ENGLISH FOR

ACADEMIC AND
PROFESSIONAL
OVERVIEW Academic
Texts and
Texts
Structure
 ACADEMIC TEXT
Academic means in relation to the academe and/or
education which is the source of knowledge, new
learning, skills, values, and habits.
 An academic text is basically anything that is used
in the schools or classrooms. Academic texts use
jargons or specialized language of the field or
specializations. It is not opinionated, but backed up
with information that is valid and reliable, and
usually cites further references.
ACADEMIC WRITING
 It is clear, concise, focused, structured and backed
up by evidence. Its purpose is to aid the reader’s
understanding.
It has a formal tone and style, but it is not complex
and does not require the use of long sentences and
complicated vocabulary. It has to be noted that not all
writing can be considered academic writing as their
features do not subscribe to the criteria of academic
writing.
 THE FOLLOWING ARE THE DIFFERENT
CONSIDERATIONS WHEN DOING
ACADEMIC WRITING

ROLE
 AUDIENCE
 PURPOSE
FORMAT
Professional Text
Forms of communication written in the
1
workplace with the intent to
accomplish a goal, be it an increase in
sales, the dissemination of a certain
policy, or the launch of a new product.
Examples are: business letter, email,
memo, press release, resume writing,
etc.
Professional Writing
1  Business writing is a
style used in the
workplace.
 TYPES OF ACADEMIC TEXTS
TEXTBOOKS – designed to help the learners. It is
in vary in style, tone, and level depending on
their audience
STUDENT ESSAYS – vary in length and formality,
but they usually contain three sections:
introduction, main body, and conclusion. 

 TYPES OF ACADEMIC TEXTS
THESIS OR DISSERTATIONS – you will probably write
longer texts at college and post-college levels.
Thesis typically contains 10,000 to 20,000 words at
baccalaureate and master’s levels and dissertation
typically contains 60,000 to 80,000 words at doctor’s
levels.
RESEARCH ARTICLES – written mainly for a specific
audience-researchers, academics, and postgraduate
students.

TYPES OF ACADEMIC TEXTS
CASE STUDIES – may be found in any discipline,
though they are most common in discipline such
as business, sociology, and law. They are
primarily descriptive.
REPORTS – the purpose of it is to describe what
happened and discuss and evaluate its
importance. Reports are found in various
disciplines, like science, law, and medicine
READING IN VARIOUS
ACADEMIC FIELDS
1. Reading in Science
2. Reading in History
3.Reading in Literature
4. Reading in Mathematics
STRUCTURE OF ACADEMIC
TEXTS
1 STRUCTURE OF ACADEMIC TEXTS The term text
structure refers to how information is organized
in a passage. The structure of a text can change
many times in a work and even within a
paragraph. The structure of an academic text
will depend on the purpose of the text, there are
two common text structure of academic text:
three-part essay ( introduction , body and
conclusion ) and the IMRaD.
IMRAD TEXT STRUCTURE- IS SHORT FOR
INTRODUCTION, METHOD, RESULTS, AND
Item 1
DISCUSSION. 7.4%

This is commonly used in writing scientific Item 2

11.8%
Item 5
articles or reports. IMRaD format are usually 32.4%

short and concise. The language will be as

plain and as unambiguous as possible. There
is no place in this type of writing for Item 3
22.1%
persona views and fanciful language.
Introduction
Item 4
Method 26.5%

Result
Discussion
OTHER TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURES
Description - This type of text structure features a detailed
description of something to give the reader a mental picture.
Eg. Communication is a method of exchanging ideas or information
with one another. This term comes from the Latin term,
communicare, meaning exchanging of ideas. It is not a one-way
activity but a two-way process.
Cause and Effect - This structure presents the causal relationship
between a specific event, idea, or concept and the events, ideas,
or concept that follow. 
Eg. A person who widens his vocabulary by reading and improve
his speaking thru practice may improve his chances of
communicating effectively.
OTHER TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURES
. Comparison/ Contrast-  This type of text examines the similarities
and differences between two or more people, events, concepts, ideas,
etc.
 Eg. Communication may be expressed through speaking and writing.
Both are considered productive skills because they allow production
of sounds and symbols. However, they differ in terms of how they are
being carried out by people.
Order/ Sequence - This text structure gives readers a chronological of
events or a list of steps in a procedure.
 Eg. In order to become an effective communicator, one has to
consider the following: first, you need to become a wide reader; then,
you need to expose yourself in an environment where communication
is practiced and third, you need to practice.
OTHER TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURES

Problem- Solution  This type of structure sets up a problem

or problems, explains the solution, and then discusses the
effects of the solution.
Eg. If a person is shy in communicating, one has to look for
ways on how he or she can motivate himself / herself to boost
his/her confidence and find ways to improve through reading,
writing and practicing the language.
DOES ANYONE HAVE
ANY QUESTIONS?
Raise your hand, please
THANK
YOU
for your attention