BAB 3 Kuasa Dua, Punca Kuasa Dua, Kuasa Tiga Dan Punca Kuasa Tiga

Squares, Square Roots, Cubes And Cube Roots

3.1 Kuasa Dua dan Punca Kuasa Dua Buku Teks: m.s. 48 – 52

A. Tentukan sama ada setiap nombor yang berikut ialah kuasa dua sempurna atau bukan.
Determine whether each of the following numbers is a perfect square. SP3.1.2 TP2

1. 100
225 225 100

9 25 4 25

3 3 5 5 2 2 5 5
225 = 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 Faktor perdana boleh dikumpulkan 100 = 2 × 2 × 5 × 5
= (3 × 5) × (3 × 5) dalam dua kumpulan yang sama. = (2 × 5) × (2 × 5)
Prime factors can be grouped into
= 15 × 15 two identical groups. = 10 × 10
Maka, 225 ialah kuasa dua sempurna. Maka, 100 ialah kuasa dua sempurna.
Thus, 225 is a perfect square. Thus, 100 is a perfect square.

2. 160 3. 324
160 324

8 20 9 36

2 4 4 5 3 3 6 6
160 = 2 × 4 × 4 × 5 324 = 3 × 3 × 6 × 6
= (3 × 6) × (3 × 6)
Maka, 160 bukan kuasa dua sempurna.
Thus, 160 is not a perfect square. = 18 × 18
Maka, 324 ialah kuasa dua sempurna.
Thus, 324 is a perfect square.

B. Lengkapkan setiap yang berikut.

Complete each of the following. SP3.1.3 TP2

1. 13 × 13 = 169 2. 0.8 × 0.8 = 0.64

172 = 289 Maka/Thus, Maka/Thus,
Maka/Thus,
169 = 13 × 13 0.64 = 0.8 × 0.8
289 = 17 × 17
= 17 = 13 = 0.8

3. 252 = 625 4. 522 = 2 704 5. 12.52 = 156.25

Maka/Thus, Maka/Thus, Maka/Thus,

625 = 25 × 25 2 704 = 52 × 52 156.25 = 12.5 × 12.5

= 25 = 52 = 12.5

27 SP 3.1.2 TP 1 2 3 4 5 6 SP 3.1.3 TP 1 2 3 4 5 6
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 3.1 Kuasa Dua dan Punca Kuasa Dua Buku Teks: m.s. 52 – 54

A. Hitung nilai bagi setiap yang berikut tanpa menggunakan kalkulator.

Calculate the value of each the following without using a calculator. SP3.1.4 TP3 Video

1. 142 = 14 × 14 2. (–19)2 = (–19) × (–19)

(−16)2 = (–16) × (–16) = 196 = 361
= 256 (–) × (–) = (+)
Video

3. 0.62 = 0.6 × 0.6

冢 59 冣 = 冢 59 冣 × 冢 9 冣
5 2 12 12
冢 冣 = 冢– 5 冣 × 冢– 5 冣
2 2
4. 5. – 2
= 0.36 5
25 144
= =
81 25
19
=5
25

B. Cari nilai bagi setiap yang berikut dengan menggunakan kalkulator.

Find the value of each of the following using a calculator. SP3.1.4 TP3

11 121
冢 冣
2
(a) (12.3)2 = 151.29 (b) – =
15 225
Tekan/Press
Tekan/Press
1 2 . 3 x2 =
( (–) 1 1 a bc 1 5 ) x2 =

1. 342 = 1 156 2. (– 5.6)2 = 31.36 3. (– 0.48)2 = 0.2304

4. 23.62 = 556.96 3 9 1 1
冢 冣 冢 2冣
2 2
5. – = 6. 4 = 20
11 121 4

C. Cari nilai bagi setiap yang berikut tanpa menggunakan kalkulator.

Find the value of each of the following without using a calculator. SP3.1.5 TP3

1. 121 = 11 × 11 2. 0.64 = 0.8 × 0.8

36 = 6 × 6 = 11 = 0.8
=6

NOTA 18 = 9 1 = 49
3. 4. 12
• a × a = a =a 2 50 25 4 4
a a a 3 3 7 7
•
b
×
b
=
b
= × = ×
5 5 2 2
3 7
= =
5 2

28 SP 3.1.4 TP 1 2 3 4 5 6 SP 3.1.5 TP 1 2 3 4 5 6
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 3.1 Kuasa Dua dan Punca Kuasa Dua Buku Teks: m.s. 54 – 55

