"Cas

eson
Barri
ers
t
o
Cri
tical
Thi
nki
ng"
Proj
ecti
nBus
ines
sLogi
c

Regi
elynB.Raboc
ars
al

2BSA4A

Pr
of.RebyChavez
CASESTUDYNO.1

"TEACHERS'PERCEPTI
ONOFTHEBARRI
ERSTO
CRI
TICALTHI
NKI
NG"
Res
earchersoft
hes
tudy:MohammadAl
iakbar
iaandAkr
am Sadeghdaghi
ghi
f
rom Engl
ishDepar
tment
,Il
am Uni
ver
sit
y,I
lam,69315-
516,I
ran

Publ
icat
ioni
nformat
ion:Pr
ocedi
a-Soc
ialandBehavi
oralSc
ienc
es70(2013)
1–5

Purpos
eoft
hes
tudy:Thi
spaperexami
nest
heper
cept
ionsoft
heeduc
ator
s
aboutt
hebar
rier
stoc
rit
icalt
hinki
ngi
mpl
ement
ati
on.

Theai
m oft
hiss
tudywast
ofi
ndoutwhatt
eac
her
sthi
nkaboutt
hebar
rier
sto
devel
opi
ngs
tudent
s'c
rit
icalt
hinki
ngs
kil
ls.I
fthebar
rier
sthateduc
ator
sfac
e
al
ongt
hewayc
anber
emoved,i
mpr
ovi
ngc
rit
icalt
hinki
ngs
kil
lsandt
echni
ques
woul
dbemuc
hsi
mpl
er.Thr
eemaj
orobs
tac
lest
oimpl
ement
ingc
rit
icalt
hinki
ng
t
eac
hingt
echni
queswer
eident
ifi
edbyr
espondent
sint
hec
urr
ents
tudy.St
udent
c
har
act
eri
sti
cs wer
e t
he mos
tsi
gni
fic
ant i
mpedi
ment
. The s
econd mos
t
s
igni
fic
antbar
rierwass
elf
-ef
fic
acy,whi
chhadameanof2.
59.Thet
hir
dmaj
or
obs
tac
let
ocr
iti
calt
hinki
ng t
eac
hing met
hods i
mpl
ement
ati
on i
sa l
ack of
under
standi
ngoft
hepr
inc
ipl
eofc
rit
icalt
hinki
ng.Ot
heri
dent
ifi
ed obs
tac
les
i
ncl
udedf
acul
tyr
esi
stanc
e,c
ont
entc
over
age,andt
her
elevanc
eofC.
TH.Cr
iti
cal
t
hinki
ng i
s notneeded f
or s
tudentac
hievement
,and i
tis nota val
uabl
e
educ
ati
onalout
comeorapr
imar
ygoaloft
hei
rteac
hing,ac
cor
dingt
oal
arge
per
cent
ageofr
espondent
s.Fur
ther
mor
e,des
pit
ethef
actt
hatpr
epar
ati
on c
an
enhanc
est
udent
s'C.
TH abi
li
ti
es,educ
ator
swer
ehes
itantt
ous
enew appr
oac
hes
duet
othei
rcompl
exi
ty.Ot
herpot
ent
ialobs
tac
les
,suc
h asal
ack oft
imeor
s
truc
tur
albar
rier
s,wer
efoundt
obel
essi
mpor
tant
.Whi
let
imewaspr
evi
ous
ly
i
dent
ifi
ed asas
igni
fic
antbar
riert
ocr
iti
calt
houghtf
orpr
ogr
am di
rec
tor
s,i
t
appear
edt
obet
hel
eas
timpor
tantf
act
ori
nthi
sres
ear
ch.
Que
sti
ons
:

1.Whatdi
dIl
earnf
rom t
hecas
e?

Fr
om t
he c
aset
he r
esear
cher
spr
esent
ed,Il
ear
ned t
hatt
her
e ar
edi
ffer
ent
f
act
orsi
nvol
vingon how t
het
eac
her
sper
cei
vedt
othos
ebar
rier
sfort
hem t
o
i
mpl
ementbet
terc
rit
icalt
hinki
ngs
kil
lst
othei
rst
udent
s.Oneoft
hos
ear
ethe
c
har
act
eri
sti
csoft
he s
tudent
swhi
ch wast
he hi
ghes
tbar
rierf
ort
hem.The
educ
ator
sconc
luded t
hats
tudent
sthems
elvesc
ons
tit
uted t
he c
ons
trai
ntsi
n
i
mpr
ovi
ng t
hei
rthi
nki
ng s
kil
lsi
n var
iousways
.Sec
ondl
yist
he s
elf
-ef
fic
acy
wher
einmaj
ori
tyoft
hem t
houghtt
hatt
heywer
enots
ureoft
hei
rabi
li
ti
esi
n
t
eac
hing c
rit
icalt
hinki
ng s
kil
ls.Thi
rd oft
he hi
ghes
tbar
rier i
sthe l
ack of
knowl
edgeofwhatc
rit
icalt
hinki
ngi
s,al
soc
onnec
tedt
othes
elfef
fic
acywhi
ch
s
uppor
ttot
he i
mpor
tanc
e oft
he r
ole oft
he t
eac
her t
ocr
iti
calt
hinki
ng
devel
opment
.

