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A Topical Approach To Life Span Development Santrock 7th Edition Test Bank
A Topical Approach To Life Span Development Santrock 7th Edition Test Bank
Chapter 05
Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
1. (p. 159) According to Esther Thelen, motor behaviors are assembled for perceiving and acting.
Her theory is called the _____ theory.
A. bio-psycho-motor
B. dynamic systems
C. bio-behavioral
D. perceptual systems
2. (p. 159) According to the dynamic systems theory, how do infants develop motor skills?
A. Infants perceive something new in the environment that motivates them to act. They use
their perceptions to fine-tune their movements.
B. Motor development comes about through the unfolding of a genetic plan, or maturation.
C. Motor skills are initially influenced by biology but become increasingly dependent on
environmental factors.
D. Infants take bits and pieces of data from sensations and build representations of the world
in their minds.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
3. (p. 159) Six-month-old Andy is learning to scoot on his tummy in order to obtain nearby toys.
This is an example of the:
A. dynamic systems theory of motor coordination.
B. bio-psycho-motor theory of coordination.
C. physio motor theory of maturation.
D. genetic plan theory of motor maturation.
5. (p. 160) What mechanisms help infants survive before they have an opportunity to learn
adaptive behavior?
A. reflexes
B. motor skills
C. vision and hearing
D. dynamic systems
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
7. (p. 160) Which statement BEST describes the relationship between the rooting and sucking
reflexes?
A. Both involve avoiding toxic substances.
B. Rooting involves locating food; sucking involves eating food.
C. Sucking involves eating; rooting involves bonding with a caregiver.
D. Rooting involves grasping food source; sucking involves locating food.
8. (p. 160) Baby Chloe startles when she hears a loud sound. She arches her back, throws back
her head, and flings out her arms. Which reflex is she demonstrating?
A. sucking
B. Moro
C. rooting
D. grasping
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
9. (p. 160) Janice strokes the cheek of newborn Robby. He turns his head toward that cheek and
opens his mouth. This is an example of:
A. sucking.
B. the Moro reflex.
C. rooting.
D. grasping.
11. (p. 160) Which reflex helps to ensure that an infant obtains nourishment?
A. sucking
B. Moro
C. grasping
D. rooting
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
12. (p. 160) Which reflex involves many responses from the whole body?
A. sucking
B. rooting
C. Moro
D. stepping
13. (p. 160) The Moro reflex is a response to _____, whereas the grasping reflex is a response to
_____.
A. sound; touch
B. touch; sound
C. smell; sight
D. sight; smell
14. (p. 160-161) How long does it take for most infants to establish a sucking style that matches
how mothers hold them, how the milk is coming out of the bottle or breast, and the infant's
temperament?
A. one day
B. one week
C. several weeks
D. two months
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
15. (p. 160) Shawn is 5 years old and sucks his thumb. His mother is worried that thumb sucking
will become a lifelong habit. A developmental psychologist would MOST likely advise
Shawn's mother to:
A. keep Shawn at home for another year before entering kindergarten.
B. change her disciplining methods.
C. develop a strict behavior intervention plan.
D. relax because the behavior will most likely remit on its own.
17. (p. 161) Baby Karyn has just learned to sit independently. Approximately how old is she?
A. 1 year
B. 3 weeks
C. 2 months
D. 6 months
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
18. (p. 161) Marta is growing quickly. Many of the reflexes with which she was born are fading.
She is developing new abilities such as sitting and standing but is not yet able to climb or ride
on riding toys. Marta is in her:
A. first year.
B. second year.
C. proximodistal period.
D. reflexive development phase.
19. (p. 161) Infants normally are able to sit, stand, stoop, climb, and walk within the first:
A. 6 months.
B. year.
C. 18 months.
D. 2 years.
20. (p. 161) Research shows that infants occasionally take a few large steps when walking. These
large steps indicate which of the following?
A. increased desire for independence
B. increased acceleration and speed
C. increased balance and strength
D. sign of future delay in motor development
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
21. (p. 162) Well-developed gross motor skills allow infants to become more independent.
Independence is important because it:
A. is a prerequisite for the development of fine motor skills.
B. allows more and different kinds of interactions with the environment.
C. fosters greater numbers of dendritic connections in muscle tissue.
D. allows infants to strengthen the bonds with their primary caregivers.
22. (p. 161-162) Walking takes more than leg strength gained through genetic maturation. In order
to solve this biomechanical problem, infants are first motivated to walk and then must learn to
stabilize balance and shift weight. What theory of development does this describe?