A. Cari nilai bagi setiap yang berikut dengan menggunakan kalkulator. Berikan jawapan betul kepada dua
tempat perpuluhan.
Find the value of each of the following using a calculator. Give the answers correct to two decimal places.
SP3.1.6 TP3

1. 73 = 8.54 2. 6.95 = 2.64

29 = 5.39
Tekan/Press
2 9 =

3. 245.3 = 15.66 9 5. 2 = 2.94

4. = 0.80 8
14 3

B. Anggarkan nilai bagi setiap yang berikut.

Estimate the value of each of the following. SP3.1.7(i) TP3

1. 8.832 2. 64.42
42.72
8 ⬍ 8.83 ⬍ 9 60 ⬍ 64.4 ⬍ 70
40 ⬍ 42.7 ⬍ 50
82 ⬍ 8.832 ⬍ 92 602 ⬍ 64.42 ⬍ 702
40 2 ⬍ 42.7 ⬍ 2
50 2

64 ⬍ 8.832 ⬍ 81 3 600 ⬍ 64.42 ⬍ 4 900

1 600 ⬍ 42.72 ⬍ 2 500
Maka/Thus, 8.832 ≈ 92 Maka/Thus, 64.42 ≈ 602
Maka/Thus, 42.7 ≈ 40 2 2

≈ 1 600 ≈ 81 ≈ 3 600

C. Anggarkan nilai bagi setiap yang berikut.

Estimate the value of each of the following. SP3.1.7(ii) TP3

1. 152 2. 0.78
79.5
144 ⬍ 152 ⬍ 169 0.64 ⬍ 0.78 ⬍ 0.81
64 ⬍ 79.5 ⬍ 81
144 ⬍ 152 ⬍ 169 0.64 ⬍ 0.78 ⬍ 0.81
64 ⬍ 79.5 ⬍ 81
12 ⬍ 152 ⬍ 13 0.8 ⬍ 0.78 ⬍ 0.9
8 ⬍ 79.5 ⬍ 9

Maka/Thus, 152 ≈ 144 Maka/Thus, 0.78 ≈ 0.81

Maka/Thus, 79.5 ≈ 81
≈ 12 ≈ 0.9
≈ 9

29 SP 3.1.6 TP 1 2 3 4 5 6 SP 3.1.7(i), (ii) TP 1 2 3 4 5 6

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 3.1 Kuasa Dua dan Punca Kuasa Dua Buku Teks: m.s. 55 – 57

A. Cari hasil darab bagi setiap yang berikut.

Find the product of each of the following. SP3.1.8 TP3

1. 3 × 27 2. 4 × 42.25
20 × 11.25 NOTA = 3 × 27 = 4 × 42.25
= 20 × 11.25 a × b = 81 = 169
= 225 = a×b
=9 = 13
= ab
= 15

3. 40 × 0.225
= 40 × 0.225
4.
3 冢
2 × – 8
27 冣 5. 3
6 ×
7
9
1
3
2×8
= 9 =– = 27 × 28
=3 3 × 27 7 3
27 28
= – 16 = ×
81 7 3
4 = 36
=–
9 =6

B. Selesaikan setiap masalah berikut.

Solve each of the following problems. SP3.1.9 TP4 TP5

1. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan dua segi empat 2. Dalam rajah di bawah, P, Q dan R ialah segi
sama, PQRS dan ABCD. empat sama.
The diagram shows two squares, PQRS and ABCD. In the diagram, P, Q and R are squares.
P S

D C
P
Q
A B R
Q R
A B
Diberi luas PQRS ialah 100 cm2 dan luas 12 cm
kawasan berlorek ialah 75 cm2. Cari panjang
Diberi luas P = 25 cm2 dan luas R = 9 cm2.
setiap sisi bagi segi empat sama ABCD.
Cari luas Q.
Given the area of PQRS is 100 cm2 and the area
Given the area of P = 25 cm2 and the area of
of the shaded region is 75 cm2. Find the length of
R = 9 cm2. Find the area of Q.
each side of the square ABCD.
Panjang sisi P/Length of side of P = 25
Luas segi empat sama ABCD
Area of the square ABCD
= 5 cm
= 100 – 75 Panjang sisi R/Length of side of R = 9
= 25 cm2 = 3 cm
Panjang setiap sisi ABCD Panjang sisi Q/Length of side of Q = 12 – 5 – 3
Length of each side of ABCD = 4 cm
= 25
= 5 cm Luas Q/Area of Q = 4 × 4 = 16 cm2

30 SP 3.1.8 TP 1 2 3 4 5 6 SP 3.1.9 TP 1 2 3 4 5 6
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 3.2 Kuasa Tiga dan Punca Kuasa Tiga Buku Teks: m.s. 58 – 62

