rmwdum

1/ uwdu0wfa½S;½I awmifhwrI

2/ ed'gef;

yxrydkif;

3/ eHeufbk&m;0wfwuftNyD;ay;aom Mo0g'uxma'oem

4/ oDwif;uRwfylaZmfyGJü a[mMum;aom Mo0g'uxma'oem

5/ oDwif;uRwfvjynfhaeY y0g&PmaeY Mo0g'uxma'oem

6/ ylaZmf&mumv Mo0g'uxm

7/ oHCmhOykofç y0g&Pmç uxdefESifhpyfonfh Mo0g'uxm

8/ uxdefcif;rnfhaeY uxdefjcif;&mMo0g'uxm

9/ 1343-ck? ewfawmfvjynfhaeY Mo0g'uxma'oem

10/ 1343-ck? ewfawmfvuG,faeY Mo0g'uxma'oem

11/ 1344-ck? wefcl;vuG,faeY a[mMum;aom Mo0g'uxma'oem

12/ 1344-ck? uqkefvuG,faeY Mo0g'uxma'oem

13/ 1344-ck? 'kwd,0gqkdvjynfhaeY Mo0g'uxma'oem

14/ 1344-ck? 'kwd,0gqkdvjynfhausmf 1-&ufaeY Mo0g'uxma'oem

15/ 1344-ck? yxr0gqkdvjynfhaeY Mo0g'uxma'oem

16/ 1344-ck? yxr0gqkdvuG,faeY Mo0g'uxma'oem

 'kwd,ydkif;

17/ 1342-ck? awmfovif;vuG,faeY oHCmhOykofjyK&m Mo0g'uxm

18/ 1342-ck? wefaqmifrkef;vuG,faeY oHCmhOykofjyK&mMo0g'uxm

19/ 1342-ck? jymodkvjynfh OykofaeY Mo0g'uxm

20/ 1342-ck? e,kefvjynfhaeY Mo0g'uxma'oem

21/ 1342-ck? e,kefvqkwf 8-&ufaeY txl;a[mMum;onfh Mo0g'uxma'oemawmf

22/ 1342-ck? e,kefvuG,fOykofaeY Mo0g'uxma'oem

23/ 1342-ck? 0gqkdvjynfhaeY Mo0g'uxma'oem

24/ 1342-ck? 0gqkdvuG,faeY Mo0g'uxma'oem

25/ 1343-ck? 0gacgifvuG,faeY Mo0g'uxma'oem

26/ 1343-ck? wefaqmifrkef;vuG,faeY Mo0g'uxma'oem

uwdu0wfa½S;½IawmifhwrI 1

uwdu0wfa½S;½I awmifw
h rI
Mo0g'"r®tarG

þpmapmif\ ed'gef;pum;t&rsm;jzifyh if þpmapmifEiS hf pyfonfh odapvkcd suf NyD;jynfph akH eygNyD[k xifjrif
rdygonf? odYk aomf þpmapmiftwGuf trSmpum;a&;om;&ef ta&;wBuD; wku d w f eG ;f yefMum;ojzifh rvTJ ruif;om
trSmpum; a&;om;&awmhrnf? a&;om;&ef oifah vsmfaom tcsuftvufudk ½SmazGavhvmMunf&h m þpmapmif
rsuEf mS zH;k wGif ]]aus;Zl;awmf½iS f r[mpnf q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; ay;tyfawmfrcl ahJ om Mo0g' "r®tarG}} [laom
acgif;pOfwyf a0g[m& pum;pkü pdwaf &mufomG ;ygonf? ,if; pum;pkuykd if cGpJ w d í f oifah vsmf vkt
d yfaom teuf
t"dygÜ ,fazmfum yk't f csif;csif;aygif;pyfç t"dygÜ ,fcsif; aygif;pyfvsuf wk½d iS ;f vk&d if; tESpo
f m&udk qGx
J w
k Nf yD;
uwdu0wf a½S;½Iawmifw h rIûy&if; a&;om;vku
d &f ygonf/

Mo0g'"r®tarG[o l nf bmygenf;[k avhvmpdppfygrl vG,v f , G f od½edS m;vnfEikd yf gonf? ]]Mo0g'"r®tarG}}

[l&mü toD;toD;aom pum;vH;k wkYd ukd cGjJ crf;pdwjf zmí ¤if;wkYd \ ikyaf eaom vk&d if; teuft"dygÜ ,fwYdk ukd
yk't
f vku d f oifah vsmfovkd azmfxw
k v
f u
dk af omf atmufygtwkid ;f oH;k yk'u
f í
JG ud, k pf t
D eufrsm;vnf; pDum pOfum
½Sif;½Sif;ay:xGuf vmEkdifygonf/

1/ Mo0g'=wynfrh sm;\ ud, k Ef w

I pf w
d x
f m; 3-yg;vH;k xde;f csKyfenf;ç udavom tnpftaMu; uif;pifa0;
vsuf ,Ofaus;ap&ef owday; rdeYf Mum; oGeo f ifcsufuykd if Mo0g'[kqo dk nf/

2/ "r® = rdrw d nf;[laom w&m;udk aqmiforl sm;udk tyg,fav;yg;wkYd ü vnf;aumif;ç 0#fqif;&JwYdk ü

vnf;aumif; rusatmifaqmifwwfaomaMumifh "r®rnfonf? r*f 4-yg; zkv d f 4-yg; edAmÁ eftm;jzifh "r® 9-yg;?
wpfenf;-oH;k yHyk #d uwf y&d,wfEiS w
hf uG "r® 10-yg;udk &ygonf/

½Sif;vif;OD;tHh- Ak'p¨ may y&d,wfw&m;awmfü vmonft h wkid ;f (*kPEf iS hf vmbfç emrnfBuD;rIukd rarQmb f )J
usifoh u
l v
dk nf;aumif;? r*fzv dk &f olç edAmÁ eftm½Hûk yaeoluv kd nf;aumif; ]]rdrw d nf;[laom w&m;udak qmifo}l }
[kac:\? xkYd aMumifh þü ]]aqmifjcif;}}[lonf ]]usifjh cif;ç &jcif;ç tm½Hûk yaejcif;wnf;}} [krw S yf g? w&m;awmfonf
rdru
d dk aqmifou l kd tyg,frusatmif 0#fqif;&Jü rMum&atmif jyefíaqmif\}} [l&mü ]]aqmif\}}t&
aqmifjcif;um; tyg,fü jzpfaprnfh 'd|d (=jrifrmS ;rI) 0dpu d pd mä (=,Hrk mS ;rI) paom udavomç 0#f'u k ü© Mum½Snpf mG
jzpfaprnfh ½keYf &if;aomç r½keYf &if;aom umr&m* ½ly&m*ç t½ly&m* [laom udavomwkYd ukd zsufq;D jcif;udk
]]aqmifjcif;}} [k ac:onf? udavomudk zsufq;D vku d af omtcg tyg,frusç 0#f'u k ü© Mum½Snpf mG rae&awmhojzifh
tyg,frusatmif 0#f'u k ü© rMumatmif aqmif½u G x
f m;&m a&mufonf[k qkv d ydk gonf/

,if;"r®\ aqmif½u G jf cif;teufukd r*fEiS hf edAmÁ eftwGuo

f m rkcs&Ekid \ f ? bmaMumifeh nf;¿ r*fu
udavomudk y,fowfjcif;ç edAmÁ efu r*f\ tm½Hu
k kd cHí xkyd ,fowfjcif;udpu
ö kd NyD;apjcif;aMumifw
h nf;/

zkv
d o f nf r*fy,fowftyfNyD;aom udavomwkYd ukd xyfí Nidr;f apjcif; (=y#dyó'do ¨ wd)å tm;jzifh
(w[ke;f [ke;f awmufavmifaeaom rD;awmufBuD; oifah vsmaf omenf;jzifh Nidr;f NyD;&m rD;½Sed af oatmif a&jzifh xyfí
jzef;owfvu dk of vk)d r*fEiS ahf vsmpf mG jzpfjcif;aMumifh taMumif;r*f\ udavomy,fowfprG ;f owdu å kd tusKd;zkv
d üf
wifpm;í um&Plypm(=y&d,m,f) tm;jzifh zkv d u
f vnf; aqmif&ma&muf\? xkYd aMumifh zkv d v
f nf; y&d,m,"r®
rnf\? y&d,wf w&m;awmfum; edó&Pw¬ (=oHo&m0#fç b0ñGwrf S vGwaf jrmufjcif; tusKd;½Sad om oif,jl cif;
rsK;d jzifh oif,o l w
l YdkrmS pmoif&if; oDvtaMumif;udk awGUvQif oDvudk jznfu h sifv
h u dk rf nf/ orm"d tcef;ponf
a&mufvQiv f nf; orm"djzpfaprnf? 0dyóem tm;xkwrf nf? r*fujkd zpfaprnf? zkv d uf kd rsuaf rSmufûyrnf}} [k
&nf½, G íf oiforl sm;tzkYd ) r*fu&kd jcif;\ taMumif;jzpfaomaMumifh tusK;d r*f\ aqmifEikd f pGr;f owdu å kd
taMumif;y&d,wfü wifpm;aom zvlypm (y&d,m,f) tm;jzifh tyg,fponfü tus&atmif aqmif&m a&mufonf/
þpmapmifü "r®tarG[&l m0,f "r®t& y&d,wd"å r®ukd &nf½, G [f ef wlygonf? odYk r[kwf ,if;udk taMumif;ûyí
&tyfaom "r®tarGreS o f rQ jzpfygvdrrfh nf/
uwdu0wfa½S;½IawmifhwrI 2

3/ tarG = tarG[lonf bdk;bGm;rdb aqG;rsKd;wdYk xrH S &tyfaom tarGOpöm ponfjzifh trsKd;rsKd;½S&d m þü

bk&m;½Six
f rH S &tyfaom tarG Opömyifwnf;? ,if;bk&m;½Sif tarGawmfonf-

(1) w&m;"r®tarG (2) ypönf;tmrdotarG[k 2-rsKd;½Sd\? xkw d iG f wpfyg;yg;ü (1)

wkud ½f u dk f (edy&Ü ,
d m,) tarG? (2) tHaMumif; t>rufrQ oG,0f u kd f (y&d,m,)
tarG[k 2-rsK;d pD uGjJ ym;jcif;aMumifh (u) edy&Ü ,
d m,"r®tarG (c) y&d,m,"r®tarG
(*) edy&Ü , d m, tmrdotarG (C) y&d,m,tmrdotarG [lí 4-yg;½Sjd yef&m
xkwd iG f (u) r*f 4-yg;ç zkdvf 4-yg; edAmÁ eftm;jzifh 9-yg;aom avmukw&å m
w&m;onf edy&Ü , d m, "r®tarG rnf\/ (c) 0#f'u k u
© if;&m edAmÁ efukd arQmv f ifh
awmifw h í ûytyfaom 'geç oDvç orxç 0dyóempkonf tpOfojzifh
edy&ÜH ,
d m,"r® tûrduf edAmÁ efukd &½Sad paomaMumifh y&d,m,"r® tarGrnf\? (*)
qGrf;ç ouFef;ç ausmif;ç aq; 4-yg;aom ypön;f onf edy&Ü , d m,tmrdo tarG
rnf\? (C) oHo&m0#fç b0pnf;pdru f kd arQmfvifah wmifw
h í ûytyfaom 'geç
oDvç orxç 0dyóempkonf tpOfojzifh vlç ewfpnf;pdru f o kd m &apEdik af om
aMumifh y&d,m,tmrdotarG rnf\? þü ]]tarGt& "r® tarGom tcsKyftjcm
y"mejzpfonf/

þpum;pOft& wkd&if;vkd½Sif; teuft"dyÜg,fESifh jynfhpHkaom 3-yk'v

f Hk;udk ]]Mo0g'"r®tarG}} [k 1-yk'w
f nf;
jzpfatmif aygif;pyfvu
dk af omtcg atmuftwkid ;f teuf t"dygÜ ,f tjynft
h pHk xGuv f mygonf/

Mo0g'"r®tarG = wynfrh sm;\ ud, k çf EIwçf pdwx f m; 3 yg;vH;k xde;f csKyfenf;ç

tjypfuif;a&;ç oefY½iS ;f ,Ofaus;a&; owday; rdeYf Mum; oGeo f ifcsufjzpfí
y&d,m,ç edy&Ü , d m, "r®tarGtESpf 2-rsK;d udk &jcif;\ taMumif;jzpfaom
y&d,wd"å r®uykd if tarG[k qko d ifyh gonf? Ak'j¨ rwfpmG ud, k af wmfwidk f tOD;tp
ay;oem;awmfrcl ahJ om ,if; "r®tarGudk qufcaH wmfral om teEÅaus;Zl;awmf½iS f
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf pHveG af wmfrrlru D mvu tarGpm; tarGcH jzpfcçhJ jzpfaeç
jzpfvwHaå om wynfo h m; taygif;tm; oem;apmifah ½Smuf csD;ajr§mufonft h aejzifh
qifyh mG ; ay;tyfcyhJ gonf/,if;tarGtESpu f dk qufcv H suf½adS om r[mpnf Mo0g'
cH,al eonfh tarGcH wynfo h m;taygif;onf uk, d pf u
D , kd pf D tarGqidk t f aejzifh
aygif;pnf;nDnmpGm tarGcx H udk of rl sm;yDyD "r®tarGtESpf &omrGeu f kd ud,k w f idk t
f rQ
cHpm;Ekid í
f tem*wf wynfo h m;rsm; twGuv f nf; rdru d ,dk u f dk wm0efoçd wm0ef
½Sad om tarGxed ;f wpfp[ k k ,HMk unf,q l um ,ck aemiftcg omoemawmfü
taMumif;tm;avsmfpmG tarGjywfç odYk r[kwf tarGjzwf jzpfvmEkid o f nfh ta&;udk
arQmaf wG; qifjcifawmfrv l suf txl; owdw&m; vufuikd x f m;um y&d,wfruif;
aom rGejf rwfvo S nfh "r®tarGtESpf y#dywf vkyif ef;BuD;udk q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;\
Mo0g'awmftwkid ;f pnf;urf;ESihf tnD qufvuf aqmif½u G of mG ;MuygpkYd [al om
uwdu0wfxm; tocFw"mwf jrwfvpS mG aom "r®tarGtESpu f kd tydik &f ½S&d ef
êud;yrf;Edik Mf uygapaomf/
t½Sify@dwmbd0Ho
Mo0g'gp&d,
r[mpnf omoemh&yd o f m
&efuek ûf rdU/
Mo0g'"r®tarG (ed'gef;) 3

ed'gef;
ocFg&"r®

ay;oem;awmfrcl ahJ om þ("r®tarG) w&m;awmfpmtkyjf zpfay:vm&m tcgürl aus;Zl;awmf½iS f r[mpnf

q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf ocFg&"r®wYdk\ zdEydS rf aI Mumifh oufawmfxif½mS ; r½Sad wmhay? 1344 ck? 'kw, d 0gqkd
vjynfah usmf (10)&uf? (14-8-82) aeY rGe;f vGJ (1-em&D 36-rdepf) tcsed u
f wpfb0 Zmwford ;f csKyfNidr;f cJNh yDjzpfí
(6) vcefYyif ½Scd yhJ gNyD/

Ak'o
¨ moem0if yk*K¾d vf[o l rQ tm;vH;k vkv d ydk if ocFg&"r®wYdk \ oabmESihf wnfNidrrf I r½So
d nfwYdk udk trsm;
tm;jzifh od½v dS mcJMh uygonf/ odYk EiS v
hf nf; wu,f&ifqidk f awGUêuHvm&onfh tcgürl odvsufEiS hf owdvufvw G f
rodovkd jzpfcMhJ u&onf? wkev f yI Mf uonf? pd;k &drMf uonf? idak <u;Muonf/

y#mpm&Donf olUtdrfolç tdrfom;awGudk ocFg&"r®u zdEydS cf &hJ mtcgü wnfaqmuf&mr& pd;k &dryf al qG; idak <u;
½Hw
k iG f rNyD;ao;bJ ajrüvl;í ½l;onftxd wkev f yI cf &hJ ½Smonf? aomwmyeft&d,mjzpfaom temxydPf oaX;BuD;
onf olUorD;av; okrea'0D uG,v f eG &f mü aomwmyefy*k K¾d vfBuD;jzpfvsuEf iS yhf if £a`E´rqnfEidk ½f mS bJ jrwfpmG bk&m;
rsufarSmufawmftxd ½du I Bf uD;wiif jyif;pGmidak <u;cJ&h onf/

½Sit
f meE´monf Ak'j¨ rwfpmG y&deAd mÁ ef0ifpaH wmfr&l mtcgü rcHr&yfEikd f rsuf&nfûzdiûf zdiu
f s½Hrk Qru EIwaf wmfrS
wwGww f w
G f jrnfweG t
f vGeyf if idak <u;awmfrcl &hJ onf? aomwmyef t&d,mtxd a&mufaecJNh yDjzpfaom þvkyd *k K¾d vf
BuD;wkYd onf apmapmuyif êudwifí ocFg&"r®wYdk \ tedpo ö abmudk od½NdS yD; jzpfMuygvsuf wu,f&ifqidk f
awGUMu&onft h cgü rodovkd id, k wkd ek v
f yI o
f nftxd jzpfcMhJ u&onf/