A. bio-cognition
B. bio-psycho-social
C. motor systems
D. dynamic systems
23. (p. 161-162) Gigi rarely falls when going down a steep incline. If a slope is too steep, she is
likely to turn around and go down backward. Gigi is an:
A. experienced climber.
B. inexperienced crawler.
C. experienced walker.
D. inexperienced walker.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
24. (p. 162) Instead of crawling on her hands and knees, 8-month-old Kenna scoots on her
bottom using her hands to propel her. This is:
A. a perfectly acceptable means of infant locomotion.
B. likely to be correlated with poor reading ability later.
C. a prerequisite to hands-and-knees crawling.
D. a reason to enlist the services of an infant physical therapist.
25. (p. 162) Miri can walk quickly and run stiffly. She balances on her feet while playing with
blocks on the floor and loves to stand and kick her soccer ball. Miri is likely between the ages
of _____ months.
A. 18 and 24
B. 13 and 18
C. 9 and 12
D. 36 and 48
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
26. (p. 162) To foster infants' motor development, infancy experts recommend which of the
following?
A. giving infants opportunities for exercise
B. rigorous physical handling
C. restricting physical movement for the first year
D. structured exercise classes
27. (p. 162) Infants are likely to reach motor milestones at different ages depending on culture.
This is probably due to:
A. climate.
B. activity opportunities.
C. genetic disposition.
D. nutrition.
28. (p. 164) Jungle gyms, slides, and climbing equipment can help young children develop:
A. handedness.
B. fine motor skills.
C. gross motor skills.
D. concentration.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
29. (p. 164) Dalton enrolled his daughter in a soccer league to help her develop:
A. handedness.
B. fine motor skills.
C. gross motor skills.
D. concentration.
30. (p. 164) Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding gross motor activity during
middle and late childhood?
A. Elementary-aged children become more fatigued by running, jumping, or bicycling than by
sitting for long periods of time.
B. Girls usually outperform boys in large-muscle activities until adolescence when the
opposite is true.
C. Elementary-aged boys usually outperform girls in large-muscle activities.
D. Only structured and supervised activities are recommended for this age group due to the
high risk of physical injury.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
31. (p. 164) Joey is the best batter on his little league team. Which of the following is a
consequence of playing organized sports that Joey may encounter?
A. unrealistically high self-esteem
B. too high academic expectations
C. lower fat mass
D. belonging to a smaller, less diverse social group
32. (p. 164) Playing organized sports can have which of the following negative effects on a
child?
A. undo pressure and stress
B. overly developed muscle mass
C. decreased cognitive functioning
D. increased peer pressure for substance abuse
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
34. (p. 164) Which of the following athletes would MOST likely show peak performance during
adolescence?
A. golfer
B. swimmer
C. sprinter
D. baseball player
35. (p. 165) Brent's biological functions are beginning to decline. How old is he?
A. 65
B. 50
C. 45
D. 30
36. (p. 165) Tom wants to attend his son's little league game. His son is embarrassed by Tom's
loud cheering, though, and asks Tom not to come. What should Tom do?
A. go anyway and cheer
B. go but not cheer
C. go but hide so his son can't see him
D. respect his son's wishes and stay home
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
37. (p. 166) Gross motor skills include activities such as running, whereas fine motor skills
include activities such as:
A. jumping.
B. a somersault.
C. cutting with scissors.
D. crab walking.
38. (p. 166) What skills involve keenly tuned movements such as buttoning a shirt or typing?
A. fine motor
B. gross motor
C. reflexes
D. perceptual-motor
39. (p. 165-166) Tammy is middle aged and walks daily with her friends. Research shows that she
can expect which of the following in older adulthood?
A. higher level of adiposity
B. arthritis in her knees and hips
C. the same level of mobility restrictions as her non-walking counterparts
D. lower mobility restrictions
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
40. (p. 166) Rachel Clifton and colleagues (1993) demonstrated that infants:
A. have to see their own hands in order to reach for an object.
B. do not have to see their own hands in order to reach for an object.
C. have to be motivated by their environment and then act upon a perception in order to refine
fine motor skills.
