SCIENCE - give as the truth in our lives
because it has the basis
LIMITATION OF SCIENCE --> ideas about
God, Morality, Time , belief
SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENT
Environmental Science
- deals the study with our environment,
Globally or locally
- ecology, chemistry, geology, engineering,
economics, politics, ethics, and philosophy
ENVIRONMENT
- - all the thing that surround us
- External condition and factors that affect
living organism
GOALS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
1. To develop a sustainable world
=> supply of food, water, clean air
and other resources can sustain Human
population
2. To Study Environmental Problem and
Issues
=> Priorities regarding acceptables
environmental preservation of natural
species and habitat.
CAUSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND
RESOURCES PROBLEM
1. Poverty
2. Rapid Population Growth
3. Rapid and wasteful use of resources
4. Failure of economic and political systems
to encourage earth-sustaining forms of
economic development
RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND
RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY
- Significant features of environmental
science
Ecological Resources
- anything required by an organisms for
normal maintenance, growth and
reproduction
- basic need, food, house etc
ECONOMIC RESOURCES
- obtained from the environmental to
meet human need and wants
- needs for development , transportation
etc.
TYPES OF RESOURCES
NON-RENEWABLE
- fixed quantity
- cannot replaces
RENEWABLE
- resources that can be replaced
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
- People develop awareness,
knowledge and concern
- Preserving, conserving and utilizing
the environment for the present and future
generation
- involving skill, motivation and
commitments to work together to solve
current environmental problem
GOALS OF ENVIRONMENTAL
EDUCATION
- Must develop in each citizen an
awareness and a sensitivity of the
environment and its problems. Teach
student the knowledge, understanding and
skill needed to solve the problem.
- consider all aspect environment //
natural & Man-made, technological, social,
economic, political, cultural, aesthetic and
knowledge
- must emphasize an enduring continuity,
linking action of today to the consequences
for tomorrow & needed to think globally
- sense of responsibility and commitment
to the future and prepare them to carry out
in improving the environment
- teach student critical thinking and inform
them the true meaning of environmental
science
UNITED NATIONS DECADE OF
EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT (UNDESD) - 2005-214
UNITED NATIONS GOALS
- Applicable all over the world
THE MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS - The environment is consist of different
TARGET interaction and relationship between living
=> sign 189 countries sept. 2000 including and non- living organisms
the head of states - Man is the most superior being in the
environment, thus, he is responsible for
GOAL 1 => Eradicate poverty and hunger preserving and taking good care of the
GOAL 2 => Achieve Universal primary environment
education
GOAL 3 => Promotes gender equality
GOAL 4 => Reduce child morality
👨 ST. Augustin => law is defined as an
ordinance of reason promulgated for the
(death sa bata) common good by him who is in charge
GOAL 5 => IMPROVE MATERNAL
HEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL LAW => has evolved to
GOAL 6 => COMBAT HIV/AIDS, malaria & protect our surrounding
other disease
GOAL 7 => Ensure environmental ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION
sustainability - include laws pertaining to the
GOAL 8 => Develop a global partnership for management of natural resources and the
development regulation of the discharge of materials into
the environment
PHILIPPINES GOALS - Set of legal rules addressed
=> Called The National Environmental specifically to human activities that affect
Education Action Plan For Sustainable the quality of environment
Development (NEEAP) - through the
environmental management Bureau (EMB) 📌 DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
5 GOALS
1. Poverty Reduction
=> To reduce poverty and hunger
✅
1. COMMONWEALTH ERA ( 1963-1942)
MINING ACT( Commonwealth Act.
No. 137)
2. Social Equity - Prohibition on the improper
=> fairness and justice
3. Empowerment and Good Governance
=> Good Leadership and
✅
disposal of mine waste and tailings
ANTI DUMPING LAW
- Prohibits the dumping of
transparency wastes into any river
4. Peace and solidarity
5. Ecology Integrity 2. AFTER REGAINING INDEPENDENCE

EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE

- Create awareness of sustainable
✅
(1946)
REPUBLIC ACT (RA) 3931
- First major legal declaration that
development issue pollution control was a policy
- Enhance knowledge and understanding - response to the emergence of
skills more industries and urban areas
- Influence value and attitudes
-
behavior
encourage more responsibilities

- Promote learning that leads to action

✅
3. MARTIAL LAW YEARS (1972-1986)

✅ PD 984 - POLLUTION CONTROL LAW

PD 1151 - PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENT

📌
SEPT. 06, 2021 ✅
POLICY
PD 1152 - PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL
JUSRISPRUDENCE ✅
CODE
PD 389 - FORESTY REFORM CODE
✅ PD 463 - MINERAL RESOURCES
✅
household and commercial waste

✅
DEVELOPMENT DECREE OF 1974
PD 984 - (AMENDED BY EXECUTIVE
ORDER 192)
DENR DEPARTMENT
ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER 28 OR THE
INTERIM GUIDELINES FOR THE
=> air and water quality IMPORTATION OF RECYCLABLE

✅
management
PD 1181
=> Abatement, control and ✅
MATERIAL CONTAINING HAZAROUS
SUBTANCES
RA 8749 CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1999
prevention of vehicular pollution and => Banning all forms of garbage
establishing the max. allowable emission of incineration and imposes higher emission

✅
specific air pollutant
PD 979
=> Prohibits the discharge of oil
standard on oil products to lower the

noxious liquid substances and other harmful
substances into the country's island and
✅
amount of pollution they generate
RA 3571
=> Prohibiting the cutting, destroying or
injuring of planted or growing trees or

✅
territorial waste
PD 825 - PROHIBITS THE IMPROPER
DISPOSAL OF GARBAGE
flowering plants along plazas, parks, public

✅
roads
RA 9275 PHILIPPINE CLEAN WATER

✅ PD 856 - KNOWN AS SANITATION

CODE
ACT OF 2004

📌 ENVIRONMENTAL ADMINISTRATIVE/

✅ PD 1096 - KNOWN AS NATIONAL

BUILDING CODE
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
1. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
BUREAU
• National Pollution Control

✅
4. PRESENT LAW
REPUBLIC ACT (RA) 6969 TOXIC
SUBTANCES & NUCLEAR WASTE
Commission
• National Environmental Council
• Environmental Center of the
CONTROL ACT OF 1990 Philippines
=> Prohibits the importation, 2. LAND MANAGEMENT BUREAU
storage or transport of toxic or nuclear

✅
waste into or through the Philippines
RA 7586 NATIONAL INTEGRATED
PROTECTED AREAS SYSTEM LAW
3. DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
AND NATURAL RESOURCES (DENR)
- Protects our environment
=> Biodiversity conservation, 4. FOREST MANAGEMENT BUREAU
natural resources management and

✅
protection of the plants and animals
HOUSE BILL 5668
=> penalize all chemical,
5. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
- In charge of soil conservation,
regulation on the use of pesticides and
thermal and industrial plants and factories fertilizer
found to be violating environmental

✅
protection laws
HB 8622
=> Endorses emission and
6. PROTECT
BUREAU
AREAS & WILDLIFE

water pollution charge system by promoting 7. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

