 FIELD RESTRICTIONS

a) Two semi-circles shall be drawn on the field of play. The semi-
circles have as their centre the middle stump at either end of the
pitch, the radius of each of the semi-circles is 20 metres. The end of
each semi-circle is joined to the other by a straight line drawn on the
field on the same pitch. The field restriction area should be marked
by continuos painted lines.
b) At the instant of delivery, there may not be more than four
fieldsmen on the leg side. For the first seven overs only two
fieldsman are permitted to be outside the field restriction area at the
instant of each delivery. For the remaining overs only four fieldsman
are permitted to be outside of the field restriction area at the instant
of each delivery. In the first seven overs there must be a minimum of
two stationary fieldsmen.
c) The size of the oval shall be defined by two semi-circles, the semi-
circles have as their centre the middle stump at either end of the
pitch, and the radius of each of the semi-circles is 55 metres. The end
of each semi-circle is joined to the other by a straight line drawn on
the field on the same side of the pitch to form the oval. The oval area
should be marked by continuos painted lines and markers.

1.13 ABSENT FIELDERS

If fielders are not present during a match, the opposing captain may
nominate the member(s) of the fielding team to bowl any over
required to make up for the missing fieldsmen, but no bowler may
bowl two consecutive overs or part thereof. Missing fieldsmen may
take the field at the end of an over if they show up but only if their
names appear in the eight man team list, that was filled in prior to
the start of the match.

1.14 LENGTH OF INNINGS

a) The maximum time allowed for each innings shall be 56 minutes.
b) An interval of 6 minutes shall be allowed for the changeover of
innings.
c) Should the bowling team in each innings not complete the quota
of overs within the quota time allowed, 10 runs shall be added to the
score of the batting team for each over in the quota time allowed
that they have failed to complete. In all cases the full quota of overs
shall still be completed.

1.15 UNINTERRUPTED MATCHES

a) Each team shall bat for 14 (legal six ball) overs unless all out
earlier. A team shall not be permitted to declare it's innings closed.
b) If the team batting first is dismissed in less than 14 overs, the team
batting second shall be entitled to bat for 14 overs.

1.16 DELAYED OR INTERRUPTED MATCHES

a) A match shall be classed as a draw by ruling of the Umpires, due to
poor weather, light, ground or pitch condition, if play commences
late, is delayed for more than 30 minutes or is unable to commence
or continue to achieve a result within the allocated overs or time to
constitute a match, providing a result has not already been achieved.
b) The match may be extended up to a maximum of 30 minutes due
to a loss of play. (2 hours duration constitutes a normal match.)
c) Umpires, Captains and Players should remember the aim is to
endeavour to complete the objective minimum number of overs if
possible and to continue play with the aim to try to achieve a results
within the allocated time so that the spirit of fair play is upheld.
d) The team that scores the greatest number of runs shall be
declared the winner, except in the case that the team batting second
not being the winner has not concluded it's innings due to poor
weather, light, ground or pitch conditions in which case the match
shall be declared a draw.

1.17 A RESULT
a)A match shall be won by the side having the highest score at the
completion of the match. The match concludes when the nominated
number of overs have been completed, or when the team batting
second is dismissed within the nominated number of overs.
c) If the scores are equal at the close of play the result shall be a tie
and no account shall be taken of wickets fallen.

1.18

Unless there are enough teams to warrant their own competition,

womens teams may play against the mens teams. In such a case no
bonus points will be awarded to either team for that match.

1.19

To qualify for the medal play-off series the teams finishing first and
second in the preliminary round play off for gold and silver medals
and the teams finishing third and fourth will play off for the bronze
medal. In the event of teams finishing on equal competition points,
the right to play in the medal play-off series will be decided by the
total of their bonus points.

1.20

EQUAL POINTS
In the event of teams still remaining equal on competition and bonus
points as per clause 1.18 a play-off match shall be scheduled for the
morning before the medal round finals commence.

1.21 CAPTAINS
Captains shall be responsible for nominating their teams for each
match, for the timekeeping of their innings and match, for the
conduct of their team and for acting on their teams behalf in the
event of disputes.
1.22 TIME KEEPING
Time keeping is crucial to the success of the competition. Teams
must be prepared in advance for each match as follows:
Captains must toss at least 10 minutes before the scheduled start of
the match and at that time provide the umpire and scorers with their
selected team of 8 players, indicating the captain, vice-captain,
wicketkeeper and the substitute fielder in case of injury or illness.