D. obtain fine motor skills in a predetermined, biological sequence.
41. (p. 166) A significant achievement in an infant's interactions with the environment is the:
A. onset of reaching and grasping.
B. grasping reflex.
C. Babinski reflex.
D. the sucking reflex.
42. (p. 166) Three-year-olds scribble all over the page, but 4-year-olds can make more precise
drawings because 4-year-olds have more developed:
A. artistic ability.
B. fine motor skills.
C. gross motor skills.
D. symbolic representation ability.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
43. (p. 168) Baby Jasmina is sitting in her high chair and picks up Cheerios using her thumb and
forefinger. This newfound ability is due to the development of the:
A. palmer grasp.
B. pincer grasp.
C. Babinski grasp.
D. Moro grasp.
44. (p. 168) Baby Ty is sitting on the floor and reaches for a toy. He picks up the toy using his
entire hand and brings it towards him so that he can play with it. This ability is called the:
A. palmer grasp.
B. pincer grasp.
C. Babinski grasp.
D. Moro grasp.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
46. (p. 167) Which of the following reasons BEST explains why 4-year-old Tanisha might knock
over a tower of blocks she is building?
A. She fails to place a block squarely on the stack she is assembling.
B. She tries too hard to place every block perfectly.
C. She makes careless movements because she doesn't pay enough attention to what she is
doing.
D. Knocking the tower down is more interesting than building it up.
47. (p. 168) Third-grader Thania forms her cursive letters in small, even rows. What BEST
accounts for her improving dexterity?
A. perception and environment interactions
B. increased myelination
C. bone ossification
D. increased muscle development
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
48. (p. 168) Which of the following statements is TRUE of fine motor skill development during
middle and late childhood?
A. Increased myelination is independent of fine motor skill maturity.
B. Letter size becomes bigger and more even with age.
C. Boys usually outperform girls in fine motor skills.
D. Girls usually outperform boys in fine motor skills.
49. (p. 168) Kate and her granddaughter, Pamela, are taking a crocheting class together. Which
of the following is a likely outcome?
A. Kate progresses more quickly than Pamela.
B. Pamela progresses more quickly than Kate.
C. Kate and Pamela progress at the same rate.
D. Kate quits because of incurred nerve damage from overuse of her hands.
50. (p. 169) David hears a loud signal. The sound waves transmitted to David's auditory nerve
create the _____ of sound. David interpreting the sound waves as the school bell is _____.
A. affordance; reception
B. reception; affordance
C. perception; sensation
D. sensation; perception
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
51. (p. 169) Sensation occurs when information interacts with sensory receptors such as:
A. the eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils, and skin.
B. neurons and synapses.
C. the heart and lungs.
D. age, weight, and height.
52. (p. 169) Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between sensation and
perception?
A. Sensation and perception are independent processes.
B. Sensation occurs after perception.
C. Perception cannot occur unless sensation takes place first.
D. Neither sensation nor perception occurs without environmental motivation.
53. (p. 169) Chauncey yells, "I hear a train!" This example describes the processes of:
A. sensation.
B. perception.
C. both sensation and perception.
D. neither sensation nor perception.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
54. (p. 169) Perception brings people in contact with the environment in order for increased
interaction and subsequent adaptation. This statement represents:
A. dynamic systems theory.
B. the ecological view.
C. the ethological view.
D. behaviorism.
55. (p. 169) Eleanor and James Gibson purport that all objects have opportunities for interactions
called:
A. sensations.
B. affordances.
C. perceptions.
D. slopes.
56. (p. 169) According to the ecological view of sensory-perceptual development, how do we
perceive and eventually represent objects in our minds?
A. We take bits and pieces of data from sensations and build up representations of the world.
B. Environmental stimuli motivate us to fine tune gross and fine motor movements in order to
act.
C. We directly perceive information that exists in the world around us. Perception fosters
interaction with and adaptation to the environment.
D. We perceive information and immediately categorize it through accommodation and
assimilation.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
57. (p. 169) Eighteen-month-old Bridger is running in the park when he reaches a steep
embankment. He stops, looks up, and then drops to his hands and knees and begins crawling
up. This illustrates the concept of:
A. perceptual processes.
B. ecological functions.
C. affordances.
D. sensory function.
58. (p. 170) Dr. Jackson measures how long an infant regards different visual stimuli. Which
experimental method is this?