2.WhatdoIwantt
oknow moref
rom t
hecas
e?

Si
ncet
hiss
tudyf
ocus
esonl
ywi
tht
heEngl
isht
eac
her
s,Iwantt
oknow mor
ethe
per
cept
ionsoft
heeduc
ator
sfr
om ot
herc
our
sesaboutt
hec
rit
icalt
hinki
ngs
kil
l
whet
hert
heyc
oul
dchanget
hehi
ghes
tbar
rierort
heyc
oul
dadds
omef
act
ors
t
hatl
imi
tss
tudent
s'c
rit
icalt
hinki
ngdevel
opment
.

3.Whataddi
tionali
nformat
ion/
dis
cus
sioncoul
dIs
ugges
tfort
hecas
e?

Asf
orme,Iwoul
dsugges
tift
heyc
anal
somakeas
urveyoft
hos
efac
tor
sthat
c
oul
d hel
ptheeduc
ator
sand al
sot
hes
tudent
stohavet
hei
rcr
iti
calt
hinki
ng
devel
opmentc
ont
rar
ytot
hist
opi
ctheyf
ocus
edi
nthei
rst
udy.

4.Whati
stherel
ati
ons
hipofbus
ines
set
hicst
odeci
sionmaki
ngont
hatcas
e?

Si
ncei
tist
hemec
hani
sm bywhi
chwedec
idef
orour
sel
veswhet
heranyt
hingi
s
r
ightorwr
ongi
nthewor
kpl
ace,c
rit
icalt
hinki
ngpl
aysa s
igni
fic
antr
olei
n
bus
ines
set
hic
s.Cr
iti
calt
hinki
ngi
s,i
ncer
tai
nways
,amet
hodoff
act
-chec
king
andanal
ysi
s.Thi
sst
udyc
an beus
efult
ocur
ric
ulum des
igner
s,admi
nis
trat
ors
,
pol
icymaker
s,andeduc
ator
sbypr
ovi
dingi
nsi
ghti
ntot
eac
her
s'per
cept
ionsof
t
hinki
ngabi
li
tyc
ons
trai
nts
.Al
sowi
tht
hiss
tudy,knowi
ngt
hebar
rier
stoc
rit
ical
t
hinki
ng s
kil
lswoul
d al
so benef
its
tudent
swho wantt
o pur
sue a c
areeri
n
bus
ines
sorappl
yforaj
ob,asi
twi
llgi
vet
hem i
nsi
ghti
ntohow t
heywi
llr
eac
tto
c
hal
lengeswhenc
onf
ront
edwi
tht
hos
ebar
rier
s.

5.Whatt
hinki
ngt
heyus
edont
hatcas
e,cri
ticalt
hinki
ngorcreat
ivet
hinki
ng?
Expl
ain.

Ic
oul
dsayt
hatt
heyus
edc
rit
icalt
hinki
ngf
ort
hisc
ases
inc
etheyc
omeupwi
th
anobj
ect
iveanal
ysi
sandeval
uat
ionofi
nfor
mat
ionaboutt
hei
ssue.Theypr
ovi
de
f
act
sfr
om t
her
esul
tsoft
hei
rsur
vey,r
athert
hanas
sumi
ngorpr
ovi
ngonl
ythei
r
opi
nionsabouti
t.Thos
einf
ormat
iont
heygat
her
edwoul
dbet
hei
rbas
ist
ocome
upwi
thac
onc
lus
ion.
CASESTUDYNO.2

"BARRI
ERSTOCRI
TICALTHI
NKI
NGACROSSDOMAI
NS"
Res
earchersoft
hes
tudy:ReedGeer
tsenf
rom Ut
ahSt
ateUni
ver
sit
y,USA

Publ
icat
ioni
nformat
ion:RMI
C-Vol
ume6,I
ssue20(
2013)
,pp.52-
60

Purpos
eoft
hes
tudy:Thi
spaperexami
ness
omeoft
hebar
rier
stot
rans
fer
c
rit
icalt
hinki
ngac
ros
sdomai
nsus
ingani
nter
act
ioni
stper
spec
tive.

