1. What is Rizal Law?

The Rizal Law, also known as Republic Act No. 1425, All Philippine educational institutions are required
by law to offer José Rizal-related courses. In any case, the Catholic Church in the Philippines vehemently
curtailed the Rizal Law in response to the anti-clerical themes that were pertinent in Rizal's works Noli
Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.

2. What is the purpose of the law?

An Act to authorize the publishing and distribution of Jose Rizal's novels Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, as well as to include classes on his life, works, and writings in the curricula of all public
and private schools, colleges, and universities.

3. circumstances of the Philippines when the bill was being debated upon?

The Rizal Bill, Senate Bill 438, was first proposed by Senator Claro M. Recto and mandates that Jose
Rizal's life, works, and writings be taught in all public and private schools, colleges, and institutions. His
books Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo are among the most contentious laws in the country. It is
customary for the measure to be presented to both the Upper and Lower Houses of Congress for
consideration prior to being approved, adopted in all schools, and signed into law as Republic Act 1425.
The inclusion of mandatory reading of Rizal's writings, which, in their view, is insulting to catholic
dogmas, led the Legislative Arm and the Catholic Church to aggressively oppose the law, which became
the subject of controversy.

4. protagonist? antagonists? Why?

Three senators, former Catholic Action president Francisco Rodrigo, Mariano Cuenco, and Julio Rosales'
brother Decoroso Rosales, were the principal opponents of the plan. Congressmen Ramon Durano,
Marciano Lim, Jose Nuguid, Manuel Soza, Godofredo Ramos, Miguel Cuenco, Lucas Paredes, Carmen
Consing, and Tecia San Andres Ziga from the Lower House were the other opposition parties. The
Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) filed a pastoral statement in which they claimed
that Rizal had broken canon law, supporting the opposition parties' claim that the bill violated freedom
of conscience and religion. forbidding or banning publications that make fun of or insult Catholicism.
practices and doctrines.

Recto and Laurel supported the bill and claimed that it was only passed with the intention of preserving
the legacy of the national hero in the minds of all Filipinos who were born in Rizal during the time he
waged a nonviolent struggle for freedom. religion. Representatives from the House of Congress Jacobo
Gonzales, Emilio Cortez, Mario Bengson, Joaquin Roxas, and Lancap Lagubay supported the Rizal Bill,
which was also supported by Senators Lorenzo Tanada, Quintin Paredes, and Domocao Alonto of
Mindanao. Pedro Lopez, too.

( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizal_Law )

( https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/university-of-the-east-philippines/life-and-works-of-rizal/
senate-bill-438-known-as-the-rizal-bill-first-authored-by-senator-claro-m/23859866 )