cooperation and self regulation among AND HIGHWAYS

✅
industries and market
RA 9003 SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000
- Responsible on the construction of
flood control system
8. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (DOH) -
=> Garbage segregation scheme, Charge of environmental health & sanitation
9. DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND PAHSES OF ECOLOGICAL OF
TECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
- Undertakes environmental research ASSESSMENT(EIA)
10. HOUSING AND LAND USE
REGULATORY BOARD (HLURB) PHASE 1: DEFINING STUDY GOALS
- Responsible for enforcing regulation 1. what info. is needed
on land use 2. where are the resources and what are
11. LAGUNA LAKE DEVELOPMENT the availability
AUTHORITY (LLDA)
- Control industrial pollution and Phase 2. IDENTIFYING POTENTIAL
enforcement of land use IMPACTS
1. what are the boundaries / affected area
12. METRO MANILA DEVELOPMENT 2. what is the range of potential impact
AUTHORITY (MMDA) 3. which potential impacts are most
significant // violate law/health risk etc.
SEPT. 13 2021
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PHASE 3. MEASURING BASELINE
ASSESSMENT CONDITION & PREDICTING
SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS
ENVIRONMENTAL/ ECOLOGICAL 1. Base line condition ( // population, size,
IMPACT ASSESSMENT role,)
- this phrase is associated w/ 2. Prediction
environmental impact statements 3. Estimation of likelihood
- refers to as a wide range of predictive 4. Summarizing
task within environmental planning
- focuses in the prediction & evaluation of PHASE 4 EVALUATING SIGNIFICANT
the effects of human activities on the FINDINGS
structure & functions of normal ecosystem 1. how are the effects distributed among
components afffected group
2. how well are goals achieved by the
TERMINOLOGIES proposal
1. ECOLOGICAL
=> refers to the components of ecosystem PHASE 5 CONSIDERING ALTERNATIVE
• Biotic / Living things TO THE PROPOSED ACTION
• Abiotic / Non-Living things
2. IMPACT PHASE 6 COM. OF FINDINGS &
=> effect of human induced action on the RECOMMENDATION
ecosystem
4. ASSESSMENT PHASE 7 MONITORING EFFECTS OF
=> refers to analyzing & Evaluating impacts ACTION
on ecosystem
=> Identifying action LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF EIA
PD 1151 => phil. environmental policy
MAIN OBJECTIVE OF CONDUCTING EIA June 6, 1977 => yr declared together w/
- to have an opportunity to identify costly LOI no. 549
and undesirable effect and to modify LOI NO. 549 => Establishment of an
projects in the design stage administrative system for EIA
 4 SIGNIFICANT STATEMENT UNDER
PHIL. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF
1997
1. National Environmental Policy
2. National Environmental Goal
3. Right to Healthy Environment
4. Environment Impact System
- comprehensive process of assessing
the significant of the project
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE
CERTIFICATE
- Document issued by the DENR of
authorize representative
A. the proposal project will not cause any
negative environmental impact
B. The proponent has complied with all
requirements of EIS System
C. The proponents is committed to
implement the project approved
environment management plan
SEPT. 15 2021
MATTER, ENERGY AND LIFE IN
ECOSYSTEM
matter- anything that occupy space and
have mass
Energy - ability/capacity to do work
2 types of Energy
Kinetic => energy in motion
Potential => Energy at rest
ECOSYSTEM
- cell, organisms and the ecosystem are
living system, demonstrating influx and
utilization of specific atoms and energy
- matter tends to be cycled within the
ecosystem but energy flows through,
requiring constant replenishment to
maintain the system
COMPONENTS OF AN ECOSYSTEM
1. BIOTIC (living) COMPONETS
A. PRODUCERS => Called autotrophs
=> They manufacture their own foods
Ex. Plants
B. CONSUMERS => Called heterotrophs.
=> cannot produce their own foods
=> eat plants, wastes of other living things
TYPES OF CONSUMER
HERBIVORES => eat plants products
CARNIVORES => eat animals
OMNIVORES => eat both plants and animal
product
C. DECOMPOSERS
=> are fungi & bacteria that convert
organic compounds into inorganic forms /
can used again by living organisms
=> Get energy from waste of plants
& animal as well as from the dead bodies
organism
GOOD BACTERIA => like Yakult, yogurt
2. ABIOTIC (non-living) COMPONENTS
=> independent
A. LIGHT
=> Aids in photosynthesis
=> activities of plants (flowering),
B. TEMPERATURE/CLIMATE
=> effect of temp. on the absence or
presence of animals in diff. habitat are
varied
C SOIL
=> Determines largely the character
of vegetation & types of animals that
maintain themselves upon it
TYPES OF SOIL
▶ SANDY => plants do not grow well
because water goes rapidly through the
spaces between
▶ CLAY => retain water because drying,
its sticky & not suitable for plant growth
▶ LOAM => good for agriculture
▶ SILT => made up of very fine particles
of soil and clay
D. WATER => no organism will survive
without water.
 PLANTS WATER REQUIREMENTS
▶ HYDROPHYTES => plants that live in
📌TOPIC 5 : RESOURCES
areas submerge in water HUMANS => have developed ways on
▶ MESOPHYTES => found neither wet how to use the diff. forms of resources
or dry area • FUELS
▶ XEROPHYTES => found in almost - use for vehicle
waterless area - to produce electricity
- control the temp.
E. WIND/ AIR
- removes water vapor surroundings the
The Need for Resources
plant causing evaporation to take place. Air
- Energy led to the exploration,
is 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and 1% other
gases
exploitation and development of these
resources
THERMODYNAMICS AND ENERGY
TRANSFER TYPES OF RESOURCES