A. Tentukan sama ada setiap nombor berikut ialah kuasa tiga sempurna atau bukan.
Determine whether each of the following numbers is a perfect cube. SP3.2.2 TP2

1. 512
1 000 1 000 512

8 125 8 64

2 4 5 25 2 4 8 8

2 2 2 5 5 5 2 2 2 2 4 2 4
1 000 = (2 × 5) × (2 × 5) × (2 × 5) 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 10 × 10 × 10
512 = (2 × 2 × 2) × (2 × 2 × 2) × (2 × 2 × 2)
Faktor perdana boleh dikumpulkan dalam tiga kumpulan yang sama.
Prime factors can be grouped into three identical groups. =8×8×8
Maka, 512 ialah kuasa tiga sempurna.
Maka, 1 000 ialah kuasa tiga sempurna.
Thus, 1 000 is a perfect cube.
Thus, 512 is a perfect cube.

2. 800 3. 1 728
800 1 728
8 100 8 216
2 4 2 50 2 4 6 36

2 2 2 2 5 10 2 2 6 6 6

2 5 1 728 = (2 × 6) × (2 × 6) × (2 × 6)
= 12 × 12 × 12
800 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5
Maka, 1 728 ialah kuasa tiga sempurna.
Maka, 800 bukan kuasa tiga sempurna. Thus, 1 728 is a perfect cube.
Thus, 800 is not a perfect cube.

B. Lengkapkan setiap yang berikut.

Complete each of the following. SP3.2.3 TP2

1. (–0.7) × (–0.7) × (–0.7) = –0.343

(–6) × (–6) × (–6) = –216
Maka/Thus,
Maka/Thus,
3
–0.343 = 3 (–0.7) × (–0.7) × (–0.7)
3
–216 = 3 (–6) × (–6) × (–6)

= (–6) = (–0.7)

2. 11 × 11 × 11 = 1 331 27
冢 35 冣
3
3. =
125
Maka/Thus,
27 = 3 3 3 3
Maka/Thus, 3 × ×
3
1 331 = 3 11 × 11 × 11 125 5 5 5

= 11 =
3
5

31 SP 3.2.2 TP 1 2 3 4 5 6 SP 3.2.3 TP 1 2 3 4 5 6
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 3.2 Kuasa Tiga dan Punca Kuasa Tiga Buku Teks: m.s. 63 – 66

A. Hitung nilai bagi setiap yang berikut tanpa menggunakan kalklator.

Calculate the value of each of the following without using a calculator. SP3.2.4 TP3

1. (–13)3 2. (0.9)3
3
21 = 21 × 21 × 21 = (–13) × (–13) × (–13) = 0.9 × 0.9 × 0.9
= 9 261 = –2 197 = 0.729

3. (–2.3)3
冢 79 冣 冢 1 3
冣
3
4. 5. –4
= (–2.3) × (–2.3) × (–2.3) 3
= 7 × 7 × 7 2 197
= –12.167 =–
9 9 9 27
= 343 10
= – 81
729 27

B. Cari nilai bagi setiap yang berikut dengan menggunakan kalkulator.

Find the value of each of the following using a calculator. SP3.2.4 TP3

1. 153 = 3 375 2. (−4.4)3 = −85.184

(−1.8)3 = −5.832
Tekan/Press
冢 37 冣 = 27 冢 1
冣
3
= – 343 = – 42 7
3
( (–) 1 . 8 ) x3 = 3. 4. –3
343 2 8 8

C. Cari nilai bagi setiap yang berikut tanpa menggunakan kalkulator.

Find the value of each of the following without using a calculator. SP3.2.5 TP3

1. 3 2. 3
125 0.008
3
3
64 = 4 × 4 × 4 = 35 × 5 × 5 = 3 0.2 × 0.2 × 0.2
=4
=5 = 0.2

冢–3 38 冣
3. 64 4. 5. 128
3 3 3
343 250
= 3 冢– 冣
27 64
=3 4 × 4 × 4 =3
7 7 7 8 125
4
=
7 = 3 冢– 32 冣 × 冢– 32 冣 × 冢– 32 冣 = 3
4
5
4
× ×
5
4
5
3 4
=– =
2 5

D. Cari nilai bagi setiap yang berikut dengan menggunakan kalkulator. Berikan jawapan betul kepada dua
tempat perpuluhan.
Find the value of each of the following using a calculator. Give the answer correct to two decimal places. SP3.2.6 TP3

1. 3 395 = 7.34 2. 3
27.3 = 3.01
3
28.7 = 3.06
Tekan/Press
15 2
3
2 8 . 7 = 3. 3 = 0.98 4. 3 –3 = –1.50
16 5