ESvHk;oGif;rIrjyKEdkifcJh

&efou l kd &ifqidk &f ef ta&;êuHvm&mtcgü vufeufrpGu J ikd rf o

d uJo
h Ykd ESv;kH oGi;f rl rûyEkid af wmhbJ owd
vufeufukd rpGu J ikd rf ?d udik rf d ygonfqv dk Qifvnf; udik rf ad om xko d wdvufeufrmS &efou l kd Ekid af jc r½Sb
d J
tm;aysmhonf[í l om qkpd &m½Sad yonf? tem*grf t&d,mtxd ra&mufao;í a'goudavomudk ry,fEidk af o;
ol[o l rQ aomuç y&da'0oabmwkYd EiS hf ruif;Edik af o;? xkYd aMumifh pd;k &drzf , G Ef iS hf awGUêuHonft h cg pd;k &drMf uayrnf?
idak <u;zG,Ef iS hf awGUonft h cg idak <u;rnfom jzpfayonf/

aus;Zl;awmf½iS f r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;uJo h Ykdaom yk*K¾d vfx;l BuD;wpfyg; awmifBuD;ûydovkd ûydomG ;&m
tcgüvnf;aqmufwnf&mr& jzpfcMhJ u&onf?q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;r½Sv d Qif b,fvadk eMu&ygrnfenf; xkxnfBuD;rm;
vSaom wynfw h yef;awG xde;f Edik o
f rd ;f Edik f ½Srd ½S MdS uygrnfvm;ç [laom pd;k &dryf yl efraI wG jzpfow l Ydk u jzpfMuonf?
urÇmYEiS chf sDí aus;Zl;rsm;aom q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ç aus;Zl;rsm;aom þvkq d &mawmfb&k m;wpfyg; omoemawmfwiG f
&cJvo S nfukd atmufarhí ,lêuHr& woojzpfaeolwYdkuvnf; jzpfaecJMh uonf? rdrw d Ydk qifjcifro d rQ t00aom
*kPaf us;Zl;awGukd qifjcifvsuf rsuf&nfrqnfEidk Mf ubJ ½du I Bf uD;w0if jzpfow l Ydk vnf; jzpfae&pfcMhJ uonf/

wnfNidrfawmfrlvSonf

ywf0ef;usiw f iG f wynfw
h yef; &[ef;ç ½Siçf vlç jynfojl ynfom;wkYd pd;k &draf omu Asmyg&wkYd jzifh rnfrQyif
wkew
f ek v
f yI v
f yI f ½kw&f ufcwfaeMuaomfvnf; q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;rSmum; usepGm jyifqifrrG ;f rH pDrt H yfaom
ckwifanmifapmif;ay:wGif aMumifMh ur½Sd ude;f pufaebdtvm; wnfNidraf wmfrvl o S nf/

aemufq;kH ylaZmfjcif;jzifh wynfh wyef; &[ef;wkYd u vuf,m&pf vSnyhf wfûytyfaom ylaZmforI t½kt d aoûy
aeonfwYkd uv kd nf; vH;k vH;k rQ r½I wdww f wd Nf idro
f ufvsufom ½Sad eygonf? aqmif½u G zf ,
G u
f pd ö t00wkYd ukd wm0ef
ausyGepf mG warmwyef; êud;yrf;aqmif½u G af wmfrNl yD;&m tcgü pdwEf v
S ;kH 'H;k 'H;k csum tem;,lvsuf wa&;warm
ude;f pufawmfral eouJo h Ykd vnf; ½Syd gayonf/
Mo0g'"r®tarG (ed'gef;) 4

oufawmfxif½mS ; ½Sad wmfrpl Oftcgu q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;\ wnfNidrrf I *kPu f x kd w

k q
f Edk idk af vmufatmif
oEÅ`d E´,
d *kPEf iS hf jynfph v
kH yS gonf[k cs;D usL;orI ûycJMh uygonf? ,ckaomfum; q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf aemufq;kH
wnfNidrrf jI zifh wnfNidrv f suf½adS wmfr&l m þaemufq;kH wnfNidrrf rI mS um; vH;k 0vIy½f mS ;jcif; r½Sad om wnfNidrrf yI gwnf;?
vGevf eG ;f aom þwnfNidrrf rI sKd;udk rnforl Q vkv d m;tyfonf r[kwyf g/

ay;awmfrlcJhonfh tarG

&[ef;½Siv f l jynfoçl jynfom;ç urÇmolç urÇmom;wkYd \ ud;k uG,f tm;xm;av;pm;p&m jzpfawmfral om

q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;rSmum; wpfb0 Zmwford ;f í Nidr;f awmfro l mG ;NyDjzpf&m oufawmf xif½mS ;r½Sad wmhNyD? odYk aomf
]]ajc&momaysmuf? vuf&mraysmuf}} qko d uJoh Ykd q&mawmf bk&m;BuD; aysmufu, G of mG ;cJah omfvnf; q&mawmf
bk&m;BuD;\ vuf&mjzpfaom tarGypön;f rsm;um; raysmufysufbJ bke;f BuD;wkYd twGuf usef&pfygonf/ usef&pfaom
xkt d arGypön;f rsm;rSmrl tzk;d rjzwfEikd af tmif xku
d wf efvaS om tarGypön;f rsm;wkYd om jzpfygonf/

]]cspfom;tmeE´m? igbk&m;y&deAd mÁ ef 0ifp&H mtcgü igbk&m;

a[mMum;tyfaom "r®uE© m¨ ½Spaf omif;av;axmifonf igbk&m;
uJo
h Ykd oifwYdk q&mjzpfvwHYå }}[k - - -

½Sitf meE´mtm; jrwfpmG bk&m;u rdeYf Mum;awmfrcl yhJ gonf? rSev

f yS gonf? jrwfpmG bk&m;½Sad wmfrv
l Qifvnf;
"r®uE© m¨ ½Spaf omif; av;axmifü têuH;0ifaom þokwçf 0denf;w&m;wkYd uo kd m a[mMum;awmfryl gvdrrfh nf?
jrwfpmG bk&m; oufawmfxif½mS ; r½So d nfh aemufwiG v
f nf; þokwçf tbd"r®mç 0denf; w&m;awmfwYdk onf bk&m;
a[mawmfro l nfh twkid ;f yif wnfwhH oifo h avmuf umvywfv;kH wnfw&hH pfrnfom jzpfygonf? jrwfpmG bk&m;
xif½mS ;½So
d nfjzpfapç r½Sod nfjzpfap þw&m;awmfwYdk onfom vl ewf jA[®m owå0gwkdY\ q&mjzpf&pfygrnf/

þenf;twlyif aus;Zl;awmf½iS f r[mpnf q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; r½So d nfah emufü q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;
a[mMum;qH;k rxm;aom tqH;k tr Mo0g'w&m;wdYk onf q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; ½Sw
d ek ;f uuJo
h Ykd yif wnf½&dS pfcyhJ gonf?
þw&m;wkYd onf bke;f BuD;wkYd ud;k uG,t
f ;xm;&m q&mjzpf&pfygonf/

jyKpkawmfrlcJhaom usrf;*efawG
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; ûypkawmfrcl ahJ om usr;f *efwYdkrmS ajcmufq,fch Ek pS f (67) usr;f ½Sad Mumif; a&wGuf
azmfjyxm;onfukd awGU&ygonf? þonfwYdk rS pmtkyt f jzpf a&muf½NdS yD; usrf;*efta&twGuo f m jzpfyg vdrrfh nf?
usrf;pmtkyt f jzpfoYkd ra&mufao;bJ pmrltjzpfjzifh usef&pfaom usrf;*efwYdk vnf; ½Syd gao;onf? usefao;aom
xkpd mrlwYdk uvkd nf; oufqidk &f m wm0ef½o
dS w
l Ydk u usrf;pmtkytf jzpf a&mufatmif aqmif½u G Mf urnfom jzpfygonf?
xGuaf y:vmvwHUå usrf;pmrsm;ygqkv d Qif ,cka&wGuf azmfjyxm;aom ta&twGux f uf ydv k mrnfrmS aocsm
ygonf/

q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf a[mw&m;rsK;d r[kwb f J usr;f *efûypkenf;twkid ;f a&;om;ûypkcahJ om ]]0dyóem

½Ienf;usrf;ç 0do'k rd̈ *fbmomjyefç 0do'k rd̈ *fr[m#Dumedó,}} ponfwYdk uo hJ Ykd aom usrf;*efrsKd;vnf; ygygonf?
a[mw&m;tjzpfrS uufqufêud;acGjzifh ul;,lNyD;aemuf usr;f pmtkyt f jzpfoYkd a&mufaeonfh usr;f pmrsK;d vnf;
yg½Syd gonf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; ûypkcahJ om þusrf;*efwYdk rmS tbufbufwiG f jynfph v kH yS gonf? okweå bf ufwiG f
r[mowdy|me ponfç tbd"r®mbufwiG f tbd"r®ma'oemawmfBuD; ponf (þusr;f BuD;rSm pmtkyt f jzpfoYkd
ra&mufao;bJ a&mufvek ;D eD; wnf;jzwfow k o
f ifjyifqifNyD; toifjh zpfaeavNyD? 0denf;bufwiG f 0de,0depd , ä
o*F[? þodYk yif okwçf tbd"r®mç 0denf;- [laom yd#uwfo;kH oG,w f iG f rnfonfah e&mrS vkad eonf[í l r½Svd b
S J
tbufbufwiG f jynfph v kH yS gonf/

omoemûy&mwGif y#dywdå omoemawmfuo kd m trsm;tm;jzifh tm;ay;rI ûyawmfrcl ahJ om q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;

jzpfawmfro
l nfth avsmuf ûypkcahJ om usrf;*efwidk ;f vkrd mS vnf; 0dyóem y#dywdbå ufuokd m iJah pmif;a½S;½I ûypkawmfrl
cJo
h nfcsn;f jzpfygonf? ûypkcahJ om usr;f *efwidk ;f rSm 0dyóem y#duwfEiS hf uif;aom usr;f *ef[í l r½So d avmuf
yifwnf;/
Mo0g'"r®tarG (ed'gef;) 5

þonfwYdk rmS 0dyóema,m*D yk*K¾d vfwYdk twGuf ay;awmfrcl ahJ om tarGypön;f jzpfygawmhonf? tzk;d xku d f
tzk;d wef edAmÁ efa&mufonftxd oH;k pGEJ ikd af om tzk;d wef tarGypön;f udk q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;xHrS &,lvu
dk Mf u&
onfrmS bke;f BuD;wkYd wawG rnfrQ uHaumif;Muoenf;? wpfb0wGif wpfcgavmufom tcGiêhf uHojzifh wku d q f &kH
aom uHaumif;jcif;rsK;d ygay/

tarG 2-rsK;d

"r®'g,m'okwaf wmfwiG f jrwfpmG bk&m;u tarG 2-rsKd;udk cGjJ cm;í a[mMum;awmf rlxm;ygonf? xkd 2-
rsKd;rSm tmrdotarGç "r®tarGrsm; jzpfygonf? xkd 2-rsKd;teuf tmrdp tarGonf qGr;f ç ouFe;f ç ausmif;ç aq;
ypön;f 4-yg;jzpfavonf/ xkt d mrdotarGukd jrwfpmG bk&m;u olUwynfh om0uwkYd tm; rcH,Ml uzkYd EiS hf "r®tarG
udo k m cH,Ml uzkYd wkud w
f eG ;f awmfrcl o
hJ nf? "r®tarGonf usifBh uHêud;ukwf tm;xkw&f rnfh 0dyóem y#dywf uho J Ykd
aom tarGjzpfavonf? jrwfpmG bk&m;\ tvkad wmf twkid ;f q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;\ tarGcw H Ydk onf "r®tarGukd
cH,Ml uzkYd vkt
d yfvaS yonf/

ypön;f av;yg;[laom tmrdorSm vlwYdk avmuwGif xku d o

f ifo
h avmufawmh ½S&d rnfom jzpfayonf? Acwf
tavsmuf ypön;f av;yg; rjynfph v kH Qif ]]tlrrawmifo h jzifh oDvapmifEh idk rf nfr[kw}f } aomaMumifh xku
d of ihf aom
ypön;f av;yg;rSm ½So d if½h x dS u dk af yonf? ½So d ifah omaMumifyh if y&da,oeorÜ'gç ypön;f Opöm&atmif ½SmrS;D rIEiS hf
jynfph zkH Ydk ? tm&u©orÜ'gç ½SmrS;D í &½Sv d maom ypön;f Opömudk tcsD;tES;D rjzpfapbJ raysmufrysufatmif xde;f odr;f
apmifah ½SmufrEI iS hf jynfph zkH Ydk uv kd nf; a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ yonf? tmrdotarGukd rcHapvko d nfrmS ypön;f av;yg;udk
r½SmrD;S tyf rapmifah ½Smuftyfonfukd a[mMum;awmfrv l &dk if; r[kwo f nfrmS xif½mS ;vSonf? þonfrmS
avmuvlwYdk twGuf tmrdotarGcH r[kwaf Mumif; od½&dS ef vkt d yfvoS nf/

&[ef;wkYd rmS rl ypön;f av;yg;udk tm;xkw½f mS rS;D ae&ef rvkt d yfonfomwnf;? ae&eftwGuf aqmufvyk v f o
ª l
'g,um r½Sv d Qif opfyif&yd üf aezkYd ñTeMf um;awmfrcl o hJ nf? ouFe;f r½Sv
d Qif vlwYdk pGeYf ypfxm;aom t0wfukd
aumuf,0l wfzYdk yho H ulouFe;f udk ñTeMf um;awmfrcl o hJ nf? qGr;f twGuq f vdk Qif ovH;k jrif;acgif;udk t&if;ûyí
qGr;f cHpm;zkYd ñTeMf um;awmfrcl o hJ nf? aq;qkv
d Qiv
f nf; vG,v f ,G u
f u
l l &Ekid af om EGm;usiif ,fjzifh xH;k tyfonfh
qD;jzLç oQd½mS ;ç ozef;cg;aq;udk ñTeMf um;awmfrcl o hJ nf? vªo'l g,um ½Sv d Qifrl tvªcaH umif;onfuakd wmh cGiûhf y
awmfrcl ohJ nf/

wpfr*fç wpfzv dk &f vkí

d bk&m;omoemawmfoYkd 0ifa&muf&[ef;ûyvmMuaom olUwynfh om0uwkYd tm;
r*fçzkv
d &f &m &aMumif;jzpfonfh w&m;udo k m tm;xkwaf wmfral pcsio f nf? w&m;tm;xkwo f jzifh oHo&m0#f'uk r© S
vGwaf jrmufapvko d nf? xkYd aMumifh ypön;f av;yg; &vkrd jI zifh tcsed u
f ek rf cHapvk?d w&m;tm;xkwrf [
I al om w&m;tarG
udo
k m cH,v l suf tcsde&f orQ w&m;udo k m êud;yrf;tm;xkwaf pvkad Mumif;rSm xif½mS ;vSygonf/

&xkdufaom"r®tarGESifh
&[ef;awmfOD;aombe

q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;\ teD;uyf0wfBuD; 0wfi,fukd ûypkvsuv f nf;aumif;? q&mawmfBuD; <u&mwGif

vkud yf gí rauGruGm apmifah ½Smufvsuf vnf;aumif; aexkid cf ahJ om &[ef;awmf OD;aomberSm þ ]]"r®tarG}} pmrl
udk uufqufêud;acGjzifh zrf;,lNyD;vQif pmrltjzpf a&mufatmif êud;yrf;xm;cJoh nf? þpmrlvdk omoemEk*[ ¾ tzGUJ
vlBuD;wkYd u awmif;aomfvnf; ray;&uf rpGeYf &uf rufrufarmarm ESajrmESpûf cduf &if0,fyu kd f vQurf vTwEf ikd f
atmif jzpfaecJo
h nf/

þpmrlMurf;udk ed'gef;ESiw
hf uG pmrlacsmtjzpfoYkda&mufatmif wnf;jzwfowk of if jyifqifay;yg&ef
bke;f BuD;xH tyfExHS m;½Smonf? þtwGi;f rSmyif r[mpnf em,uq&mawmfrsm;ESihf e,fvnS hf "r®uxdu q&mawmf
rsm; pnf;a0;zkYd tcsdeu
f mvodYk a&mufvmí pnf;a0;awmfrMl u&m tcgü-
Mo0g'"r®tarG (ed'gef;) 6

]]r[mpnf q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; a[mw&m;rsm;udk &½Sx d m;&m

yk*K¾d vfwYdkonf xkw d &m;rsm;udk em,utzGUJ odYk wifjyNyD;vQif
omoemEk*[ ¾ tzGUJ u wm0ef,½l u kd Ef ydS &f rnf}} ---

[laom qH;k jzwfcsuu f kd wnDwnGww f nf; oabmwl qH;k jzwfawmfrv l u

dk Mf uonf? em,uq&mawmfwYdkonf
þqH;k jzwfawmfrMl u&mü rnfoUl vufwiG f rnfonfph mrlae½So d nf[k odawmfr[ l efrwlay? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;\
w&m;awG pnf;rJu h rf;rJh jzpfrnfp;kd awmfrMl uíom þodYk qH;k jzwfawmfrMl u[ef ½Syd gonf/ þwGif &[ef;awmf
OD;aombe\ pmrlrmS bke;f BuD;xHwiG f a&muf½adS eNyDjzpfí bke;f BuD;u þpmrl½adS eonfuo kd &d m-