A. visual perceptual
B. sensory perception
C. dynamic systems
D. visual preference
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
59. (p. 170) Which of the following methods should Dr. Kim use if she wants to determine
whether infants can distinguish one stimulus from another?
A. accommodation/assimilation
B. tracing
C. tracking
D. visual preference
60. (p. 169) Which of the following would be the MOST useful dependent variable in studying
infant perception?
A. length of visual fixation
B. item patterns
C. infant age
D. amount of crying
61. (p. 169) Infant Autumn begins to fuss and appears to be bored with her bouncer seat toys
after several minutes. Autumn's mother does not put Autumn in the seat for a few days. When
Autumn returns to the seat, she is very content to sit and play. This is an example of:
A. tracking.
B. habituation/dishabituation.
C. visual preference.
D. sensation and perception response.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
62. (p. 170-171) Ben and Becca have two deaf children. When their third child is born, which
method could they use to test their infant's hearing?
A. high-amplitude sucking
B. visual preference
C. habituation/dishabituation
D. auditory preference
64. (p. 170-171) What is commonly used to assess an infant's reaction to visual or auditory
stimuli?
A. sucking behavior
B. vocalization
C. facial expression
D. voice pitch
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
65. (p. 170) When a 2-day-old infant consistently shows a visual preference for a bull's-eye
pattern over a checkerboard pattern, we know that the infant:
A. has normal 20/20 vision.
B. can see fine details as well as adults can.
C. can see the difference between the two patterns.
D. recognizes circles more quickly than squares.
66. (p. 170) Robert Fantz (1963) randomly presented face patterns, newsprint, bull's-eye
patterns, or colored circles in a looking chamber and then measured how long an infant
fixated on each item. What was the independent variable in this study?
A. time the infant fixated on an item
B. age of the infants when they could see the patterns
C. number of items presented
D. type of item presented (face pattern, newsprint, etc.)
67. (p. 170) What is the name given to decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated
presentations of the stimulus?
A. habituation
B. dishabituation
C. visual preference
D. affordance
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
68. (p. 172) As measured on the Snellen chart, a newborn's vision is estimated to be:
A. 20/100.
B. 20/240.
C. 20/150.
D. 20/50.
69. (p. 172) William James said that the newborn's perceptual world is "a blooming, buzzing
confusion." What did he mean?
A. The newborn's environment is loud.
B. The newborn has advanced skills in hearing even soft sounds.
C. The newborn lacks the perceptual skills to make sense of the surrounding stimuli.
D. The newborn can see to some degree, but hearing is not well developed.
70. (p. 170, 172) Baby Jacci is shown four drawings—a blue square, a white oval, a drawing of a
face, and a black-and-white bull's-eye. Based on Fantz's work, which will she probably prefer
to look at?
A. the oval
B. the face
C. the square
D. the bull's-eye
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
71. (p. 170, 172) Su-Fang would like to hang one picture above her baby's crib. Which of the
following would attract the MOST attention from the infant?
A. a red circle
B. a drawing of a face
C. a bull's-eye pattern
D. a bright white square
72. (p. 172) At what age is an infant able to distinguish male from female voices, discriminate
between ethnic groups, and match grandma's voice to her face?
A. 3 months
B. 8 months
C. 1 year
D. 2 years
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
73. (p. 173) Christopher knows that the ball he is holding is smaller than the dog across the
street, even though the retinal image of the dog is actually smaller than that of the ball. This is
an example of:
A. sensory compensation.
B. perceptual size constancy.
C. binocular sensation.
D. glaucoma.
74. (p. 173) The table appears to change shape depending on the angle from which baby Cory
observes it. This is an example of:
A. binocular perception.
B. sensory compensation.
C. perceptual shape constancy.
D. visual lateralization.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
75. (p. 173) Jane views a chair differently whether she is sitting on the floor or standing next to
it, but she knows it is a chair no matter the orientation. This is an example of:
A. depth perception.
B. size constancy.
C. shape constancy.
D. object constancy.
76. (p. 173) From the top of the Ferris wheel, the people on the ground look small, but Allison
knows they are regular-sized humans. This is an example of:
A. object constancy.
B. depth perception.
C. shape constancy.
D. size constancy.
77. (p. 174) In the Gibson-Walk experiment, most of the babies who were encouraged to crawl
off the visual cliff would:
A. crawl off the drop off.
B. not crawl off the cliff.
C. crawl off the cliff side if their mothers coaxed them.
D. crawl off the cliff but showed a significant increase in heart rate indicating anxiety.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
79. (p. 174) Robert's teacher notices that he keeps blinking his eyes and squinting to see the
board. These are signs that Robert may have:
A. attention deficit disorder.
B. vision problems.
C. color blindness.
D. presbyopia.
80. (p. 174) Two-year-old Saunder rubs his eyes, squints, tilts his head, and blinks excessively.
