Refresher - MATHEMATICS Quiz 9

PROBLEM 1:
A test consists of five questions, and to pass the test, a student has to answer at least four
questions correctly. Each question has three possible answers, of which only one is correct.
If a student guesses on which question, what is the probability that the student will pass the
test?

Solution:
#
𝑃= (probability that one is correct out of 3 questions)
$
1 2
𝑞 =1− =
3 3

0 1 2 3 4 5

at least 4 questions

Probability that the student will pass the test

P = P4 + P5
,!
𝑃+ = (,/0)! 0!
𝑝 3 𝑞,/0

4! # + 7 #
𝑃+ = (4/+)! +!
5 6 5 6
$ $

𝑃+ = 0.04115
4! # 4 7 <
𝑃4 = (4/4)! 4!
5 6 5 6
$ $

𝑃4 = 0. 004115
𝑃 = 𝑃+ + 𝑃4
P = 0.04115 + 0.004115
P = 0.0453
Refresher - MATHEMATICS Quiz 9
PROBLEM 2:
3> (0/#)>
Find the eccentricity of the hyperbola whose equation is
7
− $?
=1

Solution:

(𝑦 − 𝑘)7 (𝑥 − ℎ)7
− =1
𝑎7 𝑏7

a2 = 2 b2 = 36

a 2 + b2 = c2

2 + 36 = c2

c2 = 38

𝑐
𝑒=
𝑎

√38
𝑒=
√2

e = 4.4
Refresher - MATHEMATICS Quiz 9
PROBLEM 3:
What value of k will make the solutions of the equation kx2 – 12x + 9 = 0 equal?

Solution:
In a quadratic equation to have equal roots

b2 – 4ac = 0

kx2 – 12x + 9 = 0

a = k b = - 12 c=9

b2 – 4ac = 0

(- 12)2 – 4(k)(9) = 0

36k = 144

k=4
Refresher - MATHEMATICS Quiz 9
PROBLEM 4:
A student must have an average (the mean) on five tests that is greater than or equal to
80% but less than 90% to receive a final grade of B. Devon’s grades on the first four tests
were 98%, 76%, 86% and 92%. What range of grades on the fifth test would give him 𝑎J in
the course?

Solution:
x = 5th grade
98 + 76 + 86 + 92 + 𝑥 352 + 𝑥
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = =
5 5
To obtain 𝐵 in this course, his average must be greater than or equal to 80 between less
than 90.
352 + 𝑥
80 ≤ ≤ 90
5
352 + 𝑥
80 ≤
5
352 + 𝑥
80 =
5
x = 48
(352 + 𝑥)
≤ 90
5
352 + 48
≤ 90
5
80 ≤ 90
352 + 𝑥
= 90
5
x = 98
Therefore, a grade of 48% up to but not including 98% on the 5th test will result in a grade of
B in this course.
Refresher - MATHEMATICS Quiz 9
PROBLEM 5:
Find an equation of the plane that contains the point (4, -1, 3) and is
perpendicular to the vector 𝑛 = 2 𝑖 + 8𝑗 − 5𝑘

Solution:
Equation of plane that contains (4, -1, 3) and perpendicular the vector
𝑎 = 2 𝑖 + 8𝑗 − 5𝑘
Substitute 𝑖 = 𝑥 − 4 𝑗 =𝑦+1 𝑘 = 𝑧 − 3 and equal to 0
2 (𝑥 − 4) + 8 (𝑦 + 1) − 5 (𝑧 − 3) = 0
2𝑥 − 8 + 8𝑦 + 8 − 5𝑧 + 15 = 0
2𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 5𝑧 + 15 = 0 (equation of plane perpendicular to 𝑎 = 2𝑖 + 8𝑗 − 5𝑘)
Refresher - MATHEMATICS Quiz 9
PROBLEM 6:
From the following data for machine A, find the IRR and compare to the MARR = 15% and
indicate whether the project is satisfied:

Machine A
First Cost $ 20 000
Project Life 5 years
Salvage value $ 4000
Annual Receipts $10 000
Annual disbursement $4, 400

SV =4000
Solution: A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 =10,000 (receipts)
SV =4000

A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 =10,000 (receipts)
A = 10000 – 4400
A = 5600 (annual income)
A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 =4400
$20,000 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 =4400
$20,000 4000
𝐴 [(1 + 𝑖 ), − 1] 4000 A A A A A1 4000
20000 = +
(1 + 𝑖 ), 𝑖 (1 + 𝑖 )4
A A A A A1
5600[(1 + 𝑖), − 1] 4000
20000 = +
(1 + 𝑖 )4 𝑖 (1 + 𝑖 ) 4
Try i = 16.7% 20,000
5600 [(1.167)4 − 1] 4000
20000 = + 20,000
(1.167)4 (0.167) (1.167)4
= 18041 + 1848
20,000 = 19889 almost equal:
Use IRR = 16.7% > MARR of 15%
Therefore, the project is satisfactory.
Refresher - MATHEMATICS Quiz 9
PROBLEM 7:
Nuclear power facilities must be rebuilt or shut down about 30 to 40 years after
they begin operating. The shutdown in Aug. 1989 of the 330 MW Ft.St. Vrain
power plant in Colorado provides an example of salvage costs. These costs are
linked to partially dismantling the facility to remove high level radioactive material,
to closing the facility for about 50 years, to the final decommissioning of the facility
and to caring for the hazardous wastes generated during operation and
dismantling. The initial dismantling cost is a typical salvage at the end of the study
period. The cost of caring for the waste is really the present value of costs over a
centuries-long period. These costs are estimated to exceed $200 M after 20 years
of use of a facility that cost $1 B (Barrett). In the United States about $180 billion
has been spent on nuclear power plant construction. The total cost to shut down
those facilities is estimated to be $50 B to $100 B. Using an interest rate of 5%
and an operating period of 30 years, what is the present worth at project start up
of the salvage costs and what is the percentage of these present worths to the
first cost?
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 29 30
Solution:
50
P1 =
(1.05)30 P1

P1 = $11.57 B

100
P2 =
(1.05)30
P2 = $23.1 B
P2

Percentage of the present cost to its final cost:

11.57
%= (100) = 6.4%
180
23.1
%= (100) = 12.8%
180
Refresher - MATHEMATICS Quiz 9
PROBLEM 8:
Find the height f(c) of rectangle so that the area A under the graph of
y = x2 + 1 on [-2, 2] is the same as f(c) = [2 - (- 2)] = 4 f(c).

Solution:
2
A=∫ -2
ydx
2 y = x2 +1
A=∫ 2
(x + 1)dx
-2
2
⎡ x3 ⎤
A = ⎢ + x⎥
⎣3 ⎦- 2
28
A=
3
4f(c) = 4(c 2 + 1)
28
4(c 2 + 1) = -2 2
3
7
c 2+ 1 =
3
2
3c + 3 = 7
3c 2 = 4
2 7
c= f(c) =
3
3
f(c) = c 2+ 1
2
⎛ 2 ⎞ -2 2
f(c) = ⎜ +1
⎝ 3 ⎟⎠ 3 3
4
f(c) = +1
3
7
f(c) =
3