PHARMACOLOGY

1. _________ study of drugs or chemicals and the effects they have on living animals. It
explains what drugs are, what they do to body functions, and what the body does to
them.
2. _________ the process of drug movement to achieve drug action.
3. _________ study of the way drugs affect the body.
4. _________ the time it takes for one-half of the drug concentration to be eliminated.
5. _________ ·time it takes to reach the minimum effective concentration (MEC) after a
drug is administered.
6. _________ occurs when the drug reaches its highest blood or plasma concentration.
7. _________ the length of time the drug has a pharmacologic effect.
8. Explain: Duration of Action, Onset of Action, Peak of Action, Pharmacokinetics,
Half-life, Pharmacology
9. _________ The unique name that describes the exact chemical structure of a drug.
10. _________ This is the name assigned to the drug by the laboratory or company that
first develops the drug before it becomes official. This is never changed and used in
all countries.
11. _________ This is the name assigned by the manufacturer that appears frequently in
the literature. This has the sign R at the upper right of the name to indicate that the
name is registered and its use is restricted to the manufacturer who is the legal
owner of the name.
12. Explain: Brand Name, Generic Name, Chemical Name
13. Mefinemic was discovered and brought to the market by _________
14. Sources of the drug:
15. The oldest source of drugs?
16. ________ used to be extracted from the pancreases of animals, primarily from pigs
and cows.
17. ________ one of the oldest antibacterial agents used to combat infection. Used an
alternative drug for patients who are allergic to penicillin.
18. ________ used to treat respiratory distress syndrome.
19. ________ it is a source of drug that is inorganic in nature. It cannot be found in
animals or plants. It can be metallic or nonmetallic.
20. ________ refer to substances or compounds that are derived from organisms and
resources found in the sea, such as marine plants, animals, and microorganisms.
21. ________ USED IN THE CLINIC ARE DERIVED FROM MICROBES.
22. ________ It's when the drug gets soaked up into the bloodstream from where it was
taken (like the stomach or skin).
23. ________ It's when the drug is released from the medication form (like a pill) and is
ready to be absorbed by the body.
24. ________ It's how the drug travels around the body through the bloodstream to reach
all the places it needs to work.
25. ________ It's when the drug and its metabolites (changed forms) are removed from
the body, typically through urine or feces.
26. ________ a way the body "processes" or "breaks down" drugs to make them less
potent and easier to get rid of. This is an important step in maintaining the balance of
substances in the body and ensuring that drugs are effective when needed but not
harmful in excess.
27. Location of mucous membrane and why it is the most rapid and effective route of
absorption?
28. DRUGS GIVEN _______ ARE ABSORBED IN THE GI TRACT. A PORTION OF
THESE DRUGS DISSOLVE AND ABSORB IN THE ______ THE RATE OF
ABSORPTION DEPENDS ON:_______
29. MOST OF THE DRUG CONCENTRATE DISSOLVES IN _______
30. MOST DIRECT, RELIABLE & RAPID ROUTE OF ABSORPTION.
31. PARENTERAL ROUTES?
32. __________ THIS METHOD IS NOT AS RAPID AS PARENTERAL INJECTION BUT
FASTER THAN THE GI TRACT. DRUGS THAT ADMINISTERED THROUGH THE
RESPIRATORY TRACT MUST BE MADE UP OF SMALL PARTICLES THAT CAN
PASS THROUGH THE ALVEOLI IN THE LUNGS.
33. ________ through the skin.
34. Explain per oren, parenteral, INHALATION/NEBULIZATION, topical
35. WHY FEMALE ABSORB IM INJECTION SLOWER THAN MALES?
36. OLDER CLIENTS RESPOND SLOWER – OFTEN RELATED TO _______
37. Certain diseases, like shock and stroke, can reduce tissue perfusion, which means
they _________
38. The role of the kidney in drug administration
39. The vitamin that will make WILL MAKE THE URINE MORE ACIDIC.
40. SOME DRUGS ARE EXCRETED FASTER WHEN THE URINE IS ______
41. Distribution of a Drug
42. FACTORS THAT AFFECTS DRUG DISTRIBUTION?
43. ROUTES OF EXCRETION
ANSWER
1. PHARMACOLOGY
2. PHARMACOKINETICS
3. PHARMACODYNAMICS
4. HALF-LIFE
5. ONSET OF ACTION
6. PEAK ACTION
7. DURATION OF ACTION
8. Pharmacology: The study of how drugs work in your body.
- Pharmacokinetics: How your body processes and moves drugs.
- Pharmacodynamics: How drugs affect your body.
- Half-Life: The time it takes for half of a drug to leave your body.
- Onset of Action: When a drug starts working.
- Peak Action: When a drug works its best.
- Duration of Action: How long a drug keeps working.
9. Chemical Name
10. Generic (Official) Name
11. Brand (Trade) Name
12. Brand name: This is the manufacturer's registered name, indicated by the "R"
symbol, and it is exclusively used by the legal owner in literature.
- Generic: This is the name assigned to the drug by the laboratory or company that
first develops the drug before it becomes official.
- Chemical name: chemical structure
13. Parked Davis
14. plant, animal, microbes, marine, mineral, synthetic
15. Plant
16. Insulin
17. Sulfonamide
18. Beracant (survanta)
19. Mineral source
20. MARINE SOURCES
21. MICROBES SOURCES
22. Absorption
23. Liberation
24. Distribution
25. Excretion
26. Metabolism
27. The mucous membrane, which lines areas like the mouth and under the tongue, is
the fastest and most efficient route for a substance to get into your bloodstream
because it has lots of blood vessels close by to quickly carry the substance
throughout your body.
28. Per Orem, stomach.
- pH OF THE STOMACH CONTENTS,
- FOOD CONTAINED IN THE STOMACH AT THE TIME OF INGESTION,
- THE PRESENCE OF DISEASE CONDITION
29. SMALL INTESTINE.
30. through intravenous (IV)
31. Intradermal (ID), Subcutaneous (SQ or SC), Intramuscular (IM), Intravenous (IV)
32. INHALATION/NEBULIZATION
33. Topical
34. Per Oren: Taking something by mouth, like swallowing a pill.
- Parenteral: Putting something directly into the body, usually through a shot or
injection.
- Inhalation/Nebulization: Breathing in a medicine as a mist or spray through the mouth
or nose.
- Topical: Applying something directly onto the skin, like a cream or ointment.
35. because women tend to have more fatty tissue (ADIPOSE TISSUE) in their muscles,
which can make it take longer for the medication to get into their bloodstream.
36. LOWER GASTRIC ACID IN THE STOMACH.
37. decrease the flow of blood and oxygen to tissues and organs in the body.
38. The kidneys don't help absorb drugs, but they do filter them from the bloodstream to
remove them from the body. THE MOST IMPORTANT ROUTE OF EXCRETION.
39. Vitamin c
40. Acidic
41. attaching to blood proteins, traveling through the bloodstream, crossing cell barriers,
and accumulating in various tissues, depending on their properties and blood supply.
42. CARDIAC OUTPUT, low protein level, LIVER DISEASE
43. LUNGS (WHICH EXHALES GASEOUS DRUGS), FECES, SALIVA, TEARS