Saunder's parents should:
A. give him more daytime naps.
B. encourage more nighttime sleep.
C. make an appointment with an ophthalmologist.
D. wait for the results of the kindergarten vision screening.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
81. (p. 175) Fifty-two-year-old Curtis is beginning to lose his ability to focus and maintain
images on his retina. This condition is known as:
A. macular degeneration.
B. cataracts.
C. glaucoma.
D. presbyopia.
82. (p. 175) Kyle has progressive presbyopia. What is likely to help correct this condition?
A. bifocal glasses
B. trifocal glasses
C. surgery to remove the eyes' cloudy areas
D. a diet rich in vitamin A
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
83. (p. 175) Forty-seven-year-old Dixie is able to read better when she holds the book further
from her face. The recent decline in her visual acuity is common among individuals her age
and is known as:
A. glaucoma.
B. macular degeneration.
C. dark adaptation.
D. presbyopia.
84. (p. 175) Al avoids driving at night because it is difficult for his eyes to adjust after he passes
oncoming cars. Al is having a problem with:
A. dark adaptation.
B. depth perception.
C. presbyopia.
D. his blind spot.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
85. (p. 175) Thora's grandson has noticed that Thora uses increasingly brighter colors in her
paintings. Thora may be compensating for:
A. glaucoma.
B. reduction in the quality or intensity of light reaching the retina.
C. a problem with dark adaptation.
D. presbyopia.
87. (p. 176) Ilene has difficulty negotiating steps and street curbs. She is having a problem with:
A. dark adaptation.
B. depth perception.
C. presbyopia.
D. her blind spot.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
88. (p. 176) Stella has just returned from the doctor and was told she has cloudy areas in the
lenses of her eyes. Stella has:
A. glaucoma.
B. nearsightedness.
C. macular degeneration.
D. cataracts.
89. (p. 176) Will is going to have surgery to remove a thick layer on his eye that is causing
cloudy vision. He has:
A. glaucoma.
B. macular degeneration.
C. cataracts.
D. presbyopia.
90. (p. 176) Allan is having laser surgery to repair the deterioration of his retina. He has:
A. glaucoma.
B. presbyopia.
C. cataracts.
D. macular degeneration.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
92. (p. 176) Harley's ophthalmologist is glad he came in. She gives him eye drops to treat a
buildup of fluid that can damage his optic nerve or destroy his vision if it goes untreated.
Harley has:
A. presbyopia.
B. macular degeneration.
C. glaucoma.
D. cataracts.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
94. (p. 177) DeCasper and Spence (1986) measured babies' sucking rates as they listened to a
story they had heard in the womb (The Cat in the Hat) and to a story that they had not heard
(The King, the Mice, and the Cheese). In this study, the dependent variable is:
A. sucking.
B. age of the fetus when reading began.
C. which story was read.
D. mother's voice versus other voice.
95. (p. 177) DeCasper and Spence (1986) measured babies' sucking rates as they listened to a
story they had heard in the womb (The Cat in the Hat) and to a story that they had not heard
(The King, the Mice, and the Cheese). The study concluded that:
A. amniotic fluid blocks sound waves from reaching the fetus.
B. increased heart rate showed that an infant could learn even before it is born.
C. different sucking styles showed that an infant could learn even before it is born.
D. the cadence of the reading material, not previous experience, altered sucking style and rate.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
96. (p. 177) We know that fetuses can hear before birth because newborns:
A. show aversion to loud noises.
B. show preferences for sounds presented repeatedly before birth.
C. go to sleep while hearing lullabies.
D. respond more when hearing sounds that were not presented before birth.
98. (p. 177) Which of the following is TRUE of infants' auditory development?