]]q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;\ w&m;pmrlwpfck wynfah wmfqrD mS ½Sad e

ygonf? omoemEk*[ ¾ tzGUJ uawmif;xm;aomfvnf; oljrwfE;dk
aom pmrljzpfvYdk ray;bJ xm;onf[q k ydk gonf? þpmrlukd
wnf;jzwf ol½vdS Qif ydYk vu
dk yf grnf}} ---

[k xkwaf zmfavQmufxm;vku
d &f awmhonf? xkt
d cg q&mawmfwpfyg;u-

]]q&mawmfyJ wnf;jzwfyg}}[k qkyd gonf/

em,uq&mawmfwYdk\ qH;k jzwfcsufrmS avsmfuefoifjh rwfvyS gonf? odYk aomf þpmrlukd tjrwfwEd;k
jzpfvsuf½adS om OD;aombetwGurf mS rl rnfoYkd ½adS vonfrod? em,u tpnf;ta0; NyD;í OD;aombeESihf awGUonfh
tcg-

]]wynfah wmf odvsufeYJ 'Dvdk ravQmufbx J m;vkYd rjzpfawmhb;l

OD;aombe? 'gaMumifh 'Dvdk azmfxw k af vQmufxm;vku d &f wmyJ}}
ajym&m

]]wifygbk&m;-NyD;wmygyJ? rwwfEikd b
f ;l aygh}}wJ?h
rsufEmS i,fuav;eJY ajym½Smygonf/

em,uq&mawmfwYdk\ qH;k jzwfcsuu f kd q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ud,

k w
f idk f vkud ef mawmfrcl zhJ ;l ygonf? em,u
q&mawmf\ qH;k jzwfcsuw f pfcwk iG f q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf þqH;k jzwfcsuu f dk vkv
d m;awmfrrlbv J suf vku
d af vsm
awmfrcl yhJ gonf? tvsOf;oifah eojzifh þed'gef;wGif azmfjyygOD;rnf/
Mo0g'"r®tarG (ed'gef;) 7

½kyfwkawmfudpö

bke;f BuD;tjrifwiG f ]]q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; oufawmfxif½mS ;½Sw d ek ;f q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;\ ½kyw f ak wmf
ûyvkyxf m;oifo h nf? oufawmfxif½mS ; r½So d nfah emufrS "mwfyu kH kd Munfv
h yk &f vQif wloifo h avmuf wlrnfr[kw?f
þudpu ö kd q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;tm; avQmufxm;NyD; apmapmu ûyvkyx f m;rSjzpfrnf}}[k jrifvmonf? þwGif
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;tm; avQmufxm;zkYd pOf;pm;&mü tcuftcJ wpfcak y:vmavonf? xkt d cufrmS ]]q&mawmf
bk&m;BuD; ysv H eG af wmfrrl }S }qko
d nfph um;udk xnfo h iG ;f avQmufxm;&ef &ifo h ;D vSojzifh ravQmufxm;vkb d J jzpfvm
aom tcufjzpfavonf? b,fvydk if y&d,m,fjzifh avQmufavQmuf q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;uawmh &nf½, G cf suu
f kd
odrnfomjzpfonf-[k qifjcifro d jzifh avQmufxm;&ef cufaecJo h nf? trSef ]]aorSûyvkyf vkYd rjzpf}}[laom
&nf½,G cf sufukd q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; od½o dS mG ;rnfth wGuf xkpd um;vH;k udk rxnf&h ufbJ jzpfaejcif; omjzpfygonf/

rnfoYdkyifjzpfap ½kyw
f ak wmf½EdS iS zhf Ydk &mu ta&;BuD;ojzifh jzpfovkd avQmufxm;&awmhrnf[k qH;k jzwf
NyD;vQi-f

]] q&mawmfb&k m;-

q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;\ yHw k l ½kywf ak wmf½o

dS ifo
h nf[k xifyg
onfb&k m;? q&mawmfb&k m;xHrS cGiûhf ycsu&f vQif ûyvkyv f ydk g
onf? "gwfyu kH Mkd unfh xkvyk vf Ydk wloifo h avmuf wlrnf
r[kwyf g? wynfah wmfrsm; q&mawmfb&k m;xHrS cGiûhf ycsuf
&onfEiS whf ûydief uf ½kyw f ak wmf jzpfajrmufa&;udk tm;xkwf
Murnfjzpfygonf bk&m;}}

þt"dygÜ ,ftwkid ;f yif0ufvufaeí pmjzifv

h rS ;f NyD; avQmufxm;vku
d yf gonf?rMumrSrD mS yif q&mawmfb&k m;
BuD;xHrS pmjyefvm\? pmrSm

]]"gwfyakH wG ½Sad eNyDjzpfvYdk ½kyw

f v
k yk af e&ef vkrd nfr[kwyf g?
"gwfy½kH adS e&if NyD;aewmyJ}}wJ/h

vk&d if;t"dygÜ ,frmS þodYk yif jyefpma&;vku

d yf gonf? þjyefpmt& twif;xk;d avQmufxm;&ef roifoh jzifh
aemufxyfravQmufxm;awmhyJ tomaecJyh gonf?odYk aomfþay;pmjyefpmESihf ywfoufí em,utzGUJ 0if q&m awmf
tcsKdUESihf awGUonft h cg avQmufxm;cJo h nf? em,utpnf;ta0;okYd wifjy avQmufxm;jcif; r[kwyf g? em,u
tzGUJ 0if q&mawmfrsm; pnf;a0;csed af &mufvmí pnf;a0;vmMuonft h cg þudpu
ö kd odNyD;jzpfaeaom q&mawmf
wpfyg;u-

]]q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;\ ½kyw f ak wmfjzpfajrmufa&;udk wynfah wmf

wkYd em,utzGUJ u qH;k jzwfNyD; aqmif½u G rf jS zpfrnf? 0ufvuf
q&mawmfwpfyg;wnf;taeeJY avQmufxm;&mü q&mawmfb&k m;
BuD;u cGirhf ûybJ jzpfaeygonf? q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;½kyw f ak wmf
ûyvkyMf uzkYd oifNh yDjzpfaMumif; tqku d kd wynfah wmfu wifoiG ;f
ygonf}}

[k tqkud w
kd ifoiG ;f &m xkt
d qku
d kd em,utzGUJ q&mawmfwYdk u oabmwl qH;k jzwfvu
dk Mf uonf? þqH;k jzwfcsufukd
0ufvuf q&mawmfu q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;xH a&mufatmif avQmufxm;&ef[í l vnf; bke;f BuD;tm; em,utzGUJ u
wm0efay;vkud Mf uawmhonf? wm0ef½v dS monfh tavsmuf q&mawmfBuD; oDwif;oH;k &m pHausmif; tay:xyfoYkd
wufa&mufcsO;f uyfNyD;vQi-f
]]q&mawmfb&k m; wynfah wmfu rnfoYkdrQ vHUI aqmfjcif;rûybJ
em,uq&mawmfrsm;tzGUJ u q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;\ ½kyw f ak wmf
½So
d ifah Mumif;udk qH;k jzwfMuygonfb&k m;}}
Mo0g'"r®tarG (ed'gef;) 8

þodYk avQmufxm;cJ&h onf? rdru d avQmufxm;onfukd cGirhf ûyjcif;aMumifh em,uq&mawmfrsm;tm;

vHUI aqmfNyD; q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; qE´r½So
d nfukd twif;r&-t& wku d ,
f o
l nf[k xifrnfp;kd ojzifh rdrv
d UIH aqmfonf
r[kwaf Mumif;udk xnfoh iG ;f avQmufxm;vku
d jf cif; jzpf\? onfawmhrS q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u-

]]½kyw
f vk yk &f if bmeJY vkyMf urSmvJ}}wJh/
]]uGeuf &pfeYJ vky&f if aumif;r,fxifygw,f bk&m;}}vkYd

avQmufxm;&m-

]]aMu;eJY vky&f if tEÅ&m,frsm;w,f raumif;bl;}}wJ/h

þodYk trdeYf ½ydS gonf? em,utzGUJ rS oifah wmfrnfxifí qH;k jzwfonft h cgü ]]"gwfyakH wG½adS ewmyJ}}vkYd
trdeYf r½Sad wmhay? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf rdr\ d tvkq
d E´ukd ½kyo
f rd ;f awmfrv
l suf em,uq&mawmfwYdk \ tvkq d E´
twkid ;f jiif;y,fjcif; rûyyJ cGiûhf yawmfrcl yhJ gonf/

OD;aombevnf; vkdufavsmcJhonf
OD;aombeonf þ ]]"r®tarG}} pmrlukd omoemEk*[ ¾ tzGUJ vlBuD;rsm;u awmif;aomfvnf; ray;&ufatmif
tjrwfwEd;k vuf0,fyu kd vf suf ESpEf pS o
f ufouf pHrk ufaecJo h nf? omoemEk*[ ¾ tzGUJ vlBuD;rsm; qkyd gvQif &[ef;
oHCmawmfwYdk EiS w
hf uG &dyo
f mBuD; wpf&yd o f mvH;k apmifah ½SmufNyD; vkt
d yforQ udpt ö 00udk aqmif½u G v
f mcJah om tzGUJ
BuD;jzpfonfukd trsm;olig odaeMuonf? xkYd aMumifh tzGUJ vlBuD;wkYd u awmif;onfqv dk Qif t&m&m axmufxm;í
ay;oifyh gvsuf ray;&ufb½J cdS ohJ nfrmS OD;aombeonf olUpmrlukd rnfrQ tjrwfwEd;k jzpfaeonfukd qifjcifu
odomxif½mS ;vSonf/

odYk -ESpo
f ufprkH uf ayGUzufxm;cJyh gaomfvnf; OD;aomberSm em,u q&mawmfwYdk\ tvkq d E´twkid ;f
qH;k jzwfcsufurkd l ]]rwwfEidk b
f ;l aygh}} [laom pum;jzifh vku d af vsmcJ&h ½Smonf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onfyif tvkq d E´
r½Sb d J em,utzGUJ \ tvkq d E´twkid ;f vku
d af vsmawmfrcl yhJ gvsuf OD;aombevkd &[ef;awmfwpfyg;u rvku d af vsm
bJ aecJyh gvQif tb,frmS oifah wmfygrnfenf;? em,utzGUJ q&mawmfwYdk onf q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;\ tarGxed ;f
om;BuD; Mo&o t&mwGif wnf½adS ecJ&h m w&m;ojzifh pDrcH efYcaJG y;aom tpDtrHukd emcHí t&m&m vku d af vsmoifMh u
ygownf;/
0ufvuf-rpdk;&drfOD;wdó

1344-ck? jymodv
k jynfah usmf 12-&uf? Ak'[
¨ ;l aeY/
omoem-2526
(9-2-83)
Mo0g'"r®tarG 9

yxrykid ;f
eHeufbk&m;0wfwuftNyD;ay;aom
Mo0g'uxma'oem

'Domoemh&yd o f mrSmaewJh yk*K¾d vfawG omoemawmf tusKd;udk pGr;f Edik o f rQ aqmif½u G zf Ydk &m vkyd gw,f?
aqmif½u G Ef idk rf v
S yJ J aezkYd &m oifyh gw,f? 'DrmS tNrJ½adS ewJh yk*K¾d vfawGu rdrwd Ydk wwfEidk o
f rQ êud;pm;aqmif½u G rf S
jzpfr,f? ur®|mep&d, yk*K¾d vfawGu ñTeMf um;wJt h wkid ;f aqmif½u
G Mf uzkYd ygyJ/

omoemh&yd o
f mrSmaewJh yk*K¾d vfqwdk m rdrud , kd w
f idk v
f J tusKd;rsm;atmifaezkYd ud, k t hf wGuo
f m ruao;bl;?
trsm;twGuv f J tusKd;rsm;atmif a[mEkid çf ajymEkid çf ñTeMf um;Ekid af tmif tJ'v
D dk &nf½,G Nf yD; vmaezkYd aumif;ygw,f?
tJ'Dvdk r[kw,f ifawmhjzifh omoemh&yd o f mrSm vmNyD;aewm ydak ewmygyJ/

0guRwf&if jyef&wmyJ

a½S;uwnf;u 'Du&[ef;cHwhJ yk*K¾d vfawGukd &[ef;cHNyD; 'DrmS tNrJwrf; aer,fqv dk Ydk ½,

dS if &[ef;cHray;ygbl;?
cPacwåaer,fh 'kvb ’ om&[ef;cHay;ygw,f? bmûyvkYd wek ;f qkad wmh &[ef;cH NyD;awmh 'Dvdk tNrJae,if pmoifwm
vJr[kwf bmvJr[kwf tvum;ydak erSmpd;k vkYd ygyJ? 'gaMumifh 'DrmS &[ef;cHwJh yk*K¾d vfawGukd tpwke;f uwnf;u
vufrcHygbl;? rvTrJ uif;omwJh wpfO;D wavawmh ½Syd gw,f/

omoemh&yd o f mu omoemawmf tusK;d rsm;atmif aqmif½u G zf Ydk&m XmeyJ? 'gaMumifh ud, k wf idk v
f yJ J
aqmif½uG Ef idk zf Ydk &ef êud;pm;&r,f? 'DrmS w&m;tm;xkwNf yD;vkYd &ufyakd ew,fq&dk ifvJ w&m;a[myHk a[menf;wkYd ç
bmwkYd tJ'v D [ dk mawG avhusifzh Ydk -w&m;a[mEdik zf Ydk &m ta&;BuD;ygw,f? tJ'gawG raqmif½u G Ef ikd b
f ;l qk,
d ifawmh
ur®|mef;&dyof mrSm odyt f qifrajyygbl;/

trSeu
f awmh 0guRwfvYdk ½, dS if jyef&wmyJ? taMumif;xl; r½S, d ifayghav? taMumif;xl;½Sw d hJ yk*K¾d vfq,
dk ifvJ
rdrqd &mjzpfwhJ ur®|mef; q&mxHrmS cGiahf wmif;NyD;awmh oifah wmfw,fq, dk ifvaJ eç roifah wmfb;l qk, d ifvJ
uk,d ahf e&mud,k f jyefaezkYd ygyJ? 'DrmS a½S;wke;f uqkvd Ydk ½,
dS if 0guRwfwmeJY jyefwhJ yk*K¾d vfjyef&w,f? 'grSaemufvmwJh
yk*K¾d vfawG ae&mxdik cf if;wkYd bmwkYd tppt&m&m ay;Edik w f mud;k ? tckawmhjzifh ausmif;awG awmfawmfrsm;vmvkYd
w&m;tm;xkwrf ,fh a,m*Dy*k K¾d vfawG ae&may;zkYd awmfawmf jynfph akH eygNyD? 'gayr,fvYdk a½S;wke;f uvkyd J taMumif;
xl; r½S, d ifawmh 'Domoemh&yd o f mrSm tMumBuD;aevkYd rawmfygbl;/

'DESpfawmhb,fvkdaer,frajymwwfbl;

tif;- tzGUJ uyk*K¾d vfawG tjriftm;jzifv h J omoemawmf tusKd;raqmif½u G Ef idk v

f Ydk ½,
dS if olwYdk pdwxf rJ mS
tm;&rSmr[kwb f ;l ? omoemûy&mXmeqkad wmh omoemûyzkYd vkyd gw,f? ud, k w f idk v
f J y#dywdå omoemjynfph o kH ifo
h rQ
jynfph akH tmif tm;xkwçf wwfEikd v f Ydk ½,
dS if w&m;awG bmawG a[mzkYd &dyo f mxJrmS vJ [dawoDw&m;yGJ
usif;ywmvJ½adS wmh tJ'rD mS vJ tusKd;rsm;atmif a[mEdik , f ifa[m ra[mEdik v
f Ydk ½,
dS ifawmhvJ w,fNyD; ae&mrusbl;/

'Djyifae&mXmeawGrmS vJ 'Du"r®uxduawG<ua&mufNyD;a[mMum; ñTejf yaewmawG ½Syd gw,f? ESpw f idk ;f