32 SP 3.2.5 TP 1 2 3 4 5 6 SP 3.2.6 TP 1 2 3 4 5 6
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 3.2 Kuasa Tiga dan Punca Kuasa Tiga Buku Teks: m.s. 66 – 67

A. Anggarkan nilai bagi setiap yang berikut.

Estimate the value of each of the following. SP3.2.7(i) TP3

1. 7.093 2. (−0.457)3
8.263
73 ⬍ 7.093 ⬍ 83 (– 0.5)3 ⬍ (– 0.457)3 ⬍ (– 0.4)3
8 ⬍ 8.26 ⬍ 9
3 3 3
343 ⬍ 7.093 ⬍ 512 – 0.125 ⬍ (– 0.457)3 ⬍ – 0.064
512 ⬍ 8.263 ⬍ 729
Maka/Thus, Maka/Thus,
Maka/Thus, 8.263 ≈ 83 ≈ 512 7.093 ≈ 73 ≈ 343 (– 0.457)3 ≈ (– 0.5)3 ≈ – 0.125

B. Anggarkan nilai bagi setiap yang berikut.

Estimate the value of each of the following. SP3.2.7(ii) TP3

1. 3 2. 3
269 –8.2
3
–490 3
216 ⬍ 3 269 ⬍ 3 343 3
–27 ⬍ 3 –8.2 ⬍ 3 –8
3
–512 ⬍ 3 –490 ⬍ 3 –343 6 ⬍ 3 269 ⬍ 7 –3 ⬍ 3 –8.2 ⬍ –2
–8 ⬍ 3 –490 ⬍ –7
Maka/Thus, Maka/Thus,
Maka/Thus, 3
269 ≈ 3 216 ≈ 6 3
–8.2 ≈ 3 –8 ≈ –2
3
–490 ≈ 3 –512 ≈ –8

C. Selesaikan masalah yang berikut.

Solve the following problems. SP3.2.8 TP4

1. Seutas wayar sepanjang 96 cm digunakan 2. Sebuah tangki berbentuk kubus dengan tepi
untuk membentuk sebuah kubus. Hitung isi 0.6 m mengandungi 0.16 m3 air. Hitung isi
padu kubus itu. padu, dalam m3, air yang diperlukan untuk
A roll of wire of length 96 cm is used to form the memenuhi tangki ini.
shape of a cube. Calculate the volume of the cube. A cubical tank with edges of 0.6 m contains
0.16 m3 of water. Calculate the volume, in m3, of
Panjang sisi kubus water needed to fill up the tank.
Length of side of the cube
= 96 cm ÷ 12 Isi padu tangki
= 8 cm Volume of the tank
= 0.6 × 0.6 × 0.6
Isi padu kubus = 0.216 m3
Volume of the cube
=8×8×8 Isi padu air yang diperlukan
= 512 cm3 Volume of water needed
= 0.216 − 0.16
= 0.056 m3

33 SP 3.2.7(i), (ii) TP 1 2 3 4 5 6 SP 3.2.8 TP 1 2 3 4 5 6

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 3.2 Kuasa Tiga dan Punca Kuasa Tiga Buku Teks: m.s. 66 – 67

Hitung nilai bagi setiap yang berikut.

Calculate the value of each of the following. SP3.2.9 TP3

NOTA
2 32
(–5) + – 23 Tertib pengiraan operasi bergabung:
50 Order of calculation the combined operations:
16
= 25 + –8 Kuasa dua, punca
25 × dan ÷ + dan −
kuasa dua, kuasa tiga Tanda kurung,
4 dari kiri ke kanan. dari kiri ke kanan.
= 25 + – 8 atau punca kuasa tiga. Brackets,
× and ÷ + and −
5 Squares, square roots, ( )
from left to right. from left to right.
4 cubes or cube roots.
= 17
5

1. 3
125 + (–0.5)2 2. (–8) – (1.2)2 + 64 3. 49 × 32 – (–4)2
= 5 + 0.25 = –8 – 1.44 + 8 = 7 × 9 – 16
= 5.25 = –1.44 = 63 – 16
= 47

冢 冣 5. 冢10 – 3 –125 冣2
2
16 4
4. – 1 × 23 6. 5 × (–0.6) + 13
25 = [10 – (–5)]2 9
= [10 + 5]2
= 冢5 冣
4 – 1 2 × 23
= 225 =
49
9
× (–0.6) + 1