1.23

INDEPENDENT UMPIRES
a) The decisions of the independent umpires on the field of play shall
be final. Their decision regarding drawn matches due to loss of play
shall also be final.
b) Each match shall be under the control of an
independent/impartial+ umpire, however provision of umpires by
competing teams will be required (where playing teams provide an
umpire it is incumbent on the captains to impress on players (or
others) the need to be impartial at all times.

1.24

THE CRICKET CO-ORDINATORS RIGHTS

The Masters Games cricket co-ordinator's reserve the right to amend
the rules, or change the draw at any time, they may change or revert
matches to different grounds or times with minimal prior notice, if
they consider such actions to be in the best interest of the
competition.

1.25

DRAWN MATCHES AND FORFEITS

a) If a win has been achieved due to a forfeit the winning team shall
receive 6 Competition points for the win plus the average of the
bonus points received by the other winning teams on that day.
b) If any match is declared a draw the teams involved shall receive 3
Competition points each plus the average of the bonus points
received by the other winning teams in that round.
1.26

EQUIPMENT
a) Coloured playing shirts must be worn, white cricket pants and
white shorts will be acceptable. All teams must wear approved
clothing and equipment.
b) Four cricket balls will be supplied to each team for the preliminary
matches, the balls can be used at each teams discretion in these
matches. New balls will be supplied for medal round finals matches.
c) All teams shall supply their own playing equipment other than the
balls and stumps.
d) Preliminary and medal round finals matches will be played on
synthetic carpet pitches, rubber soled white sports shoes will be
required. The NT v's The Rest of Aust. Match will be played on a turf
wicket, spikes are preferred for this match if it transpires.
 TOURNAMENTS
National Tournaments
Ranji Trophy: Ranji Trophy is a domestic first-class cricket championship played
in India between teams representing regional cricket associations. The trophy
is named after England and Sussex cricketer Kumar Shri Ranjitsinhji and was
first played in 1934.
Duleep Trophy: The Duleep Trophy (named after KS Duleepsinhji) was started
by the Indian board in 1961-62 as a zonal rather than a state first-class
competition. The original format was World Cricket Leagu that five teams,
drawn from the five zones - North Zone, South Zone, East Zone, West teams
without Test Zone and Central Zone played each other on a knock-out basis.
Vijay Hazare Trophy : The Vijay Hazare Trophy, also known as the Ranji One
Day Trophy, was started in 2002-03 as a limited-overs cricket domestic
competition involving state teams from the Ranji Trophy plates. It is named
after the famous Indian cricketer Vijay Hazare.
Deadhar Trophy: It was started in 1973-74 by Board of Control for Cricket in
India, it is the current one day cricket competition in Indian domestic cricket. It
has 5 zonal teams - North zone. South zone, East zone, West zone and Central
zone feature in the competition.
Irani Trophy: The trophy tournament was conceived during the 1959-60
season to mark the completion of 25 years of the Ranji Trophy championship
and was named after the late 7 R Irani
Indian Premier League (IPL):
BCCI started the Twenty20 competition, Indian Premier League Oknown as the
IPL) and is regarded as the brainchild of Lalit Modi. This League has been
launched by BCCT in 2007 08 The players were selected via the auctions and
drafted into the city-based franchises It is played in the month of April every
year
International Tournaments
CC Cricket World Cup
The ICC Cricket World Cup is the international championship of One Day Co
International (ODD) cricket. The event is organised by the sport's governing
body. enam the International Cricket Council (ICC), every four years, with
preliminary qualification n15ounds leading up to a finals tournament
AICC Champions Trophy
The ICC Champions Trophy is a one day international (ODD) cricket tournament
organised It was inaugurated as the ICC KnockOut Tournament in 1998 and has
been played by the International Cricket Council (ICC) approximately every four
years since then Its name was changed to the Champions Trophy in 2002
ICC World Cup T20
The ICC World Twenty20 (also referred to as the World T20, and colloquially as
the T20 World Cup) is the international championship of Twenty20 cricket
Organised by cricket's governing body, the International Cricket Council (ICC),
the tournament currently ansists of 16 teams, comprising all ten ICC full
members and six other associate or affiliate members chosen through the
World Twenty20 Qualifier All matches played are accorded Twenty20
International status The event is generally being held every two
World Cricket League
The ICC World Cricket League is a series of international one-day cricket
tournaments for national teams without Test status (of Associate
status),administered by the International Cncket Council All associate members
of the ICC are eligible to compete in the league system, which features a
promotion and relegation structure between divisions.
THE GREAT PLAYER OF CRICKET

Cricket has its legacy with the way it is played across the globe and the
members involved in the game. Players and umpires are key to
popularize the sport over generations. Hence, the players with illustrious
careers are regarded and admitted into the Hall of Fame category by ICC.
Let’s take a brief look at these players and their stats.
Kapil Dev (1978 -1994) − Kapil Dev
was the first Indian captain to have
won the World Cup in 1983. He served
Indian cricket for 15 years and was
highly accorded as one of the best all-
round players in the likes of Imran
Khan, Botham, and Hadlee. He scored
more than 5000 runs in Test and
picked 434 wickets. He was the
leading wicket taker for several years
after breaking the world record of 433
wickets by Hadlee. His tryst with ODI
was equally good with 3783 runs and
253 wickets from 225 matches. His
score of 175 against Zimbabwe in
World Cup is regarded as one of the
best innings in ODI history.