ESpw
f idk ;f awmh oGm;aewmyJ?'DEpS af wmh b,fvadk er,f rajymwwfb;l ?tJ'guawmh ESpyf wfvnf usrS tckawmh apmyg
ao;w,f/ tJ'gawG'u D vJ wm0ef½w dS mjzpfvYdk ckajym&wmyJ? rajym,if olrsm;u tjypfwifp&mjzpfrmS ? tkycf sKyfwhJ
q&mawGrmS yJ tjypfwifp&mjzpfaer,f? 'gaMumifrh Ydk 'Du ajymoifw h m uav;awGukd ajym&wm/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 10

tm;xkwfwJhyk*d¾KvfawG pdwfrcsrf;omatmif rajymoifhbl;

omoemtusKd;½Sad tmif aqmif½u G zf Ydk qkw d mvJ rusef;rrmwJh yk*K¾d vfusawmh rwwfEikd b f ;l aygh? a½S;u
aqmif½u
G af eayr,fvYdk rusef;rmawmhvJ rwwfEidk b f ;l ? usef;vJusef;rmr,f aqmif½u
G Ef idk pf rG ;f vJ ½Srd ,fq, kd if awmh
omoemawmfrmS tusKd;½Sad tmif aqmif½u
G Mf uzkYd vkyd gw,f/

ajymwJt
h cgrSmvJ apwemxufxufoefoefeYJ ajymzkYd ta&;BuD;ygw,f? 'gaMumifh tm;xkww f hJ yk*K¾d vfawG
pdwrf csr;f romjzpfatmif rawmfroifah jymwmvJ ae&mrusb;l ? tJ'grajymoifh rajymxku
d w
f hJ OpömyJ? rajym&bl;
'DOpöm? w&m;tm;xkwzf Ydkom wku
d wf eG ;f NyD; ajym&w,f/
wavmu Edik if jH cm;uvmwJh yk*K¾d vfawG- a,m*DawGawmifrS ur®|mef;jywJh yk*K¾d vftjzpfeYJ 'DupDpOfay;zkYd &m
½Sad ew,f? awmfawmfMumygNyD? tJ'D Edik if jH cm;uvmwJh yk*K¾d vfawGuvJ ajymwmudk tm;r&bJ jzpfaeMuw,f? olwYdk
tm;&atmifvYdkuvJ Edik if jH cm;pum;awG ajymwwfrçS pmayusr;f *ef A[kow k eJY jynfph rkH çS apwemuvJ xufxuf
oefoef½rdS S 'grS jzpfrmS /

pdwfaumif;ESvHk;aumif;vJ ½SdrS

tJ'g tcsKdU tcsKdU t&yfawGrmS ur®|mef;q&mawG vkad ew,f? tJ'D vkad ewJh ae&mawGrmS vJ 'Du
t&nftcsif; jynfph w kH hJ yk*K¾d vfç pdwaf umif; ESv;kH aumif;½Sw d hJ yk*K¾d vfç y&d,wdv å jJ ynfph w
kH yhJ *k K¾d vfç a[ma&;ajyma&;vJ
pGr;f aqmifEikd w
f hJ t&nftcsif;½Sw d hJ yk*K¾d vf½v
dS Ydk ½,
dS if tJ'yD *k K¾d vfukd wjcm;vkw
d t
hJ &yf udk ydYk ay;&r,f/ ykYd ay;wht J cg
awmhvJ aeEdik o f rQaezkYd ygyJ? tJ'rD mS tNrJwrf;ae&r,fvYdk awmh rajymygbl;? bmûyvkYd v J qkad wmh tcsKdUae&mawGu
tNrJwrf;aezkYd &mrvkt d yfwahJ e&mvJ½adS ewwfvYdk ygyJ?tqifrajywJah e&mqk&d ifaeEdik o f rQomaezkYd ygyJ?wpfcsKdUyk*K¾d vfawG
uvJ b,fae&mjzpfjzpf wpfcgwnf; aezkYd qNdk yD; pdwx f ufxufoefoef jzpfaewwfwmvJ ½Syd gw,f/

tJ'vD dk pdwx f ufxufoefoefjzpfwhJ yk*K¾d vfusawmh omoemûyzkYd &m ae&mopfuav;awGukd oGm;oGm;NyD;aezkYd

oifah wmfygw,f?tJ'v D dk ae&mopfuav;awGvJ tckenf;enf;awmh½ydS gw,f?oH;k Xmeavmufvm;rodb;l ? oifah wmfwhJ
yk*K¾d vfr½Sw
d meJY tJ'aD e&mawGrmS 'Du rydYk &ao;bJjzpfaew,f/

tJ'grSvJ 'DrmS aeorQumvywfv;kH ud, k t

hf wGuvf J tusKd;½Sçd olrsm;awGuv kd J tm;ay;ç 'Dvrdk mS omoem
awmfrmS tusKd;½Srd ,f? omoemûyEkid af tmif avhvm&r,f? tJ'gravhvmEkid v f Ydk ½S&d ifawmh 'DrmS tMumBuD; aevkYd
rawmfb;l ? rdrw
d Ydk wm0efukd rdrw
d Ydk ausyGeaf tmif tm;xkwMf uzkYd ygyJ/

w&m;tm;xkwfzkdYtcsdefenf;ae,if ae&mrusbl;

tNrJvadk ewJh yk*K¾d vfawGuawmh naeydik ;f rSmvJyJ bk&m;0wfwuf? y&dav;bmav;½Gwçf w&m;vJ½çI naeydik ;f
wpfcsdeçf reufyikd ;f vJyJ (4) em&Duae (5) em&Dtxd 0wfwufç y&dwv f J enf;enf;½GwNf yD;awmh w&m; ESv;kH oGi;f
tm;xkwzf Ydk ç reufyikd ;f usawmh [kad usmif;ay:wufzYdk ygyJ? tJ'D bk&m;½Scd ;dk wmeJY y&dw½f wG u f akd wmh tcsdef rMum
atmifvYdk enf;enf;ygyJ? tcsderf sm;rsm;vkyv f Ydk ½,
dS if ½Gwaf ewmeJY NyD;aerSm w&m;tm;xkwzf Ydk &m tcsdef enf;ae ,if
ae&mrusb;l /

'gaMumifh y&dw½f w G w
f mawG bmawG enf;Ekid o f rQ enf;atmifppD Ofxm;ygw,f? 'DrmS naeykid ;f - naeydik ;f
w&m;tm;xkww f hJ yk*K¾d vfawGç y&dw½f w
G v
f mMuwJh yk*K¾d vfawG awmfawmf½&dS UJ vm; rodygbl;? 'gvJ 'Du vmrMunfh
Edik b
f ;l ? tJ'D vmç rvm pm&if;av;eJY qk, d if aumif;rSmyJ? 'Du odcsifygw,f? [drk mS vJ toift h wifah wmh vmMuyg
w,f? 'gayr,fvYdk rvmwJh yk*K¾d vfawGvJ ½Sw d myJ? ae&mrusbl;/

'Duawmh olwYdk pdwrf csrf;omrSmpd;k vkYd bmrSrajymao;ygbl;? 'Du ud, k w

f idk b
f &k m;0wfwufç ud,
k w
f idk yf &dwf
½Gwçf ud,
k wf idk w
f &m;xkid af ewmawmif 'DrmS 'Dvdk vkyaf e,if 'Djyif yk*K¾d vfawGuvJ vmMuygrSaygh? rusef;rmvkYd ae&if
awmhvJ [kwyf g&JU? usef;rm,ifawmh vmMuygrSaygh? tJ'g ta&;BuD;ygw,f/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 11

omoemh&yd o f mrSma&mufwhJ yk*K¾d vfawG omoemawmfrmS ud, k w

f idk v
f J tusKd;rsm;ç olrsm;vJ tusKd;rsm;atmif
rdrw
d Ydk pGr;f aqmifEikd o
f rQ pGr;f aqmifzYdk êud;pm;Mu&efowday;ygw,f/

þuJo h Ykd êud;pm;tm;xkwjf cif;jzifh rdrw

d Ydk vkv
d m;tyfaom aumif;usKd;csrf;om avmuDç avmukw&å m
r*Fvmtaygif;ESihf jynfph MkH uygap/

om"k-om"k-om"k-/

oDwif;uRwfylaZmfyGJü a[mMum;aom
Mo0g'uxma'oem

usef;rmatmif aq;u apmifha½SmufovkdygyJ

ESppf OfEpS w f idk ;f 0guRwfwt

hJ cgumvrSm tzGUJ u pDpOfNyD;awmh bke;f BuD;ESiw hf uG oHCmawmf awGukd ylaZmf
Muwm[m ukov dk af umif;rIawG xyfNyD;awmh yGm;MuwmygyJ? tzGUJ 0if yk*K¾d vfawGa&mçtzGUJ udk taMumif; ûyNyD; awmh
vª'gef;wJyh *k K¾d vfawGa&mç'DXmerS vma&mufNyD; w&m;tm;xkww f hJ yk*K¾d vfawGa&m rdrw
d Ydk apwemo'¨gw&m; tm;avsmf
pGm ukovkd af umif;rIawG trsm;BuD;yGmaeMuwmyJ? 'g0rf;om p&mygyJ/

ab;u yk*K¾d vfawGrmS vJ pdwaf umif; ESv;kH aumif;eJY tm½Hûk yr,fq, dk if Munfñ0dk rf;ajrmufp&m ygyJ? 'Dawmh
ab;uyk*K¾d vfawGvJ ukov kd yf mG ;rsm;Edik yf gw,f? tifrwefaus;Zl;rsm;ygw,f? 'gawG bke;f BuD;u bmvky&f r,fvYdk
ñTeMf um;p&mvJ rvkb d ;l ? tckaqmif½u G Nf yD;om; OpömawG[m tifrwef tm;&0rf;omp&maumif;aewmyJ? ukov kd x
f ;l
awG yGm;rsm;aeygw,f/

'Dvadk umif;rIawGeYJ pyfNyD; jrwfpmG bk&m;u "r®&udw© yk*K¾d vfukd taMumif;ûya[mwJh w&m;udk trSw&f vm
w,f? t&ifua[maeusw&m;ygyJ? tJ'w D &m;u b,fvw dk ek ;f qkad wm-

]]"ar®m [a0 &u©wd "r®pm&D? "ar®m okpad PÖm okcrm0[wd?

{omedoaH om "ar® okpad PÖ? e 'k*w
¾ ð *päwd "r®pm&D}} wJ/h

'Dw&m;*gxmav;u w,faumif;wmyJ? "r®pm&D-w&m;udu k sifah vh½adS om yk*K¾d vfu?kd "ar®m- olawmfaumif;

w&m;u? [a0-pifppf? &u©w-d apmifah ½Smufwwf\-w&m;usifw h hJ yk*K¾d vfawG w&m;u apmifah ½Smufw,fw?hJ
oifah wmfwhJ tpmtm[m&udk pm;wJyh *k K¾d vfrmS tJ't D pm tm[m&uaeNyD; apmifah ½SmufvYdk usef;rmw,fç tiftm;
½Sw
d ,f? oifah wmfwahJ q;udk rS0D o J ;kH aqmifwhJ yk*K¾d vfawGrmS vJ tJ'aD q;uaeNyD; apmifah ½SmufvYdk usef;rmMuw,f?
tJ'gvkyd gyJ w&m;udk usifv
h Ydk ½,
dS if tJ'u D sihw
f w
hJ &m;uaeNyD; apmifah ½Smufygw,f? b,fvdk apmifah ½Smufwek ;f qk&d if-

avmuvlcsrf;omawGç ewfcsrf;omawG tJ'v D dk csrf;omawGeYJ jynfph akH tmif apmifah ½Smufw,f? tEÅ&m,f awG
uif;atmifapmifah ½Smufw,f? aemufq;kH qif;&Jcyford ;f Nidr;f wJh edAmÁ efxad tmifvJ apmifah ½Smufw,f? tifrwef
aumif;ygw,f? w&m;usifw h hJ yk*K¾d vfudk w&m;uapmifah ½Smufw,fw/hJ

tck'rD mS vmNyD;awmh w&m;tm;xkwwf hJ yk*K¾d vfawGvJ w&m;udk t½kt

d aotav;tjrwfûyNyD; tm;xkwaf evkYd
½S, d if tJ'w D &m;awGu apmifah ½SmufwmyJ?½d½k akd oao av;av;pm;pm;eJYtm;xkwzf Ydk ta&;BuD;ygw,f? 'Domoemh
&dyo f mrSm vma&mufNyD;aewJh yk*K¾d vfawG ta[mif;jzpfjzpfç topfjzpfjzpf w&m;udk tav;tjrwfûyNyD; tm;xkwMf u
zkYd ygyJ? tJ'w
D &m;uaeNyD; aumif;usKd;awG&atmif apmifah ½Smufay;aerSmygyJ/
tck 'DrmS tzGUJ u yk*K¾d vfawGvJ 'Dr[mpnf&yd o
f mBuD; wm½Snwf nfwahH tmifç wk;d wufBuD;yGm;atmif qkNd yD;
awmh aqmif½u G af eygw,f? tifrwef tqifajyygw,f? Ak'o ¨ moemEk*[
¾ tzGUJ uom r[kwb f ;l ? [daowDtzGUJ uvJ
olwYdk wwfEidk o
f vkd aqmif½u
G af ewmyJ? tifrwefaumif;ygw,f? olUae&meJYol tqifajyygw,f/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 12

tJ'gawG 'Djyify*k K¾d vfawGvyJ J 'Du 'DtzGUJ awGurdk NDS yD; vªMuç wef;Muç oDvaqmufwnfMuç 0dyóem ½IrSwf
yGm;rsm;MueJY ukov kd af umif;rIawG tm;vH;k trsm;BuD; jzpfaeMu&w,f? 'Dvdk olawmfaumif;w&m;awGukd rdrw d Ydku
usiBhf uHtm;xkwaf eMuwmjzpfawmh tJ'D olawmfaumif;w&m;awGu tck rsuaf rSmufrmS yJ olawmfaumif;awG tjrif
tm;jzifh csD;rGr;f p&mç Munfñpdk &mawGyJ bmrS tjypfwifp&mr½Syd gbl;/

aemufooH &mb0awGusawmhvJ tJ'D yk*K¾d vfawGrmS 'Dûyxm;wJh aumif;rIawGu tusKd;ay;vkYd vlUb0ç

ewfb0awGrmS jzpfNyD; BuD;yGm;jrifjh rwfomG ;Edik yf gw,f? tJ'aD umif;rIuo k v
kd af wGaMumifh oHo&mb0gb0awGtxd
rapmifyh J ,ckrsufarSmufb0rSmyJ r*fç zkv d çf edAmÁ ef wkid af tmifa&mufcsif a&mufomG ;Edik yf gw,f? tJ'D yg&rDtajccH
ukovkd af wGu tqifq h ift
h m;jzifh r*fç zkv
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aumif;pGmusihtf yfonf½adS omf? {aom-tmedoaH om þodYk aom tusKd;tmedoifonf? a[mwd-jzpf\}} qkdcJhwJh
tusKd;tmedoifawG[m w&m;udk aumif;pGmusifv h Ydk jzpfwhJ tusKd;tmedoifawGygyJ/

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k v kd çf 0dyóemukov kd f tJ'aD umif;
wJh ukov
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w&m;tm;xkww f hJ yk*K¾d vfawGq,
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Mo0g'"r®tarG 13

wmygyJ? 'gawG olawmfaumif;w&m;awG? tJ'D olawmfaumif;w&m;awGukd tm;xkwaf eMuygw,f? tzGUJ 0if yk*K¾d vf
awGuvJ olawmfaumif;w&m;awG usifBh uHtm;xkwEf ikd Mf uygapqkNd yD; apwemç o'¨gw&m;eJY aqmif½u G af eMuwm
jzpfawmh tifrwef tqifajyygw,f? ud, k t
hf wGuo
f mr[kwb f ;l ? olrsm;twGuyf g tifrwef aus;Zl;rsm;wmygyJ?
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aumif;pGm usifo h ül &Ekid wf hJ tusKd;awGw?hJ w&m;udk aumif;pGm usifo h w
l Ydk tusKd;qk,
d if w&m;udak umif;pGm rusifw h hJ
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awGukd usifah eMuwmjzpfvYdk 'Dcsrf;omwJh tusKd;awG&zkYd &m tifrwefaumif;wmyJ/