冢 冣
2
= –1 ×8 = 7 × (–0.6) + 1
5 3
= 1 ×8 = –1.4 + 1
25 = –0.4
= 8
25

冢 6 14 – 2冣
2
12 1
7. (–4)2 + – (–2)3 8. 36 ÷ 9. 3 × (32 – 36 )2
27 125

= 36 ÷ 冢 – 2冣 = 1 × (9 – 6)2
4 – (–8) 2
= 16 + 25
9 4 5
= 16 + 2 + 8 = 1 × 32
冢 冣
2
3 = 36 ÷ 5 – 2 5
2 2
= 24
3 = 1 ×9
= 36 ÷ 1 5
4
= 9
= 36 × 4 5
= 144

34 SP 3.2.9 TP 1 2 3 4 5 6
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 PRAKTIS PT3

Bahagian A Bahagian B
1. Anggarkan nilai bagi (−2.85)2. 6. Gariskan nilai yang betul bagi setiap yang berikut.
Estimate the value of (−2.85)2. Underline the correct value of each of the following.
A – 27 [4 markah/4 marks]
B –8
C 8 (a) (–0.05)2 (– 0.025, 0.025, 0.0025)
D 27
(b) 0.0049 (0.007, 0.07, 0.7)

2. Antara berikut, yang manakah merupakan kuasa

冢 13 冣 冢 16 , 1 1
冣
3
(c)
tiga sempurna? 9 , 27
Which of the following is a perfect cube?
A –9 (d) 3 – 0.008 (– 0.2, – 0.02, – 0.002)
B –1
C 36
D 81 7. Anggarkan nilai dan padankan dengan jawapan
yang betul.
Estimate the values and match to the correct answers.
[4 markah/4 marks]
3. Diberi 169 = 13, maka 132 =
Given 169 = 13, thus 132 = Antara 25 dan 26
(a) 620 Between 25 and 26
A 13
B 26 Antara 22 dan 23
C 169 (b) 460 Between 22 and 23
D 196
Antara 24 dan 25
(c) 500 Between 24 and 25

4. 40 × 90 = (d) 650
Antara 21 dan 22
A 20 Between 21 and 22
B 30
C 60 8. Lengkapkan setiap yang berikut dengan nilai
D 180 yang betul.
Complete each of the following with the correct values.
[4 markah/4 marks]

5. Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah benar? (a) 169 = (–13) × (–13)
Which of the following statements is true?
25
A 1 bukan kuasa dua sempurna. (b) = 5 × 5
1 is not a perfect square. 64 8 8
B 64 ialah kuasa tiga bagi 8.
64 is a cube of 8. (c) 0.49 = 0.7 × 0.7
C 125 ialah kuasa tiga bagi 5.
125 is a cube of 5.
(d) 0.04 = 0.2 × 0.2
D (–4)3 ⬎ (–3)3

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 Bahagian C Diberi luas kain itu 4 m2. Tiga segi
empat sama dengan panjang sisi 80 cm
9. (a) Hitung nilai yang berikut. dipotong daripada kain itu. Cari luas,
Calculate the value of the following. dalam m2, baki kain itu.
Given the area of the cloth is 4 m2. Three
冢 冣
3
4
1− squares with the length of sides 80 cm are
9
cut from the cloth. Find the area, in m2, of
[2 markah/2 marks] the remaining cloth.

冢1 − 49 冣
3 [3 markah/3 marks]

Jumlah luas tiga segi empat sama

= 冢1 − 2 冣
3
Total area of the three squares
3 = (0.8 m × 0.8 m) × 3
= 0.64 × 3
= 冢1冣
3

3 = 1.92 m2

= 1 Luas baki kain

27 Area of the remaining cloth
= 4 – 1.92
= 2.08 m2
(b) Diberi a2 + b2 = 40. Hitung nilai-nilai yang
mungkin bagi a dan b.
Given a2 + b2 = 40. Calculate the possible values
of a and b.
[2 markah/2 marks]
(ii) Lengkapkan langkah-langkah operasi
a2 + b2 = 40
dengan nombor yang sesuai.
Dengan kaedah cuba jaya:
Complete the operation steps with the
With the trial-and error method:
suitable numbers.
[3 markah/3 marks]
22 + 62 = 4 + 36
= 40 11 1
1 ÷ 2
25 4
Maka/Thus, a = 2, b = 6 36 9
atau/or = ÷
25 4
62 + 22 = 36 + 4
3
= 40 = 6 ÷
5 2
Maka/Thus, a = 6, b = 2
2
= 6 ×
5 3
(c) (i) Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sehelai 4
=
kain berbentuk segi empat sama. 5
The diagram shows a piece of square cloth.

4 m2

80 cm

80 cm

36
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