Us
ingani
nter
act
ioni
stper
spec
tive,t
hispaperexpl
oress
omeoft
hebar
rier
sto
c
ros
s-domai
ntr
ans
iti
on.Due t
othe t
unnel
-vi
sion t
endenc
iest
hati
nevi
tabl
y
f
oll
ow f
rom s
ituat
edl
ear
ningi
nas
pec
ifi
cdomai
n,t
hisvi
ewpoi
ntemphas
izest
he
i
dea t
hatpr
act
ici
ngand us
ingl
ogi
calt
hinki
ngi
sa l
ifel
ongpur
sui
t.
Two c
ase
s
tudi
esar
eexpl
oredt
oshow t
hepot
ent
ialbl
indi
ngef
fec
tsofs
ituat
edl
ear
ningas
ar
esul
tofyear
sofon-
the-
jobc
rit
icalt
hinki
ngt
rai
ning.Thec
asesoft
hej
udgeand
t
hec
ons
truc
tionbos
sint
hiss
tudyhi
ghl
ightt
hepos
sibl
esi
gni
fic
anc
eoft
hisi
ssue
i
nadomai
nthatmanyofusar
eli
kel
ytoenc
ount
erats
omepoi
ntofourl
ives
.
Fai
lur
es i
n s
elf
-di
rec
ted l
ear
ning ar
erepr
esent
ed by t
he j
udge and t
he
c
ons
truc
tionmanager
.Thedevel
opmentoft
houghts
kil
lsi
sal
ifel
ongpr
oces
sthat
s
houl
dnotbeabandonedunt
ilonehasac
hieveds
ucc
essi
none'
schos
enf
iel
d.
Ext
rapol
ati
onent
ail
sexpl
ori
nghow l
ear
neds
kil
lsc
oul
drel
atet
oles
sfami
li
ar
s
ituat
ions
,whi
leappl
icat
ionent
ail
sal
ower
-levelt
rans
iti
oni
nwhi
chonel
ear
ns
t
ous
einf
ormat
ions
kil
lsi
nfami
li
ars
ituat
ions
.Thi
snec
ess
itat
esmor
eabs
trac
t
t
houghts
inc
eital
lowsonet
othi
nkbeyond t
heboxand expl
orepos
sibi
li
ti
es
wi
thoutt
hehel
pofot
her
s.
Que
sti
ons
:

1.Whatdi
dIl
earnf
rom t
hecas
e?

I
nthi
scas
e,Il
ear
nedt
hatevent
houghyouar
eal
readypur
sui
ngt
hec
areerof
yourdr
eams
,yous
houl
dnots
topdevel
opi
ngyourc
rit
icalt
hinki
ngs
kil
lsbec
aus
e
i
tisal
ifel
ongpr
oces
s.When c
onf
ront
ed wi
th new c
irc
ums
tanc
es,wes
houl
d
t
hink beyond t
hebox orwet
hink c
rit
ical
ly.I
t'
snotbec
aus
eyou'
veal
ready
ac
hieveds
ucc
ess,
youwi
lls
topdevel
opi
ngyourc
rit
icalt
hinki
ngabi
li
ti
es.

2.WhatdoIwantt
oknow moref
rom t
hecas
e?

Fr
om t
hes
tudy,I
'dl
iket
olear
nmor
eabouthow wemi
ghtbeabl
etoappl
ysome
t
ipsonhow t
oover
comet
hos
ebar
rier
sinourdai
lyl
ives
.And,t
ounder
standt
he
r
eas
onswhy c
ert
aini
ndi
vidual
sin bot
hcas
eswer
e unabl
eto expand t
hei
r
c
rit
icalt
hinki
ngabi
li
ti
es.

3.Whataddi
tionali
nformat
ion/
dis
cus
sioncoul
dIs
ugges
tfort
hecas
e?

Onet
hingImi
ghts
ugges
tfort
hec
asei
sthatt
her
esear
cherwoul
dint
ervi
ew
t
hos
ereal
-l
ifej
udgesandc
ons
truc
tionmanager
sthatwasment
ionedi
nthes
tudy
aboutt
hec
irc
ums
tanc
est
heyf
aceonadai
lybas
isandhow t
heydealwi
tht
hos
e
i
ssues
.Per
hapst
heymi
ghtal
sopr
ovi
des
omes
ugges
tionsabouthow wec
an
i
mpr
oveourc
rit
icalt
hinki
ngs
kil
lsi
fwef
indour
sel
vesi
nunf
ami
li
ars
ituat
ions
.

4.Whati
stherel
ati
ons
hipofbus
ines
set
hicst
odeci
sionmaki
ngont
hatcas
e?

Obvi
ous
ly,i
tisi
mpor
tantf
orust
othi
nkobj
ect
ivel
yorc
rit
ical
lywhenc
onf
ront
ed
wi
ths
uchs
ituat
ions i
nli
fe,s
uch as t
hos
e enc
ount
ered by t
he i
ndi
vidual
s
ment
ionedi
nthes
tudy.Wemi
ghtt
hinkofabet
ters
olut
ioni
nourpr
obl
emsi
fwe
madeet
hic
albus
ines
sdec
isi
ons
.

5.Whatt
hinki
ngt
heyus
edont
hatcas
e,cri
ticalt
hinki
ngorcreat
ivet
hinki
ng?
Expl
ain.

Ther
esear
cherus
ed c
rit
icalt
hinki
ngi
nthes
tudys
inc
eitf
ocus
eson c
rit
ical
t
hinki
ngappl
icat
ioni
nspec
ifi
cci
rcums
tanc
es.Theyal
sol
ookedatot
hers
tudi
es
r
elat
edt
othet
opi
candpr
ovi
deanal
yzat
iont
oit
.Theyar
eabl
etos
eet
hel
ogi
cal
c
onnec
tionbet
weent
hei
deaspr
esent
ed.