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d yfwhJ aumif;usKd;
csrf;omawG&oGm;zkYd ygyJ? qif;&Juif;uGmMuzkYd ç aemufq;kH 'kuc© yford ;f Nidr;f wJh edAmÁ efa7mufzYdk y/J

odYk jzpfaomaMumifh jrwfpmG bk&m;a[mMum;wJth wkid ;f olawmfaumif;w&m;awG rdrw d YdkprG ;f Ekid f orQ usiBhf uH
tm;xkwjf cif;jzifah b;&eftEÅ&m,fawGrS uif;vGwNf yD;vQif rdrw d Ydk tvk½d t
dS yfaom ]]avmuD avmukw&å m aumif;usKd;
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baEÅ oHCv H Ydk qkw
d mawGukd Mum;&w,f? tjypfawmhr½Syd gbl;? 'gayr,fv h Ydk rl&if;ygVdenf; rusawmh
ravsmfwmayghav? ygVdenf;u ]]oHCH baEÅ y0ga&rd? 'da|e0g okawe0g y&douFm,0g 0'EÅK rH tm,o®aEÅm
tEkurH® Oyg'g,? yóaEÅm y#du&dómrd}} wJh/
tJ'g oHCmudk yefMum;avQmufxm;wm? ]]jrifvYdkjzpfjzpf Mum;vkYd jzpfjzpf qifjcifpOf;pm;NyD; oHo,½Szd Ydk
jzpfjzpf ajymp&m½S, d ifajymzkYd ç qH;k rp&m½S,
d if qH;k rzkYd ]]0'EÅK rH tm,o® aEÅm}} ajymqdq k ;kH rawmfrMl uygwJ?h ]]tEk ur®H
Oyg'g,}} oem;jcif;udk taMumif;ûyí ajymqkq d ;kH rygvkYd ajymwJh tcgumvrSm ajymwJçh qH;k rwJh yk*K¾d vfu olUukd
oem;NyD;awmh u½kPmpdwef YJ ajymqkq d ;kH rzkYd ygyJ? ajymp&m tjypf½adS ewJh yk*K¾d vfq, dk if oem;&rSmyJ? 'Du tjypfeYJ
qk,
d if raumif;usK;d awGoUl rSm jzpfawmhr,f? 'kua© &mufawmh r,fqNdk yD; olUudo k em;zkYd ygyJ? 'Dvo dk abmeJY oem;NyD;
awmh ajymqkq d ;kH r &r,f? NyD;awmh ]]yóaEÅm y#du&dómrd}}wJ?h ajymqkq d ;kH rwJh twkid ;f olUtjypfukd jrifov d mwJth cg
umvrSmtJ'jD rifwt hJ jypfukd ukpm;yghr,fvYdk 0efcw H m?omoemawmftwGi;f rSm aewJt h cg omoemawmfrmS ½Sw d hJ
usio hf ifh usix hf u dk w
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dk if 'Dy0g&Pmûywmudk
ûywwfatmif apmapmêudwifNyD; em;vnfatmif vkyx f m;zkYd aumif;ygw,f/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 14

rarhMuygeJY

tpuxJu q&morm;rsm;eJU tcsKd;usus avhvmxm;ygrSaygh? wcsKdU yk*K¾d vfawGuawmh tcsKd;wus

aumif;aumif;rGerf eG yf gyJ? wcsKUd usawmhvJ tqifrajybl;? tqifrajywJh yk*K¾d vfawG[m 'djyifae&mrSmvJ tusK;d
rsm;atmif aqmif½u G Ef ikd rf ,fh vu©Pmr½Sb d ;l ? jrwfpmG bk&m; omoemawmfrmS &[ef;ûyae,if ud,
k f wwfEidk o
f rQ
awmh omoemh wm0efawG aqmif½u G yf grSaygh? ayghayghqq aevkYd awmh b,fawmfrvJ/
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qdq
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dk yk v
f Ydk
b,fae&musrvJ/

'DrmS w&m;tm;xkww f ,fqw dk m jynfjh ynfph pkH kH tm;xkwzf Ydk ta&;BuD;ygw,f? w&m;tm; xkwNf yD;awmhvJ
rdrwd Ydk uqufNyD; omoemûyzkYd ç a[mEdik çf ajymEkid zf Ydk ygyJ? tJ'v D qdk ,dk if 'DrmS MumMumaezkYd aumif;ygw,f? 'Dvdk r[kwf
bJeYJ 'DrmS tcsed Mf umMumaevkYd tvum;yJ? 'DrmS y&dowfawG rsm;,ifwm0efav;aewmyJ? bmrSr[kwyf J ayghayghqq
eJYawmh'rD mS omoemawmftwGut f usKd;aqmif½u G f p&mr½Sb d ;l ?'DrmS ae,if omoemawmftwGuf ud, k f wwfEidk o
f rQ
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uyÜd,awGrSm tyfxm;wJhaiG

tckoC H mawGtwGuf vSLxm;wJh 0w¬KaiGawGv½J ydS gw,f? pm;p&m aomufp&mawGuawmh rvdyk gbl;?
olYtcsed ef YJ ol vSLMuç uyfMuvdYk NyD;aeygNyD vSLxm;wJh tJ'0D w¬KaiGawG[m awmfawmMum aeygNyD? 'DEpS rf S r[kwb f ;l ?
[d;k tvsift h vsif ESpaf wGuwnf;u uyÜ, d 'umawGxrH mS tyfxm;wm? 'DuvJ ar;jref;awmh rMunfrh yd gbl;? OdYk aomf
vJ 'DEpS rf mS tJ'gawGukd od&w,f? oHCmvSLxm;wJh 0w¬KaiGawG w,freJvb S ;l ? awmfawmfrsm;w,f? qdik &f mjzpfwhJ
oHCmawGukd 'D0w¬KaiGtjzpfeYJ a0vdYk awmh ae&m rusb;l ? ypön;f awG 0,fjcrf;NyD; vSLzdYk uvJ ae&mrusb;l /

'gaMumifh tJ'0D w¬KaiGawG a0zdYk uawmh 'Du rpDpOfygbl;? 0w¬KaiGawGa0w,fq, kd ifvJ uyÜ,
d awG toD;oD;
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f ;l ? tck'u
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'DEpS 0f gwGi;f rSmaewJh oHCmawmfawGukd qGr;f auR;zkYd &m nTeMf um;xm;ygw,f/
vjynfah usmf 3-&ufjzpfjzpf? 4-&ufjzpfjzpf wjcm;u vªrmS vJ½w dS ,f? tJ'g oHCmtwGuf oHCmqGr;f ?
vl'umawGtwGuf &nf½, G Nf yD;awmh vªwmr[kwb f ;l ? 'gayr,fv
h Ydk aqmif½uG wf hJ yk*K¾d vfawGtwGuuf vJ pm;p&m
aomufp&m jynfph OkH ;D rSjzpfr,f? olwYdk vJ oHCmhtwGuaf qmif½u G af ewJh oHCmha0,sm0pö uyd, Ü yk*K¾d vfawGyu J ;kd ?
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vJ oH;k aqmifjzpfatmifç oHCmawGvJ oH;k aqmifjzpfatmif 0w¬KuaeNyD;awmh qGr;f abmZOfawG qufuyfzYdk ñTeMf um;
&wmyJ/

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dS if 0denf;eJY
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tJ'gaMumifh 0w¬Kypön;f awGç aiGawG vª'gef;zkYd awmh 'DurñTef Mum;bl;? qGr;f uyfwmuyJ tjypfuif;w,f/

qGr;f ruyfvbJ J 'DtzGUJ u wm0ef,Nl yD; uyfaeMuwm jzpfvYdk jzpfawmh jzpfygw,f? oHCmudk &nf½, G Nf yD;
vªw0hJ w¬Kypön;f awGukd oHCmoH;k aqmif zdYk twGuf toH;k ûyrS ae&musrSm? 'gaMumifh oHCmtwGuf qGr;f uyfzYdk
NyD;awmhtzGUJ rSmvJ enf;enf;wm0efayghomG ;zkYd 'Dvpdk pD OfwmyJ? qGr;f cHwhJ yk*K¾d vfawG qGr;f cHwmuvJ &awmh&ygw,f?
'gayr,fvYdk qGr;f cH½ekH YJ rjynfph b
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kH mudk tzGUJ u wm0ef,Nl yD;awmh vªae&w,f? tJ'v D dk tbufbuf
tqifajyatmif aqmif½u G Mf u&wmyJ/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 15

tzGUJ rSmvJ vªw'hJ umawGursm;vkYd jynfph o

kH ifo
h avmuf jynfph ykH gw,f? rqif;&Jygbl;? 'DuvJyJ wpfEpS f 2-
Budrçf 3-Budraf vmuf uyd, Ü awG vTNJ yD;vªwmrsm;ygw,f? arG;aeYwYdk ç ESpyf wfvnfaeYwYdk tJ'v D adk eYawGrmS vJ
awmfawmfrsm;rsm;ygyJ? 'Du vª&w,f? 'guawmh wm0efrav;ygbl;/

ta&;BuD;wmu jrwfpmG bk&m; omoemawmfrmS aewJh yk*K¾d vfqw dk m ud, k w

f wfEidk o
f rQayghav bk&m;tqH;k
trawGukd qk;H rawmfrw
l t hJ wkid ;f aumif;aumif;rGerf eG f usifzh Ydk EiS hf olrsm;awGuv kd J tultnD ay;wefay;vky&f w,f?
aqmif½u
G o
f ifw
h mawGuv kd J aqmif½u G &f w,f? ayghayghqqrae&bl;/

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tm;xkwNf yD;awmh aqmif½u G zf Ydk aqmif ½Gu&f mrSmvJbek ;f uHBuD;zkYd csnf;oabmrxm;yJ omoemawmf wk;d wufBuD;yGm;
atmif pdwaf umif; ESv;kH aumif;xm;NyD;awmh aqmif½u G Mf uzkYd vkyd gw,f/

tJ'v
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awGa&m 0gqkOd ;D vJ wpfBudrçf oDwif;uRwfvw J pfBudrf ylaZmfuefawmhaeMuwmygyJ? tif;- cPcP ylaZmfaeMuwm?
ylaZmfuefawmhwidk ;f ç ylaZmfuefawmhwidk ;f vJ xku d o
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'gaMumifh wkw
d adk jym&rSmyJ/
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usifah wmfrvl mNyD;awmht'J D usifyh u kH sifeh nf;awGukd a[mMum;xm;w,f? tJ'D usifyh u kH sifeh nf;awGtwkid ;f ,H,k kH
MunfMunfeYJ vku d ef musifBh uHtm;xkwf aer,fq, dk if aumif;usKd;awG &Ekid yf gw,f/

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vly*k K¾d vfawGtwGuf oDvw&m;ygyJ/

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Mo0g'"r®tarG 16

jrefrmjynfrSm tifrwefwkd;wufaeygw,f

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f rQ tm;xkwzf Ydk ygyJ? tm;xkwf
aumif;wJh w&m;awGygyJ? oleYJ om tm;&aevkYd vJ rjzpfao; ygbl;? ynmtwGuf 0dyóem bm0emudq k uf tm;xkwf
zkYd uvJ vkyd gao;w,f/

tJ-0dyóem qkw d muawmh bk&m; ud, k af wmfwidk f bk&m;tjzpfa&mufatmif tm;xkwcf w hJ hJ w&m;ygyJ?

Oyg'geu©Em¨ 5-yg; ½kyef mrfw&m;awGeYJ jzpfrçI ysufraI wGukd odatmiftm;xkw&f w,f? tJ'eD nf;twkid ;f tck
bke;f BuD;u a[majymñTeMf um;ay;aewmyJ? tckr[mpnfa,m*DawG[m 'Dtwkid ;f yJ tm;xkwaf eMuygw,f? 'Dw&m;udk
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jynfph akH tmif êud;êud;pm;pm; tm;xkwMf uzkYd ygyJ tm;vJxw k Mf uygw,f/

tckaetcgumv jrefrmjynfrmS w&m;tm;xkww f hJ yk*K¾d vfawG tifrwef wk;d wufaeygw,f? tifrwef

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&[ef;xJuqk, d if bke;f BuD;eJYtwl ygvmwmu wpfyg;? 'djyifua&mufNyD; tm;xkwaf ewmu wpfyg; tJ'D
3-yg;yJ½w
dS ,f? vly*k K¾d vfawG qkw d mvJ ajymyavmufatmifr½Sdbl;? 2-a,muf? 3-a,mufavmufyJ ½S[d efwyl gw,f?
bmrQrrsm;ygbl;/

tckqadk wmh w&m;tm;xkww f hJ yk*K¾d vfawG tifrwefrsm;wmyJ? vly*k K¾d vfawGomrubl; &[ef;yk*K¾d vfawGvJ
rsm;wmyJ? tifrwef tm;p&maumif;ygw,f? 'Dy*k K¾d vfawG[m omrefy*k K¾d vfawGvJ r[kwb f ;l ? tck &dyo
f mrSm
vmtm;xkwMf uwJh yk*K¾d vfawGqv dk Ydk ½,
dS if pmayusrf;*ef A[kow k ½Sw
d hJ yk*K¾d vfawGç t½G,t
f m;jzifv
h J i,fi,f½,
G ½f ,
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r[kwfyJ bkef;BuD;wkdYeJY 2-ESpaf vmuf uGmwmawGvJ ygygw,f? 'Dxuf rauGruGm tenf;i,favmuf i,fwmawGvJ
ygwmyJ? tifrwefawmfMuygw,f/

axmufyHhvSL'gef;MuwJh yk*d¾KvfawGuvJ tm;&p&myJ

êud;êud;pm;pm;vJ tm;xkwMf uygw,f? trsK;d om;awGa&mç trsK;d orD;awGa&m vma&mufNyD; tm;xkwMf uwm
trsm;BuD;ygyJ? trsKd;orD; ta&twGuu f awmh ydNk yD;rsm;ygw,f? tJ'gawG jrwfpmG bk&m; nTeMf um; qH;k rwJt
h wkid ;f
w&m;awmfukd vkv d m;NyD;awmh vma&muftm;xkwMf uwmygyJ? tJ'D yk*K¾d vfawG êud;êud;pm;pm; tm;xkwEf idk af tmifvYdk
oufqidk &f m'umç 'umrawGuvJ axmufyhH vª'gef;Muygw,f? 'DrmS Ak'o ¨ moemEk*[ ¾ tzGUJ BuD;eJY [dawoDtzGUJ
wkYd uvJ axmufyv hH 'ª gef; aeMu ygw,f/

[dawoDtzGUJ uqk&d if oHCmawmfrsm;ESihf a,m*Dtawmfrsm;rsm; aeYpOfauR;aewmyJ? tifrwef tm;&p&m

aumif;ygw,f? tm;xkww f hJ yk*K¾d vfawGuvJ aumif;aumif;tm;xkwMf uzkYd ygyJ? rdbawGuvJ ud, k w
f idk f tm;xkwf
NyD;vkYd ½S,
d if om;orD;awGukd tm;xkwzf Ydk wku d wf eG ;f ay;Muw,f/ 'Dvydk gyJ tm;xkwNf yD;wJh yk*K¾d vfawG[m tcsif;csif;
pyf&mpyf&m tm;xkw&f ef wku d w
f eG ;f ay;Muw,f? aumif;wJh tvkyu f kd 'Dvdk wku
d w
f eG ;f ay;Muwm[m aumif;ygw,f/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 17

BuD;yGm;csrf;omwJhw&m;

bk&m;tvdak wmftwkid ;f 'Dvw

dk &m;tm;xkwMf uwm[m w&m;ukd vkv d m;vkYd om tm;xkwMf uwm ygyJ?
]]"r®umarm b0H a[mwd}} "r®umarm-w&m;udk vkv d m;olonf? b0H-b0aEÅm? BuD;yGm; csr;f omonf? a[mwd-
jzpf\/

,ck rsuaf rSmuf b0rSmvJyJ tEÅ&m,fuif;wJh aumif;usK;d awGukd &wwfygw,f? use;f rma&;awGvJ
aumif;vmwwfygw,f? aemifoo H &mrSm edAmÁ efr&ao;awmifrS aumif;jrwfwhJ b0uk&d NyD; aumif;usK;d csr;f omawG
&Edik yf gw,f? tif;-aemufq;kH usvkYd ½,
dS if t&d,mr*fzv
dk u
f kd &NyD; qif;&Juif;wJh edAmÁ efudk a&mufEidk yf gw,f/
'gaMumifh bke;f BuD;u owday;ygw,f? oDvç orm"dç ynma&m jynfjh ynfph pkH jkH zpfatmif tcGi&hf wke;f rSm
tm;xkwMf uzkYd ? tck 'DrmS aewke;f 0dyóem ynmawG jynfph o kH nfxuf jynfph akH tmif êud;êud;pm;pm; tm;xkwMf uzkYd
pdwyf gvufygayghav rysif;r&d tm;xkwMf uzkYd bke;f BuD;u xyfavmif; wku
d w
f eG ;f ygw,f? owday;ygw,f/
owday;wJt
h wkid ;f êud;pm;tm;xkwEf ikd Mf uNyD;vQif rdrw
d Ydk tvk½d t
dS yfaom avmuDç avmukw&å m aumif;usKd;
csrf;om r*Fvmtaygif;ESihf jynfph MkH uvsuf qif;&Jcyford ;f uif;Nidr;f wJh edAmÁ ef csr;f omodYk vsijf refpmG a&mufEidk f
Muygap/

om"k-om"k-om"k-/

oHCmhOykofç y0g&Pmç uxdefESifhpyfonfh

Mo0g'uxm

,aeY oHCmhOykoûf y&wJh Oykoaf eY? oHCmhOykof ûyw,fqw dk m bk&m;ynwfxm;wJh odum© yk'af wGukd
½Gwqf Ndk yD;awmh a[mjy&w,f? a[mjyNyD;awmh ynwfxm;wJh tJ't D mywfawG oefY½iS ;f &JUvm;ç pifMu,f&UJ vm; qkwd m
ar;&w,f? ]]ww¬m,o®aEÅ ykpmä rd updw ö ¬ y&do'k g¨ }} ponfjzihf ,ck ½Gwjf ywJh odum© yk'ef YJ pyfNyD;awmh tmywfrS
uif;pifMu&JUvm; qkw d m ar;&w,f? ar;awmh tmywfoifah evkYd ½, dS ifvJ tJ'g 0efc&H rSmy? tmywfrS pifMu,f,ifvJ
'Dtwkid ;f qdwq f wd af e&w,f? tJ'aD wmhrS ]]y&doak '¨wm¬ ,o®aEÅm wo®m wkP0DS {0 arwH "m&,mrd}}vkYd bmrS
rajymbJ qdwq f wd af ewJt
h cg tmywfrS pifMu,fw,fqNdk yD; todtrSwf ûyoGm;w,f/

