INTRODUCTION

SOCRATES was the first political thinker.

Father of Ethics
"Virtue is knowledge'
>There are no political writings of him.
> PLATOwas student of Socrates.
> He lived between 427- 347 B.c, Greek
philosopher
>Father of Philosophy
 THEORY OF IDEAL STATE
>ORGANIC, NATURAL INSTITUTION
State is more important than human beings because
development of human beings happens in state only.
>*State is individual writ large"
State is ldeal state because it is ruled by Philosopher
kings.
>Plato's ldeal State was a republic with 3 categories
of citizens:traders (temperance), army( courage)
and philosopher kings ( wisdom), each óf whom
possessed distinct nature and capabilities.
 PLATO'S EDUCATION SYSTEM

>ldeal state is supported by pillar and

education is one of them.
>Compulsory education and fullequality of
opportunity for all citizen, no discrimination
on ground of birth or gender.
>Children are separated from family and
brought in the custody of state.
>Plato's school: Academy
 THEORY OF JUSTICE
(Architectonic theory of justice)
>Every individualshould get justice by state.
>It draws an analogy between social
organisation and architecture in order to
explicate the nature of justice.
Plato identifies 4 virtues traders
temperance ) soldiers (courage
philosopher kings ( wisdom )and justice.
Justice is blessing, the balancing of these 3
is justice.
>0- 10 years:Physical education, sports,
gymnastics. (strong health so that no need
of medicines)
> 11-15 years: Music, maths, history and
science.
>16- 20 years : Moral education
>20 years: First high level examination
who fails thisexam are send to become
traders or peasants.
> 20- 30 years (for those who passed the
exam):
Physical, mental and moral training.
 THEORY OF IDEAL STATE
>ORGANIC, NATURAL INSTITUTION
>State is more important than håman beings because
development of humanbeings happens in state only.
'State is individual writ large"
>State is ldeal state because it is ruled by Philosopher
kings.
>Plato's ldeal State was a republic with 3 categories
of citizens:traders (temperance), army(courage )
and philosopher kings (wisdom), each óf whom
possessed distinct natùre andcapabilities.
>Mixed government democracy and aristocracy.
 The "STATE"
>Plato wanted conquest of Sparta against
Athens.
>The state shouldneither be small nor to large.
#FORMS OF STATE
1) Aristocracy:
aristocrats
Govermment in hands ot
2) Trimocracy: The power or the rule of honour.
3) Oligarchy: Power in the hands of money.
4) Democracy: Freedom are most important.
5) Tyranny: Absolute power on one hand.
>30years: Second grand examination
>Who fails this exam are send to be a soldier
>30-35 years: philosophy education (to those
who passed the exam)
>36-50 years:send to deal with problems of
life
Then final exam takes place who passes
becomes philosophical king and failed ones
are send to become auxiliaries.
>ACC. To Plato ruler should be one who have
no fascination for the position of authority so
they willrule wellon the contrary who wants
power they willcause degeneration of state.
 COMMUNISM OF PROPERTYAND
WIVES
>Plato have clubbed philosophersand
soldiers together as described them as
guardian class.
> Inorder to keep them free from corruption
he prescribed a way of living known as
communism of propertyand wives.
Guardian will keep minimum goods shared
by all. They will livetogether eat froma
common kitchen and have noprivate
property,they will follow principle of
communism property.