Sunil Gavaskar (1971 - 1987) − Sunil

Gavaskar played 125 Tests and 108
ODIs for India. Gavaskar was a
prominent batsman who first reached
10,000 run landmark in Tests. He did it
at an average of 51.12. He was well
known for his aggressive batting style
against the mighty West Indian attack.
He was also the first player to break
Bradman’s record of 29 centuries and
went on to score 32 in Test.

Brian Lara (1990 - 2007) − Brian Lara

represented West Indies for 17 years.
He was the best left-arm batsman
(southpaw) in the history of cricket. He
amassed the highest number of Test
runs and centuries, breaking
Gavaskar’s record. He still holds the
highest individual score in an innings of
400 runs. At an average of 52.88, Lara
scored 11,953 runs in Tests and
10,408 runs in ODIs at average of
40.48.
Sachin Tendulkar (1989 - 2013) −
Sachin Tendulkar, the run machine of
Indian Cricket. He is the only player in
the world to have played 24 years at
the highest level. He has broken almost
every batting record in the history. His
stats speak high of his batting ability;
15921 runs at an average of 53.78 in
Tests and 18,426 runs in ODIs with
highest number of centuries in both
formats. He is the only player to have
played 200 Tests in cricket history and
also the highest number of ODIs. He
was a decent bowler in shorter format
of the game with 154 wickets. His tally
of runs in first-class and List-A matches
is more than 46,000. His batting
prowess was praised and matched that
of Sir Donald Bradman. However, he is
yet to be included in the Hall of Fame
by ICC.

Shane Warne (1992 - 2007) − The art

of leg-spin that was dying got
reintroduced by this Australian genius.
Warne was the best spinner of leather
during most part of his playing career.
He had a healthy competition with Sri
Lankan counterpart, Muttiah
Muralitharan. Warne’s cricketing career
lasted 15 years during which he took
708 Test wickets and 293 wickets in
ODIs with exceptional bowling average.
He also holds the record for bowling
“ball of the century” that got England
captain, Graham Gooch bowled around
his legs.
Muttiah Muralitharan (1992 - 2011) −
Like Tendulkar has broken all the
batting records, Muralitharan did the
same for bowling. Muralitharan, former
Sri Lankan off-spinner holds the record
for highest number of wickets in Tests
and ODIs at an average below 23. He
also has the number of five-fors in an
innings of both formats and maximum
number of ten wickets in a Test match.
Overall, he has 800 scalps in Tests and
534 in ODIs. However, he is yet to be
included in the ICC Hall of Fame.

Ricky Ponting (1995 - 2012) −

Ponting is another premier batsman of
Australian cricket. He has also been
the most successful captain for
Australia and led the team most
number of successive wins in Tests
and ODIs. He is next to Clive Lolyd to
lift the World Cup twice. Talking of his
batting ability, he has scored more than
13,000 runs in Tests and ODIs. His
tally of runs in first-class and List-A
matches is above 40,000.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
I have collected all the informations from
the following sources (Like Books,
Newspaper, Magazines, Internet, etc) to
complete this project.

❖ BOOK
A TEXT BOOK OF ICSE PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASS X
AUTHOR BY
AMIT RAWAT
Ph.D, Physical Education NET, JRE M.PE...PE Lectures,
Physical Education Dr. BRA. University
VINOD PILLAIR
MEB. (LN.C.EE. Trivandrum), M.A. (English), UGC Net
M.Sc. (Applied Psychology) Faculty Jindal Vidya Mandir,
Ratnagiri
VINOD M.L
APE (NCPE Trivandrum), M.P.K (NLER (Gwalior), UGC
Net Dev Samaj Modern School Delhi
❖ INTERNET
HISTORY AND INVENTION AT
https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/cricket/history-of-
cricket/early-cricket
FIELD MEASUREMENT AT
https://cricketmastery.com/cricket-pitch-length-width-full-
dimensions/
RULES AND REGULATION AT
https://websites.sportstg.com/assoc_page.cgi?c=0-
4552-0-0-0&sID=61077