,ck y0g&PmûywJt h cgusawmh y0g&Pmqkw d m[m yefMum;zdwrf EÅuûywmygyJ? ]]oHCH baEÅ y0ga&rd}}
qkNd yD; oHCmudk zdwMf um;ygw,f/ 'da|e0gç okawe0gç y&douFm,0g}} ud, k wf idk jf rifvYdk jzpfapç Mum;vkYd jzpfapç
,Hrk mS ;oHo,½Sv d Ydk jzpfap ]]0'EÅKrH}} wynfah wmfukd ajymMuygvkYd zdwMf um;wmygyJ? 'Dvdk ajymwJt h cgrSmvJ ]]tEkurHÜ
Oyg'g,}} rvkv d m;vkYd ç rke;f vkYd r[kwb f J oem;aomtm;jzifh jrif,ifjrifovkçd Mum;,if Mum;ovkçd
,Hrk mS ;½S,
d if½o
dS vkd ajymMum;ygqkNd yD; awmif;yefzw d Mf um;wmygyJ? ]]yóaEÅm}} oHCmujrifvYdk ç Mum;vkYd
,Hrk mS ;oHo,½Sv d Ydk ajymwJt h cg tjypfjrifvYdk ½,
dS if ]]y#du&domrd}} tJ'tD jypfukd ajyaysmufatmif ukpm;ygr,fvYdk 0efcH
pum;ygyJ? tJ'gudk y0g&Pmûyw,fvYdk qkyd gw,f/

oifw h hJ tmywfuakd wmh ud, k wf idk o

f v
d Ydk ½,
dS ifvJ ud, k w
f idk u
f pk m;zkYd ud,
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olwpfyg;wkYd u jrifvYdkjzpfapç Mum;vkYd jzpfap ajymMum;vkYd ½, dS ifvJ a'oemuHeYJ ukpm;&r,fh tmywfq, dk if a'oem
ajymMum;zkYd ç edó*d¾ tmywfq, dk ifvJ pGeYf &r,fh 0w¬KpGeYf NyD; a'oemajymMum;zkYd 'djyif tmywfawGrmS vJ 'Dvydk J oifrh eS ;f
odwt hJ mywfukd 0denf;uHEiS thf nD aysmufatmif ukpm;&rSmygyJ? tjypfr½Sad tmif aexkid o f mG ;zkYd u ta&;BuD; ygw,f/

y0g&PmûywJt h xJrmS 'kw, d rdçÜ wwd,rdÜ qdw k t

hJ cgusawmh baEÅy'k u f uyfNyD;ygaeygw,f? ]]'kw, d rdÜ
oHCH baEÅ}} vkYd qvdk J tjypfawmhr½Syd gbl;? 'gayr,fv h Ydk q|rl&if;eJYawmh rudu k yf gbl;? q|rluawmh ]]'kw, d rdÜ baEÅ
oHCçH wwd,rdÜ baEÅ oHC}H }vkYd 'Dvq dk rdk S udu
k w
f ,f? wwd,rdÜ tm0kaom oHCH y0ga&rd}} ponfqzdk Ydk ygyJ? Espfck
pvH;k rSm;aew,fvYdk awmh rqkEd idk yf gbl;? 'gayr,fvYdk ygVdusrf;*ef&if;awGrmS awmh ygVdtoH;k tEIe;f twkid ;f ]]'kw, d rdÜ
baEÅç 'kw, d rdÜ tm0kaom}} ponfjzifh tmvkyyf 'k q f &dk if yk'f wpfy'k f wpfy'k af emufrmS xm;avh½ydS gw,f? tJ'gav;
awGuv kd J tckowdûyxm;Mu zkYd ayghav/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 18

tck'rD mS y0g&PmûywJh yk*K¾d vfawG wpfcsKdU 0g 20-ausm?f wpfcsKUd 30-ausmf? 40-ausmfawmif ½Sad eygNyD?
y0g&Pmudk wpfEpS w f pfBudrf wpfBudrf ûyvmcJMh uwmyJ? tJ'D pmawG b,fusr;f xJrmS ygw,fqw dk m Munfxh m;Muaygh?
pmMunfEh idk w
f hJ t½G,af wGy?J wpfusrf;xJr[kwyf gbl;? r[m0g ygVdawmfeYJ t|uxmrSmvJ ½Syd gw,f? ck'o ´ u
d m©
t|uxm tJ'rD mS vJ ½Syd gw,f? b,frmS ½S½d adS ygh? ud, k af wGUzl;wJh ae&mrSm MunfNh yD;awmh avhvmxm;,if
aumif;ygw,f? 'gudu k 'Dutjypfukd ajymcsifvYdk r[kwyf gbl;? pmayeJY nDnw G ,
f if ykNd yD;aumif;w,fqw dk m
xif½mS ;atmifvYdk ajymwmyg 'Dy0g &Pmudpu ö awmh 'Davmufq, dk if awmfygNyD/

wdpD0&dufaqmif yk*d¾KvfawGtwGuf cGifhjyKxm;aom

vjynfah usmf 2-&ufaeYq&dk if uxdecf if;rSm uxdeu f kd jrwfpmG bk&m;cGiûhf ywmu ouFe;f awG bmawGukd
t"d|mefwifNyD;awmh oH;k aewJh yk*K¾d vfawGukd &nf½, G Nf yD; cGiûhf yawmfrx l m;wm jzpfygw,f? ,cktcg umvrSmawmh
wdp0D &duf t"d|mefwifNyD; wd00D &dwf aqmifwhJ yk*K¾d vfuenf;ygw,f? enf;enf;yg;yg;awmhvJ ½Syd gw,f/

uxdecf iG ûhf y&wJh taMumif;&if;udk Munfrh ,fq&dk if wdp0D &d u d af qmif yk*K¾d vfawGukd taMumif; ûyNyD; cGiûhf y
xm;wmjzpfygw,f? wdp0D &uft"d|mef rwifbJ 0wf½akH ewJh yk*K¾d vfawGq, dk ifawmh ouFe;f twGuf bmrS0ef
av;p&m½Srd bl;?uxdeaf jrmufajrmuf rajrmufajrmuf bmrSta&;rBuD;bl;? uxderf cif; vkYd vb J mrS aMumifMh u p&m
r½Sb
d ;l ?b,fuykd o
J mG ;oGm; tydok uFe;f udk xm;ypfcNhJ yD; ayghayghyg;yg;oGm;Ekid f Muygw,f/

tJ'D yxruxdecf iG ûhf ywke;f u bk&m;xHa&mufvmMuwJh yk*K¾d vfawGuawmh olwYdku wdp0D &duf t"d|mefwif
xm;MuwmjzpfvYdk tJ'o D uFe;f awGudk wjcm;rSmxm;cJv h Ydk rjzpfb;l ? ud, k ef YJ ruGm ,laqmif vmcJMh u&w,f? omauw
jynfrS jrwfpmG bk&m;½S&d m om0wdj¬ ynfoYkd vmcJMh u&wmvJ ckEpS , f Zl emawmif a0;w,fvYdkqw dk ,f? vrf;c&D; tMum;
rSmvJ rk;d awGrNd yD; ygvmwJh ouFe;f awGpçdk ½TUH awGvJ eif;vmcJMh u &wmjzpfawmh tifrwef yifyef;vm MuwmjzpfvYdk
'Dvdk qif;&JawGukd jrifawmfrNl yD; tJ'D wdp0D &dwf aqmifwhJ &[ef;awGukd taMumif;ûyum uxdecf if;zkYd cGiûhf yawmf
rlcw
hJ myJ/

tcef;awGrsm;wm tusKd;r½Sdygbl;

wdp0D &duw f hJ tJ'D wdp0D &duq

f w
dk muawmh oif;ydik &f ,fç {uoD&,fç ouFe;f BuD;&,f tJ'gawGukd csKyfwhJ
tcgrSm 5-cef;yJjzpfjzpfç 5-cef;xufrsm;vkYd ½,dS if 7-cef;yJjzpfjzpfç 9-cef;yJjzpfjzpfç 11-cef;yJjzpfjzpf csKyfEikd yf gw,f?
pmxJrmS tJ'v
D ydk gaewmyJ/

'geJYpyfvYdk armfvûrdif OD;Mobmou pmwpftyk pf aD y;zl;ygw,f? OD;okZmweJY OD;oH0&wkYd uv kd J wpftyk pf D

ay;cJah o;w,f? tJ olUpmtkyx f rJ mS 0denf;tqH;k tjzwfawGvJ ygygw,f? olu uxdecf if;wJh ouFe;f
qk,d iftrsm;qH;k 11-cef;½Sw d hJ ouFe;f jzifo h mcif;oifw h ,f? 'Dxuftcef;yd, k if uxderf cif;oifh bl;wJ?h 'Dvq dk x
dk m;
ygw,f? 'Dvq dk w
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dk hJ tqkyd gyJ? twdtusqH;k jzwf0yhH kH
r&ygbl;? ol[m usrf;*efA[kow k ½Sw d hJ yk*K¾d vfBuD; awG udvk J ar;wmygyJ? tJ'D usrf;*efA[kow k ½Sw
d hJ yk*K¾d vfBuD;awG
uvJ twdtusawmh rqH;k jzwfMu ygbl;? a½S;u pmwwfy*k K¾d vfBuD;awG a&;xm;cJw h mawG ½Syd gw,f? xif½mS ;wJh
yk*K¾d vfBuD;awGygyJ/

tJ'aD wmh 'DupOf;pm;Munhw

f ,f? 11-cef;xufyNkd yD;awmh uxderf cif;aumif;bl;qkdvkdY ½Sd,if 11-cef;xuf
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h xdeaf wG[m tukef ysuu f ek af wmhrmS yJ? NyD;awmh
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a&mufw,f? uxdecf if;wJh ouFe;f qkw d m t"d|mefwifaumif; &w,f? olUtxJrmS t"d|mef rwifaumif;bl; vkYd awmh
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tJ'gudk uxdecf if;xku d w
f hJ yk*K¾d vfuakd y;awmh cif;r,fyh *k K¾d vfu aeYcsif;NyD; csKyf&qk;d &wm? tJ'gtukev f ;kH
0dik ;f 0ef;ulnMD u&r,f? 'Dawmh a½S;wke;f u 11-cef;avmufq, dk if awmfawmfcsKyfMuç qk;d Mu&rSm? 5-cef;avmufq, dk if
tawmfq;kH aerSmygyJ? 'grSyjJ refjrefNyD;rSm? odYk aomfvJ t0wftxnf vku d Nf yD;awmh csKyfpyfMu&mrSmjzpfvYdk 5-ckxeJ YJ
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Mo0g'"r®tarG 19

rygbl;? 5-cef;qk, d if tvG,q f ;kH ygyJ? 11-cef;xdatmif csKyf,ifvJ NyD;r,fqdk NyD;avmufygw,f? NyD;vkYd eYJ wlygw,f?
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bl;? 'Dvadk wmh r[kwyf gbl;vkYd oluvJ ,lqygw,f/

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f m uxderf cif;aumif;bl;qkv d Ydk ½,dS if t"d|mefwifNyD;vJ roH;k aqmif aumif;bl;qkw d hJ
'Dvkdt"dyÜg,fuvJ a&mufvmrSmyJ? t"dygÜ ,fa&mufvmwJt h wkid ;f vJ tqH;k tjzwf ay;MurSmyJ? tvsifwek ;f ueJYrwlb;l ?
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tifrwefwiG f wGiuf s,af eMuwmyJ? tcef; wpf&mausmx f ad tmifawmif csyMf uw,f? trSeu f awmh tcef;awG rsm;wm
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uawmh bmrS tusKd;rrsm;ygbl;? tcef;awGrsm;awmh ½Iyw f myJ½w dS ,f/

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wifxm;MuzkYd ? rwifwwfwhJ yk*K¾d vfawG½&dS ifvJ eD;pyfwhJ yk*K¾d vfawGu ñTeMf um;ay;zkYd ayghav/

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qk,d ifawmh aexGu&f mt&yfukd vSr;f Munfvh u
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d ifawmh em&DeYJ
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kd &f r,f/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 20

ig;vtwGif; b,frSmxm;xm; xm;vkdY&w,f

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f t
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w,f? 'Dawmh yefMum;&rSmvJ rvG,b f ;l /

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uxdeftmedoifig;yg;

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tJ'Dig;yg;ygyJ/

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2/ torm'gepm& tusKd;qkw d m trnfjzifh t"d|mefwifxm;wJh

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Mo0g'"r®tarG 21

4/ ,m0'wå0& tusKd;qkw
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aom &[ef;wkYd tm;om &Ekid w
f thJ usKd;/

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apmVwifNyD; oH;k aqmifzYdkuv
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f ;l /

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Mo0g'"r®tarG 22

yk*K¾d vf[m odoifo h x

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Mo0g'"r®tarG 24

tcif;ajrmufwmawGu 17-yg;

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kd J ½kad oav;pm;Mu&ygw,f/

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w&m;awmfawGukd ½d½k adk oao av;av;pm;pm;eJY vku d ef mNyD;awmh rdrw
d Ydk &oif&h xku
d w f hJ r*fç zkv
d çf edAmÁ efukd
vsiv
f sijf refjrefeYJ &atmif êud;pm;tm;xkwEf ikd Mf uygap-
om"k-om"k-om"k-/

1343-ck? ewfawmfvjynfhaeY
Mo0g'uxma'oem

'DESpfydkNyD; Mo0g'ay;p&m taMumif;av;awG½Sdw,f

w&m;a[mp&mawG 2-&ufavmufawmh NyD;oGm;ygNyD? aemuf 1-&ufpmyJ ½Sad wmhw,f? wpfaeYwpfaeY

reufyikd ;f 4-yg;? aeYv,fyikd ;f 4-yg;? 8-yg;? ESp&f ufqadk wmh 16-yg;? eufjzef reufeJY aeY 8-yg;usefao;w,f?
w&m;a[mwJh yk*K¾d vfawG awmfawmfMunfvifjywfom;ygw,f? oyfoyf&yf&yfygyJ? toHcsUJ pufuvJ a0;ayr,fh
[ku
d aeNyD;awmh Mum;&w,f/

awmfygw,f? olwYdkw&m;awG[m pdw0f ifpm;p&m tifrwef aumif;wmyJ? eufjzefcg naeydik ;f rSm 'DuvJ
Mo0g'ay;p&m½Sw d ,f? ESppf Of ESpw f idk ;f yJ 'Dukd a&ufvmwJh a,m*Dy*k K¾d vfawGukd omoema&;qkid &f m Mo0g'ay;&w,f?
tif; ESpw f idk ;f xuf 'DEpS yf Nkd yD;awmh Mo0g'ay;&r,fh taMumif;av;awG ½Sad eygw,f? tJ'g 4-em&Dcu JG ae 5-
em&Dct
JG NyD;aygh? 4-em&DcrJG wkid rf D pDpOfwhJ yk*K¾d vfawGu w&m;a[mr,fah eYcif; tpDtpOfawG pDpOfxm;zkYd ygyJ?
nw&m;yGaJ wGeYJ ywfoufNyD; ½Iyaf xG;rukeaf tmifaygh/ Mo0g'w&m;udak wmh bke;f BuD;ausmif; atmufrmS pDpOfzYdk ygyJ?
wm0efenf;enf;av;w,f? wpfem&Dr[kww f mawmifrS tqH;k 45-rdepfavmufawmh em;&rSmyJ aumif;rSm? tJ'aD eY
usawmhrS ur®|mef;q&mawG txl;owdûyzkYd owday; a[majym&OD;r,f/

jrwfpmG bk&m; tqH;k trawmftwkid ;f ud, k w f idk vf J tm;xkwNf yD;awmh olrsm;awGuv kd yJ J a[majym ñTeMf um;
aewJh yk*K¾d vfawGqadk wmh uJ&h UJ zG,u
f if;NyD; csD;rGr;f zG,t f NrJjzpfaezkYd ta&;BuD;ygw,f? tJ'geJY ywfouf NyD;awmh
ur®|mef;q&mvkyaf ewJh yk*K¾d vfawG txl;owdûyzkYd &m eufjzefusrb S J ajymygr,f? tckrajymao; ygbl;/

t½SiftmeE´&JUtar;
jrwfpGmbk&m;&JU tajz

w&m;a[mwJah e&mrSm a[mwkid ;f ç a[mwkid ;f 0dyóemw&m;qkad wmh ta&;BuD;wJh w&m;ygyJ? eufjzefusawmh

tJ'OD pömajym&OD;r,f/

oHCmawG oky#Ü yd Eé*P

k ef YJ jynfph &kH r,fw?hJ oky#Ü yd Eé-aumif;pGm usifw h ,fqwdk mudk 0do'k rd¨ *frmS tusOf;tm;
jzifh zGijhf yxm;ygw,f? ygVdawmfrmS vJyJ t*Fw k K¬d &f wwd,tkyrf mS ½Syd gw,f? t½Sit f meE´muar;vkYd jrwfpmG bk&m;u
ajzMum;xm;um tusO;f csKyfuawmh oky#Ü yd Eé-aumif;pGm usih&f wJt h usifyh gyJ? oDvç orm"dç ynm'D 3-ckukd usif&h
r,fhtusifhygyJ/

oDvtusihf oky#Ü yd Eé*Pk ef YJ awmifrS rjynfph &kH if ae&mrusb;l ? oDvuawmh 0dyóem&JU tajccHjzpfvYdk
ta&;BuD;ygw,f? oDvucRwf,iG ;f aewwfw,f? tJ'g rcRwf,iG ;f &atmifeYJ olrsm;tjypfwifp&mr½Sad tmif oDvukd
txl;*½kpu
kd Mf urSy?J orm"dç ynmawGukd jynfph o kH ifo
h avmuf jynfph akH tmif tm;xkwMf u&w,f? tm;xkwNf yD;awmhvJ
aemufawmh tm;rxkwb f J 'Dtwkid ;f ae&if ae&mrusbl;? qufNyD; tm;xkwaf erS aumif;w,f/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 25

rdrdwkdUae&ma&mufvJ tm;xkwfzkdYyJ

tm;xkwEf idk zf Ydk ta&;BuD;w,f? y&dowf r½Svd J ud,k [

hf mud,
k wf pfyg;wnf; tm;xkwzf Ydk y?J 'Duawmh
oGm;p&m½Sv
d Ydk wpfyg;wjcm;a&mufaevJyJ ½Gww f efwmav;awG twkcd sKyfayghav ½GwNf yD;awmh arwåmvJ yGm;rsm;ç
0dyóem vJyJ a&mufwahJ e&mrSm b,fa&mufa&muf wwfEidk o f rQtm;xkw&f wmyJ/