Thermodynamics 1. NON-RENEWABLE
- deals with how energy is transferred in A. MINERAL RESOURCES
natural processes. It deals specifically with => dormant and if left alone, no
the relationship between heat, work, energy. economic benefit could be derived from
these
LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS ▶ Gold ▶ Copper ▶ Silver ▶ Lead
First Law • MINERAL DEPOSIT => naturally
- energy may be transferred into a system. occurring concentration of a free
- maybe transformed from one form to element or compound in solid form
another.
Second Law B. ENERGY RESOPURCES
- with successive energy transfer => Fossil fuel, Petroleum, Coal - carbon
transformation in solid form
- less energy is available for work.
• 1910 => coal was replaced by oil and
natural gas
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER
AND ENERGY
=> environmentally clean and easier
Matter and Energy & cheaper to transport
- cannot can be created nor destroyed => refined to produce liquid fuels for
but be transformed or transferred from one vehicle
form to another. • OPEC (Organization of Petroleum
Exporting Countries)
Food Chains and Food Webs => Association of diff. countries in the
- are responsible for continuous flow of middle east that supply petroleum
energy in the ecosystem. products all over the world
=> have the control in the supply and
TROPIC LEVEL price of oil in the world market
- Position occupied by an organisms in
the food chain C. GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES
=> perpetual energy
BIOMASS Ex. hot springs, Green Houses,
- weight of living matter per unit area of Fumarole, Spas
habitat

D. CONVENTIONAL NON-RENEWABLE
NUCLEAR FISSION
• NUCLEAR FISSION => splitting of the
nucleus of an atom
• NUCLEAR FUSION => combination of
nuclei to form a single nucleus
▶ this both can produce tremendous
amount of energy
EX. Oil, Coil, and natural gas plus
nuclear fission of uranium were used to
produce electricity
• CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR POWER
PLANT IN RUSSIA (1986)
=> massive leak that cause explosions
and fire
=> caused immediate death of more
than 30 people
( 2 from the blast and 29 to exposure
to radiation)
JULY 1973
- Phil. government under Pres. Marcos
- construct a nuclear power plant in the
Phi. to be operated by the NPC in
Morong, Bataan
( NPC => National Power Corporation )
• Group of Environmentalist, lawyers
and protesters mounted a resistance
against it because
▶ The nuclear power plant was deficient,
defective and unacceptable by any
standard
▶ Implementations of design, develop
for another plant are not suitable for the
nuclear power plant
FILIPINOS IN 1973
- not open to nuclear power plant
- have negative thinking that nuclear
power plant are dangerous might cause
⁎ explosion that will lead to death,//
radiation that can cause diseases
2. RENEWABLE RESOURCES
A. SOLAR ENERGY
=> radiant light and heat from the sun
=> harnessed using a range of
ever-evolving technologies
• solar heating
• photovoltaic
• solar thermal energy
• solar architecture
• molten salt power
• plants
• artificial photosynthesis
B. HYDRO POWER
=> electrical energy produced through
the power of moving water
C. ENERGY FROM HEAT STORED IN
WATER
=> ocean water stores a large amount of
heat from the sun
=> energy is tapped by giant floating
ocean thermal energy conversion power
plants
D. ENERGY FROM THE WIND
=> Wind power describes the process by
which wind is used to generate
electricity
E. BIOMASS
=> produced through photosynthesis
=> organic plants matter that can be
burned directly as a solid fuel
• BIO GAS => use of organic waste
matter is fermented anaerobically ( w/o
oxygen) into methane gas