A. Infants are more sensitive to the pitch of a sound than adults are.
B. Immediately after birth, infants cannot hear soft sounds as well as adults.
C. Infants cannot distinguish the location from which a sound originates.
D. A fetus can hear sounds during only the last 2 weeks of pregnancy.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
100. (p. 178) Which of the following is a small, electronic device that directly stimulates the
auditory nerve?
A. auditory laser implant
B. hearing aid
C. cochlear implant
D. otitis media intervention
101. (p. 178) What is the condition common in children that can temporarily impair hearing?
A. diabetes
B. glaucoma
C. otitis media
D. presbyopia
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
103. (p. 178) Hearing can start to decline by the age of 40. What usually declines first?
A. sensitivity to soft sounds
B. functioning of the cochlea
C. sensitivity to low pitches
D. sensitivity to high pitches
104. (p. 178) What percentage of adults over 70 years of age has some type of hearing problem?
A. 15 percent
B. 22 percent
C. 54 percent
D. 63 percent
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
105. (p. 178) Fifteen percent of people over 65 are legally deaf usually due to degeneration of
the primary neural receptor for hearing in the inner ear, or the:
A. cochlea.
B. eardrum.
C. retina.
D. otitis media.
106. (p. 179) Older adults with _____ experience the most declines in health and functioning.
A. hearing loss
B. vision loss
C. both vision and hearing loss
D. vision loss and declines in sense of touch
107. (p. 179) Infant boys often drift into a deep sleep after circumcision. This is most likely:
A. a mechanism to cope with the pain.
B. a coincidence because infants do not feel pain.
C. due to the medication used to numb the area.
D. an Eriksonian developmental trust crisis.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
108. (p. 180) Which of the following is true of older adults' experience of touch and pain?
A. There are no changes in touch and pain with age.
B. Older adults detect touch less in their ankles than their shoulders.
C. Older adults detect touch less in their wrists than their knees.
D. Older adults find the decline in touch sensitivity problematic.
109. (p. 180) Six-day-old Shayli is presented with two nursing pads. One is soaked with her
mother's breast milk and the other is clean. Shayli will MOST likely:
A. show no preference for either nursing pad.
B. prefer her mother's nursing pad.
C. prefer the clean nursing pad.
D. show no response unless she is hungry.
110. (p. 180) Which of the following statements is true regarding smell and taste in the elderly?
A. These senses do not decline as we age.
B. Smell significantly decreases, but taste remains the same.
C. Healthy elderly adults are less likely to experience a decline in these senses than unhealthy
elderly adults.
D. Smell and taste become more sensitive as we age.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
111. (p. 180) Research indicates that babies are first able to use their sense of taste _____ birth.
A. before
B. by 1 week after
C. by 6 weeks after
D. by 3 months after
112. (p. 180) Which taste preference develops at about 4 months of age?
A. sweet
B. sour
C. salty
D. bitter
113. (p. 180) Brenda's grandmother is 83 years old. She most likely doesn't show much interest
in her food because:
A. medication has caused her sensitivity to odors to increase.
B. activity has increased in the olfactory pathways of her brain.
C. her sense of taste has intensified to an unbearable degree.
D. her sense of smell has declined.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
115. (p. 181) If infants are able to engage in intermodal perception, this means they are able to:
A. isolate the sensory source of information.
B. coordinate information across different senses.
C. sense visual and auditory stimuli at the same time.
D. generate an internal representation of the sensory information.
116. (p. 181) What is the currently accepted view of intermodal perception?
A. Intermodal perception is developed early in infancy.
B. Newborns are born with some intermodal capabilities, but they improve through
experience.
C. A person's intermodal perception is not coordinated until middle adulthood.
D. Experience is not essential to the development of intermodal perception.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
117. (p. 181) An infant will look more at his mother when he also hears her voice. This is an
example of:
A. vis-aud coordination.
B. brain lateralization.
C. intermodal perception.
D. transharmony.
118. (p. 181) Dr. Smith believes that the ability to perceive the world in a competent, organized
way is innate. Dr. Smith seems to uphold the:
A. empiricist view.
B. nativist view.
C. intermodal perception.
D. ecological view.
119. (p. 183) Dr. Dre is interested in how people assemble motor behaviors for perceiving and
acting. He is most likely taking a:
A. dynamic systems approach.
B. ecological approach.
C. natavist approach.
D. behavioral approach.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
120. (p. 183) Dr. McDreamy is interested in how perception guides action. He is most likely
taking a:
A. dynamic systems approach.
B. ecological approach.
C. natavist approach.
D. behavioral approach.
121. (p. 183) Evangeline is 80 years old and is involved in a program designed to enhance speed
of processing in an effort to reduce her risk of crashing while driving. This program involves:
A. education.
B. cognitive training.
C. dynamic systems training.
D. perceptual-action coupling.
122. (p. 183) A program that has been shown to reduce at-fault accidents in older adults by more
than 40 percent is:
A. education.
B. cognitive training.
C. dynamic systems training.
D. perceptual-action coupling.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
123. (p. 183) When babies crawl or walk, the environment teaches them how objects and people
look from different perspectives. This illustrates:
A. education.
B. cognitive training.
C. dynamic systems training.
D. perceptual-action coupling.
Infants assemble motor skills for perceiving and acting. In order to develop motor skills,
infants must perceive something in the environment that motivates them to act and use their
perceptions to fine-tune their movements.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
125. (p. 160) List and briefly describe three infant reflexes.
126. (p. 161-167) Define gross and fine motor skills, and give an example of each.
1. Gross motor skills involve large muscle activities. Examples: moving arms and walking.
2. Fine motor skills involve more finely tuned movements. Examples: finger dexterity,
coordination of the thumb and forefinger, hand-eye coordination, hand rotation.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
127. (p. 164-165) List three positive and three negative consequences of participation in children's
sports.
Positive:
1. Exercise
2. Learn how to compete
3. Increased self-esteem
4. Increased social skills with peers
5. Increased social skills with adults
6. Meet new friends
7. Increased physical fitness
8. Lower fat mass
Negative:
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
128. (p. 165) List three "dos" and three "don'ts" for parents and coaches of children in sports.
Dos:
Sensation occurs when information interacts with sensory receptors—eyes, ears, tongue,
nostrils, and skin. Perception is the interpretation of what is sensed.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
130. (p. 169-170) Briefly describe Eleanor and James Gibson's ecological theory.
We directly perceive information that exists around us. Perception brings us into contact with
the environment in order to interact with and adapt to it. Perception is designed for action.
Affordances are opportunities for interaction offered by objects that are necessary to perform
activities. We perceive affordances by sensing information from the environment. As we
become more experienced, we better understand what interactions objects "afford" and we
adjust our actions accordingly.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
133. (p. 170) Define and give an example of size and shape constancy.
Size constancy: recognition that an object remains the same even though the retinal image of
the object changes. (Any example involving an understanding that the size of an object stays
the same even though it may appear smaller or larger depending on distance or vantage point.)
Shape constancy: recognition that an object remains the same shape even though its
orientation to us changes. (Any example involving an understanding that the shape of an
object remains the same even though it may appear otherwise depending on viewing angle.)
134. (p. 176) List and describe two diseases that can impair the vision of older adults.
1. Cataracts: thickening of the lens of the eye that causes vision to become cloudy, opaque,
and distorted.
2. Glaucoma: damage to the optic nerve due to pressure created by a buildup of fluid in the
eye.
3. Macular degeneration: deterioration of the retina.
Intermodal perception: the ability to relate and integrate information about two or more
sensory modalities, such as vision and hearing.
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Chapter 05 - Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
136. (p. 181-182) Compare and contrast the nativist vs. empiricist view of perceptual
development.
Nativists believe that the ability to perceive the world in a competent, organized way is inborn
or innate.
Empiricists emphasize learning and experience.
137. (p. 183) Define perceptual-motor coupling, and describe how this concept applies to an
infant's development.
Perceptual-motor coupling: Action guides perception, and perception guides action. Babies
continually coordinate their movements with perceptual information to learn how to maintain
balance, reach for objects in space, and move across various surfaces and terrains.
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A Topical Approach to Life-Span Development Santrock 7th Edition Test Bank
138. (p. 183) Based on what you have read in the text, if I were to design a program to reduce at-
risk accidents in old people, what type of interventions would have a high degree of efficacy?
Cognitive training programs have shown some success in older adults, including improving
their driving safety and making driving less difficult. In one study conducted by Karlene Ball
and her colleagues (2010), training designed to enhance speed of processing produced more
than a 40 percent reduction in at-fault crashes over a 6-year period.
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