[d-k taemufEikd if aH wG a&mufomG ;wJt h cgrSmvJyJ y&dwo

f wfawG bmawG pka0;p&m odyrf ½Svd yS gbl;? tJ'vD dk
tcgrSmvJ ud, k [f mudk wpfyg;wnf;yJ wpfcsKdUae&musawmhvJ 'DuygvmwJh yk*K¾d vfawGeYJ twlwuG bk&m;½Spcf ;dk ç
twkcd sKyfEv
S ;kH oGi;f Muç tm;xkwMf uw,f? ud, k w
f pfyg;wnf;½Sw
d hJ tcgrSmvJ ud,
k wf pfyg;wnf;yJaygh? 'Dvtdk csdef
&ovkd tm;xkw&f wmyJ? tNrJrjywfEv S ;kH oGi;f ç tm;xkwaf ewmygyJ? tJ'g txl;yJta&;BuD;ygw,f/

tJ'gawG ayghavsmhNyD;awmh aewwfw,f? tck 'DEpS yf wfvnfyal ZmfyJG vma&mufwt hJ cgrSm 'Du tavhtx
awGukd avhvmMu&w,f? avhvmNyD;awmh rdrw d Ydk ae&mjyefa&mufwt hJ cgumv 'Dvydk J ½k½d adk oao av;av;pm;pm;
tm;xkwzf Ydk ygyJ? 'DrmS naeydik ;f qk,
d if ½Gwzf wfp&mawG trsm;BuD;yJ? reufyikd ;f rSmawmh ½Gwzf wfp&m udk wynfah wmf
u rsm;rsm;ay;rxm;ygbl;? 'gu w&m;tm;xkwzf Ydk &m tcsderf sm;rsm; &atmifvYdk y?J y&dowfuvJyJ enf;enf;csif;
enf;enf;csif; ydik ;f xm;ygw,f? ygwdarmufuv dk J 'Dvydk J wpfyikd ;f csif;ç wpfyikd ;f csif; xm;wmyJ/

y&dowfuawmhjzifh rsm;aomtm;jzifh arwåmokwaf vmufygyJ? wjcm;okwaf wGukd w,fr½Gwyf gbl;?

ygwdarmufuakd wmh tukev f ;kH ½Gwaf ewmygyJ? wpfvç wpfvtBudraf ygif; 30-avmufxuf 'Dxufrenf;ydik ;f NyD;
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yk*K¾d vfawGuakd wmhowl Ydk uadk c:vkYd rjzpfb;l ?olwYdk uawmh êud;êud;pm;pm; tm;xkw&f r,f? tck 'DEpS yf wf vnfvmwJh
yk*K¾d vfawGvJ 'DrmS bk&m;½Scd ;dk vmMuzkYd aygh? ygwdarmuf ½Gww f mwkYd ç y&dw½f w
G w
f mwkYd 'gawGukd awGUêuH &awmh rdrw
d Ydk
vJyJ tJ'v D dk aqmif½u
G zf Ydk aumif;ygw,f/

NyD;awmh 0dyóemudv k J ud,

k ½f rI w
S af eustwkid ;f ½Irw
S af ezkYd aumif;ygw,f? 'Dtcsderf mS omr[kwb
f ;l ? tm;vkYd
tvkyrf ½S&d if 'djyiftcsdeaf wGrmS vJ 0dyóem½IaewmyJ aumif;ygw,f? tifrwefaumif;ygw,f? olrsm;awGukd om
a[mNyD; ud, k uf tm;rxkwb f aJ e&if vkad ewmayghav? ud, k u
f vJ tm;xkwaf erSaumif;wm/

tJ'gawGukd eufjzefusrS ajymoifah jymxku d w

f mav;awG xyfajymygOD;r,f? orm"dç ynmawG jynfph EkH idk o
f rQ
jynfph akH tmif tm;xkwjf cif;jzifh rdrw
d Ydk tvk½d t
dS yfaom avmuDç avmukw&å m r*Fvmtaygif;ESihf jynhpf MkH uygap/

om"k-om"k-om"k-/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 26

1343-ck? ewfawmfvuG,faeY
Mo0g'uxma'oem

jzpfqJw&m;½IzkdY&m jyxm;w,f

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cPav;r[kwb f ;l ? wwfEikd , f ifawmh rjywfukd ½Irw S zf Ydk y?J wpfem&Dxidk Nf yD; rSwzf Ydk&m ñTeMf um;w,f? yxr wpfem&D
avmufawmh xkid Nf yD;rSwrf S pdwu f awmfawmfuav; wnfNidrNf yD; oGm;wwfw,f? wpfem&Dxidk Nf yD;aemuf 'djyif
wpfenf;enf;eJY ½Irw S zf Ydk &myJ? pBuøavQmufNyD;awmhvJ tm;xkw½f rI w S Ef ikd wf ,f? cPwûzwfvNJS yD;awmhvJ tm;xkwEf idk f
w,f? rwfwyf&yfNyD;awmhvJ tm;xkwEf idk w f ,f? tJ'gu wpfem&Djynfjh yefawmh wpfem&Dxidk Nf yD;awmh wif;wif;&if;&if;
tm;xkwzf Ydk ygyJ/ tJ'u D sawmh wpfem&DxufyNkd yD; xkid Ef ikd of avmufvJ xkid t f m;xkwEf idk w
f myJ/

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½kyçf emrfawGukd ud, k w
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S b
f eJ YJ ud, k w f idk rf odb;l ? pmxJayxJygwJh twkid ;f rSwo f m;xm;wmu
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oleYJ twlwuGjzpfwhJ pdwçf ½kyçf emrfawG tvkv d jdk ynfph NkH yD;om;yg? 'gayr,fvYdk tJ'gud, k wf idk o
f w
d m r[kwyf gbl;?
pmxJuygwJt h wkid ;f rSwx f m;vkYd ow d m/

tckawmh 'DrmS Oyg'geu©Em¨ ½kyçf emrfawGjzpfwidk ;f jzpfwidk ;f ½Irw S af e&wmjzpfvYdk rYkd tJ'gawGukd ud,
k w
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odaewm? pmayvmudk onmeJY rw S x f m;vkYd o&d wJh todw&m;rsKd;r[kwb f ;l ? 0dyóemonmeJY odwhJ todrsKd;yJ? ½kyçf
emrf w&m;awGukd wu,fow d ,fqw dk m olwYdk jzpfqjJ zpfqüJ ½Irw S rf S wu,fow d m? pOf;pm;ae½Hek YJ wu,fow d m
r[kwyf gbl;/

wpfcsKdUpmayawG tavhtvmawGukd pmaywwfaewJh yk*K¾d vfawGu pOf;pm;½Hek YJ odw,fvYdk atmufarhaewm?

pOf;pm;½Hek YJ odwmawGuawmh onmeJY rSwo f m;NyD; odwmyJ? ud, k w
f idk t
f rSet
f ueftwkid ;f awGU&NyD; odwm
r[kwyf gbl;/

owdy|mefrmS a[mxm;wmu ]]*päaEÅm- oGm;aeqJç a0',rmaem-cHpm;aeqJ}} ponfjzifh o'´genf;t&

jzpfqw J &m;udk ½IzYdk &mjyxm;w,f? tJ'gudk Munfah omtm;jzifh jrifaeqJç Mum;aeqJç eHaeqJç pm;aeqJç awGUxdaeqJç
pdwu f ;l pOf;pm;BuHpnfaeqJç bmrqkjd zpfvQif jzpfcsif;jzpfqJ tJ'gawGukd ½Ir?S r½I,ifawmh tJ'gawGu jrifNyD;ç
Mum;NyD;,if tvkv d dk pOf;pm;wJph w
d af wGjzpfNyD;awmh ynwfawGa&mufuek w
f m pmayusr;f *eft& tm;jzifh A[kow
k ½Sw
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yk*K¾d vfawG odNyD;om;yJ/

wpfyk'f em&½kHeJY w&m;xl;&oGm;wmawG ½Sdygw,f

jrifwhJ 0Dxjd zpfwt

hJ cg jrifw0hJ x D d qH;k NyD;oGm;,if b0ifusNyD;cPwjzKwfawmh jywfomG ;w,f? NyD;awmh
jrifwmudpk Of;pm;wJh raem'Gg&0Dxd qkw d mjzpfw,f? tJ'guawmh ynwfra&mufao;bl;? olU[mjrif&wJh y&rwf
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d hJ ½kyef mrfawGukd 'Dtwkid ;f rodb;l ?
ynwfra&mufcif jzpfay:qJrmS ½Iro S w
d myJ? tJ'gawmif jrifNyD; NyD;csif; csufjcif;½IvYdk tqifajy atmif r½Ieikd f
ao;bl;? q&mñTeMf um;wJt h wkid ;f ½Irw S af evkYd rSwaf eusoGm;rS tqifajywm? yg&rDx;l wJh yk*K¾d vfawGusawmhvJ
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Mo0g'"r®tarG 27

tm;ay;wJhtaeeJYom ÓPfpOfvJ xnfhvkduf&w,f

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awmfygw,f/

OD;0dpm&qkw d muvJ oluawmh aqmif½u G Ef idk w

f ,f? oluvJ ae&mtopf½, dS if ydYk ay;zkYd avQmufxm;w,f?
topf½&dS if ydYk ay;rSmyJ? OD;okreuvJ 0g 30-w&m;a[mwwf&UJ vm;rodb;l ? a[mwwfvYdk ½S&d ifawmhvJ awmfygw,f?
'DrmS w&m;tm;xkwNf yD;awmh olrsm;udv k J tm;ay;&w,f? ud, k u
f tm;rxkwb
f eJ YJ tvum;aevkYd awmh rawmfb;l ?
Mo0g'"r®tarG 28

w&m;tm;xkwNf yD;wJh yk*K¾d vfu uk,

d wfh &m;ukd tav;tjrwfûyNyD; tm;xkwaf erSaumif;w,f? o'¨gw&m;vJ aumif;
&w,f? ud,k w
hf &m;udk tm;rxkwb f eJ YJ aevkYd ½&dS if o'¨gw&m; raumif;&ma&mufw,f? ae&mrusbl;? ud,
k w
f idk v
f J
tm;xkwf olrsm;udvk J tm;ay;&w,f/

OD;Mobmombd0o H rH½k mG ausmif;-0g;c,fruyJ? olvJ 29-0g ½SNd yD? êud;êud;pm;pm; tm;xkwaf ezkYd ta&;
BuD;ygw,f? OD;0PÖw d wJ?h w&m;awGtqifajyajy tm;xkwNf yD; olrsm;awGukd a[majymtm;ay;Edik , f if awmfao;
wmaygh? ud, k w
f idk v
f J w&m;tm;xkwEf idk o f rQ tm;xkw&f w,f? ud, k u
hf , kd w
f idk f awGUwmç odwmeJYpyfNyD;awmh olrsm;
awGuv kd J tm;ay;&w,f? OD;y@0Ho? olvJ w&m;a[mNyD; omoemûyEdik , f ifvJ aumif;wmyJ? ud, k w f idk v
f J w&m;tm;
xkwrf I rjywf,ifaumif;ygw,f? OD;ynmpm&uawmh wkYd ur®|mef;ausmif;rSm aqmif½u G af ewmawGUygw,f? 'gvJ
aumif;ygw,f? OD;0dpm&dE-´ oluvJ aqmif½u G pf &m½Swd m aqmif½u G af eygw,f? oluawmh tawmfrsm;rsm;
aqmif½u G af ewmygyJ? OD;ol&, d -oluvJ a,m*DawGudk ae&mcsxm;ay;&w,f? trsm;BuD;toH;k usygw,f? a,m*D
awGursm;awmh ajymwefwmajymç ñTew f efwm ñTeaf e&wm? 'Dvdk aqmif½u G wf hJ yk*K¾d vfawG½v dS Ydk 'Dvrdk ½S, d if 'Du
ud,k w f idk f aqmif½u G af e&rSm 'Dvadk qmif½u G af e&r,f qk, d if 0eftav;om;yJ? wwfEidk rf mS r[kwb f ;l ? 'Dvu dk pd aö wGu
ur®|mef;q&mawGukd cefYxm;vku d vJ rjzpfb;l ? olwYdkua,m*DawGukd w&m;a[m&ç w&m;jy&ç a,m*DawG
{nfo h nfawGukd vufc&H eJY rtm;Mubl;? OD;t*¾0o H BuD;uawmh BuD;½Sm;ygNyD? BuD;rS&[ef;jzpfwm? olu tckreufwYdk ç
aeYwYdk 0wfwufzYdk &mç w&m;½Irw S zf Ydk &m wH;k acgufwm olyJ r[kwv f m;? oluawmh t½G,Bf uD;ygNyD? wjcm;vJ
oGm;aevkYd rjzpfb;l ? 'Dwifae&awmhrmS yJ olUcrsm? OD;£E´u-oluawmh awmfawmf aqmif½u G Ef ikd ½f mS ygw,f?
[d[k 'kd 'D XD meawGjzpfatmif awmfawmfêud;pm;ygw,f? OD;"r®meE´-oluvJ "r®uxdu a[mp&m ajymp&m½Sd a[m&ç
ajym&ç tck bke;f BuD;armfvûrdio f mG ;wJt h cg olUudw k &m;a[mzkYd ac:oGm;&r,f? olvv J u dk cf sifwmeJY tawmfygyJ?
OD;£E´ueJY OD;"r®meE´ 2-yg; 'DupmjyefyNJG yD; wevFmaeYrmS oGm;&r,f? tpwke;f u t*FgaeYomG ;zkYd &mygyJ? tckawmh
av,mOfysHu t*FgaeYrmS r½Sb d ;l ? Ak'[ ¨ ;l aeYr½S rdS ,fw?hJ aemufusvkYd rjzpfb;l ? a½SUwk;d rS qkNd yD; wevFmaeYomG ;zkYd &m
pDpOfxm;ygw,f? OD;£E´uuvJ tckr½Sb d ;l ? ½Swd thJ csdef olUudak jymxm;vku d Mf uyg/

OD;t*¾OmPu 'Dua0,sm0pöukd aqmif½u G af ewJh yk*K¾d vfr[kwvf m;? OD;edyP

k -oluawmh "r®uxdutjzpf
aqmif½u G af ewJh yk*K¾d vf MumygNyD? rH½k mG u? OD;oD&"d r® 17-0g? 'DEpS rf S aewmxifyg&JU? 'Domoemh&yd o f mrSm
txl;aqmif½u G pf &m½S,
d ifvJ aezkYd ? 'grSr[kw, f ifvyJ J 'DrmS aewJt h cg ud, k v
f J tm;xkww f eforQ tm;xkwçf
ur®|mef;q&mawG ppfaq;ar;jref; ajymqdyk akH wG enf;,laeoifo h rQ aeNyD;awmh ud, k ahf e&mud,
k f oifah wmfwahJ e&mudk
jyefaezkYd &mygyJ? 'Du'Dvydk J tvk½d ydS gw,f/

OD;aombe-oluawmh bke;f BuD;wkYd qdwcf eG ½f mG u bke;f BuD;twGuf aqmif½u G pf &m½Sw

d mawGukd aqmif½u
G f
aewmyJ? OD;acrmeE´- olvyJ J w&m;a[mawG? bmawGaqmif½u G af ewmygyJ? 'gayr,fvYdk ola[mwJh w&m;u
tqifrajywmav;awG ygaew,f? tpwke;f uawmh tawmfom;vkYd atmufarhwm? awmfawmhawmfygw,f? 'gayr,fh
tqifrajywJh pum;vH;k awGygaew,f? ae&mrusb;l ? cs;D rGr;f p&m r[kww f mawG avQmufajymaewm? OD;ynmomrd-
aqmif½u
G pf &m½Sad e&ifvJ awmfwmaygh? 'DrmS 4-0gavmuf½adS eNyDvYdk qkw d ,f? ur®|mef;q&mrsm;eJY pyfae,ifawmh
awmfygw,f? ur®|mef;q&mawG&UJ wm0efcjH zpfaewmud;k /

OD;upöm,euawmh w&m;a[maeusygyJ? t&ifuvJ 'Duac:oGm;aeusyJav? tckawmh 'Du 2-yg;udk

ac:oGm;rSmjzpfvYdk OD;upöm,eudk rac:awmhb;l / 2-yg;qkad wmfygNyD? aemufwjcm; wpfae&moGm;wJt h cg ac:wef
ac:&rSmaygh? ykord o f mG ;wJt
h cg½Sw
d ,f? rEÅav;ç a½Tbçkd qdwcf eG -f tJ'XD me awGrmS oGm;&r,fh tcgawGv½J w
dS myJ?
ac:oifwh yhJ *k K¾d vfac:oGm;&r,f/

tif; . . . oGm;oifw h hJ XmeawGq, dk if 'Dvo

dk mG ;oGm;NyD; a[may;&rSmyJ 'Dvo dk mG ;&wm[m bk&m;omoem
wk;d wufa&;ç pnfyifa&;twGuf oGm;&rSm? roGm;vkYd rjzpfb;l ? t½Sib f &k m;wkYd vyJ J a[mwwfç ajymwwfwhJ yk*K¾d vf
awGu 'Dvo dk w
l pfyg;udv k yJ J tusKd;rsm;atmif a[majymaqmif½u G Mf uzkYd ç ud, k wf idk v
f J ud, k t
f usKd;½Sad tmif w&m;
tm;xkwMf uzkYd ygyJ? þuJo h Ykd tm;xkwjf cif;jzifh tvk½d tdS yfwhJ avmuDç avmukw&å m aumif;usKd;csrf;om r*Fvm
taygif;ESijhf ynfph MkH uygap/

om"k-om"k-om"k-/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 29

1344-ck? wefcl;vuG,faeY a[mMum;aom

Mo0g'uxma'oem

pdwfxJenf;enf;avsmhoGm;ygNyD

ygwdarmufjywJh yk*K¾d vfuvJ tcsKd;rusygbl;? w,fNyD;awmhvw dk mud;k ? 'D ygwdarmufjywJh yk*K¾d vfawGukd
ouFe;f wpfppkH v
D zª Ydk Opöm? tcktwkid ;f qk,
d ifawmh vªzYdk &m pdwx
f J enf;enf;avsmo h mG ;NyD? aemuftqifajywJh yk*K¾d vfukd
tvSnahf y;vku d ,f if aumif;ygw,f? ud, k t
hf vSnu
hf s tm;xkwx f m;ygrSaygh/

w&m;tm;xkww f hJ yk*K¾d vfawGuvJ êud;êud;pm;pm; tm;xkwMf uzkYd ygyJ? jrwfpmG bk&m; omoemawmfrmS w&m;
tm;xkw&f w,fqwdk m tifrwef taMumif;nDnw G rf o
S m tm;xkw&f wm? bk&m;vufxufu qk, d if bk&m; yGiahf wmf
rlpu omoem0ifNyD; &[ef;ûywJh yk*K¾d vfawG trsm;tm;jzifh &[EÅm jzpfwmawGrsm;w,f? &[EÅmrjzpfwhJ yk*K¾d vfawGvJ
toifhtwifhawmh ½Sdygw,f/

aemufyikd ;f usawmh tm;xkwrf aI wG-avsmyh g;NyD;awmh azmufvaJG zmufjyefawG rsm;vmMuw,f? tpydik ;f

avmuf ae&mrusawmhb;l ? tckvJ 'Dtwkid ;f ygyJ? tpydik ;f u bk&m;tqH;k trtwkid ;f ½k½d adk oao tm;xkwMf u vkYd
tifrwefaumif;wmyJ? bk&m;yGiphf u ay:vmwJh &[ef;awGvdk oDvvJaumif;ç orm"dvaJ umif;ygw,f? orm"d
ur®|mef; tm;xkwEf idk vf Ydk ½,
dS ifvJ tm;xkwzf Ydk ç NyD;awmh 0dyóem ur®|mef;tm;xkwf zkYd uvJ ta&;BuD;ygw,f/

tm;xkwfzkdYvkdygw,f

orm"djynfph ½kH ekH YJ udpu ö rNyD;ao;bl;? 0dyóemtm;xkwv f Ydk jynfph rkH rS *fç zkv
d çf edAmÁ efukd a&mufomG ;Ekid wf m?
tJovkd a&mufatmifqNdk yD; tm;xkw&f w,f? tifrwefaumif;ygw,f? oky#Ü yd Eé- aumif;aom tusifeh YJ jynfph w kH ,f
qkw
d m tJ'gaygh? oDvuvJaumif;aumif;usihzf Ydk orm"dç ynmawGvJ jynfph akH tmifç aumif;aumif;usihzf Ydk ? tJ'gawG
jynfph ,
kH ifoyk #Ü yd Eé-*kPef YJ jynfph akH wmhygyJ? tJ'gjynfph akH tmif bk&m;tqH;k trawmftwkid ;f êud;êud;pm;pm; tm;xkwNf yD;
usifMh uzkYd ygyJ/

acwåcP 'kvb ’ tjzpfeYJ ouFe;f 0wfwhJ yk*K¾d vfawGawmh aeEdik o f rQ uav; 7-&ufavmufjzpfjzpf 10-
&ufavmufjzpfjzpf? 'Dxufrsm;rsm; jzpfjzpf êud;pm;tm;xkwzf Ydk vkyd gw,f? tm;xkwNf yD;om; yk*K¾d vfawG uawmh txl;
tvGet f uJ tm;rxkwv f yJ J wwfEikd o f rQ wpfaeY em&D0ufjzpfapç wpfem&D jzpfapç ESpef m&Djzpfap tm;xkwzf Ydk ygyJ?
0denf;odum© yk'u
f v
kd J rNidrpGe;f oefY½iS ;f pifMu,fatmif usifzh Ydk uvJ ta&;BuD;ygw,f/

olwpfyg;u rdru d kd taMumif;ûyNyD; uJ&h UJ zG,rf jzpfatmifç Munfñzdk ,

G jf zpfatmif tm;xkwaf exkid &f w,f?
awmfMumawmh rdru d trSwaf y;zkYd &muvJ ½Sad o;w,f? w&m;awG MumMumodyaf [maevkYd rjzpfao;bl;? w&m;udk
êud;pm;tm;xkwzf Ydk uykd J wku
d wf eG ;f vkyd gw,f? tJ'gêud;êud;pm;pm; tm;xkwMf uzkYd ygyJ? 'Dvkd tm;xkwMf uzkYd ur®|mef;
Xmeukd a&mufaeMuwmygyJ/

tJ'D 'kvb ’ awGom r[kwb f ;l ? tNrJaea,m*D &[ef;rsm;vJyJ tm;xkwMf uzkYd ygyJ? wjcm; ausmif;uvmNyD;
tm;xkww f hJ yk*K¾d vfawGvJ ½Syd gw,f? olwYdk twGuvf J 'DrmS tifrwef tqifajyygw,f? 'umç 'umrawGuvJ
axmufyv
hH 'ª gef;aeMuwmeJY tqifajyNyD; tifrwefaumif;ygw,f/

êud;pm;NyD; tm;xkwMf uzkYd ygyJ? jrwfpmG bk&m; omoemawmfrmS rdru d ,

kd wf idk u
f aumif;aumif;rGerf eG f
usifah evkYd ½,
dS if olwpfyg;awGuv kd yJ J aumif;aumif;rGerf eG f usifzh Ydk &m ajyma[mwku d wf eG ;f Edik w
f ,f? omoemawmf
pnfyifw;dk wufjcif;\ taMumif;ç wnfwjhH cif;\ taMumif;jzpfygw,f? 'gaMumifh êud;êud;pm;pm; tm;xkwMf uzkYd &m
'DuxyfNyD; owday;wku d wf Gef;ygw,f/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 30

tawmfpHkygNyD

wcsKdUtqifrajywmav;awG pma&;yHk cRwf,iG ;f aewmav;awG enf;enf;yg;yg; ½Syd gw,f? tJ'gav;awG

rSeaf tmif [drk mS ay;xm;wJh pmtkyaf v;awGMunfNh yD;awmh xyfjyifaygh? wm0ef½w dS hJ yk*K¾d vfujyifzYdk ygyJ? tJ'gwpfcg
wnf;ajymrvkYd ? tcktawmfpykH gNyD? omoemh&yd of mrSm vmNyD;awmh w&m;tm;xkwMf uwJh yk*K¾d vfawGuvJ tusKd;½Sd
atmifeYJ taESmuft,Suf rjzpf&atmif ud, k tf m;xkww f hJ w&m;udk êud;êud;pm;pm; tm;xkwMf uzkYd ygyJ/
êud;pm; tm;xkwjf cif;jzifh rdrw d Ydk tusKd;vJ jynfph NkH yD;oGm;rSmygyJ? þuJo h Ykd êud;pm;tm;xkwjf cif;jzifh rdrw
d Ydk
tvk½d t
dS yfwhJ aumif;usKd;awG jynfjh ynfph pkH kH &½SNd yD;vQif ud,
k pf w
d Ef pS jf zm csrf;omMuygap/
om"k-om"k-om"k-/

1344-ck? uqkefvuG,faeY
Mo0g'uxma'oem

(þtcsdef þumva&mufonft h cg q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;\ usef;rma&;rSm tm;enf;vSavNyD? odYk ygvsuf

rwnf;rjzwf&ao;bJ xuf0uf cefYuseaf eao;aom tbd"r®m w&m;awmfBuD;udk ud, k w
f ikd w f nf;jzwf vsuyf if
½So
d nf? eufecJ ufco J nfü emrnfBuD;aom xkt d bd"r®ma'oemawmfBuD;udk a[mMum;&mü toHzrf;pufjzifh
zrf;,l&mwGif toHzrf;puf cRwf,iG ;f csufuvnf;yg? ½Sn;f vsm;vSaom w&m;awmfBuD;uvnf; jzpfaecJ&h m wpfzef
toHzrf;wdwaf cGrS ul;,l&müvnf; tqifrajyawmhbJ ½Iwaf xG;vsuf½&dS mrS ydí k ydí
k ½Iwaf xG;aecJo h nf? q&mawmf
bk&m;BuD;rSm wyifwyef; okwo f if wnf;jzwf&aom þudpt ö wGuf use;f rma&; jynfph v kH Qif wm0efBuD;rnf
r[kwaf omfvnf; ,ckrl wpfb0Zmwford ;f csKyfNidr;f vke;D aeNyDjzpf&um; cE¨mud, k \ f tiftm;u q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;
\ vkt d yfaom wm0efukd tjynft h 0 vku d yf g aqmif½u G Ef ikd pf rG ;f ½S[
d efrwlawmhay? xkYd aMumifh w&m;awmfBuD;twGuf
aqmif½u G &f onfukd wm0efav;aMumif; rdeYf Mum;awmfral vawmhonf)
wpfrsufESmavmufyJjyD;w,f

bmrSawmh txl;taeeJY odyaf jymp&mr½Syd gbl;? ud, k u hf sef;rma&;udyk J *½kpu

kd af e&w,f? usef;rma&;u
odytf qifrajyygbl;? wpfcsdeu f a[mxm;wJh tbd"r®mw&m;udk pmtkyt f jzpfa&mufatmif vkyaf e&w,f? tJ'rD mS
toHzrf;pufrS ul;xm;wJh vufa&;rlawG-tJ'gawGu tqifrajywmawGvJ ygw,f? a[mxm;wmuvJ us,fjyefY
vGe;f tm;BuD;vkYd avQmhoifoh rQavQmhzYdk &m tJ'gawGukd pDpOfae&wmeJY wm0efawmfawmfav;ygw,f? wpfaeYwpfaeY
pmwpfrsuEf mS avmufyJ NyD;w,f? usr;f &if;awGuv kd J jyefMunfNh yD; pDpOf&wmjzpfawmh wm0efBuD;w,f? odyt f qif
rajyygbl;? NyD;awmh use;f rma&;uvJ tqifrajybl;/

jrwfpmG bk&m; omoemawmftwGi;f rSm a&mufNyD;awmhaewJh yk*K¾d vfawG[m bk&m;tvkad wmfeYJ tnD oDvç
orm"dç ynmtusiahf wG usiahf e&wmwGif tifrwef 0rf;omp&maumif;w,f? tawmhu f kd 0rf;omp&maumif;wmyJ?
ta&;BuD;wmu oDvç orm"dç ynmtusifah wG usifzh Ydk &myJ? oDvuawmh tajccHtaeeJY ½d;k ½k;d usif&h r,f? orm"dç
ynmawGjzpfatmif txl;tm;jzifh 0dyóemw&m;ukd tm;xkwzf Ydkvydk gw,f? orm"djzpfweforQjzpfç ynm jzpfwef
orQjzpfayghav/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 31

tifrwef oem;p&maumif;w,f

tck bke;f BuD;wkYd ñTeT Mf um;wJt

h wkid ;f trsKd;orD; a,m*DawGa&m? trsKd;om;a,m*DawGa&m w&m;tm;xkwf
aeMuw,f? tJ'gawGuo k vkd af wG txl;jzpfwmyJ? &oif&h xku d w
f hJ ukov kd af wG &aewmygyJ? 'g[medAmÁ efa&mufzYdk &m
tm;xkwaf eMuwm? edAmÁ efra&mufao;vkYd ½, dS if a½S;a½S;u ukov kd af wG b,fvdk tusKd;ay;aeae tkcd sdew f ef tk&d ç
emcsed w
f ef em&ç aocsed w
f ef ao&- 'Dqif;&JawGu edAmÁ efa&mufrS uif;r,f/
avmuBuD;rSm owå0gawG½w dS ,f? tJ'gawGukd tukev f ;kH avQmufpOf;pm;vdu
k ,
f if qif;&JwhJ owå0gawG
odyrf sm;wmyJ? wd&pämefawGç yd;k aumif-yd;k rTm;awG tifrwefrsm;w,f? tJ'o D wå0gawG touf½n S rf mS vJ r[kwb
f ;l ?
'kua© wGa&mufaeMuwmyJ? awG;Munfrh ,fq, dk if tifrwef oem;p&m aumif;ygw,f/

tckvdk vljzpfNyD; jrifjh rwfwhJ b0a&mufaeayr,fvYdk tJ'o D wå0gawGvkd tkq d if;&Jç emqif;&Jç aoqif;&JawG
qkw
d muawmh b,forl rS uif;Mubl;? 'Dqif;&JawGuawmh twlw½l adS eMuwmyJ? 'Dawmh jrifjh rwfwhJ &[ef;tjzpf
a&mufaeMuwJh yk*K¾d vfawG 'Dvq dk if;&JawGu vGwaf jrmufatmif êud;êud;pm;pm; tm;xkwMf uzkYd ta&;BuD;ygw,f?
tck'rD mS awmh q&morm; ñTejf ywJt h wkid ;f ½Irw
S af e½Hyk gyJ? 'DuxyfNyD; ajymaezkYd rvkad yr,fh tm;ay;pum; avmuf
awmh ajym&wmayghav? w&m;jynfph akH tmif tm;xkwMf uzkYd ygyJ/

ay:vmwJh tm½kHav;awGudk vkduf½Iae½kHygyJ

'kvb
’ &[ef;awGvyJ J cP&oavmuf &ufuav; êud;êud;pm;pm; tm;xkwzf Ydkvydk gw,f? orm"dç Ópfynm
awG jzpfwefoavmufjzpfatmif ½k½d akd oao tm;xkwzf Ydk ygyJ? ayghayghqq qk,
d ifawmh orm"dawGç ÓPfawGu
'Davmuftcsed af v;eJY jzpfvmrSmr[kwb
f ;l /

azmif;wmç ydew f mutp ay:vmwkdif; ay:vmwkdif; tm½Hkav;awGudk ½IrSwfae½HkygyJ? tJ'Dvkd ½IrSwfvkdY

todawGaumif;vmvkYd ½, dS if ½kyef YJ emrfvJ ykid ;f jcm;odwmyJ? cPrpJ jzpfç ysufaewmawGuvkd J odwmyJ/ tedpçö 'kuç©
tewåuv kd J ud,
k yf ikd Ó
f PfeYJ xifxif½mS ;½Sm; odvmEdik yf gw,f/ tJ'v D dk odrS 0dyóemOmPftppf jzpfwm? tJ'g
bk&m;tavmif;awmf tm;xkwyf ykH gyJ? tvGeaf ocsmygw,f/

tJ'vD dk ½Iwm[m Oyg'geu©Em¨ awGukd ½IrwS af ewmygyJ? bk&m;tavmif;awmfrmS awmh rMumvSygbl;? rMumcif
twGi;f rSmyJ 0dyóemÓPfpOftwkid ;f jzpfNyD;awmh t&d,r*fÓPfç zkv d Ó
f PfawGtpOftwkid ;f wufomG ;w,f?
t&[wåzv dk af &mufNyD; wpfcPtwGi;f rSmyJ bk&m;tjzpf a&mufomG ;wmygyJ/

'Djyify*k K¾d vfawGvJ 'Dvydk gyJ? a½S;uyg&rD½cdS zhJ ;l NyD;qk,

d ifawmh vG,v
f ,
G u
f u
l el YJ yJ w&m;xl;awG &&oGm;Mu
ygw,f? jrwfpmG bk&m; vufxufu jrwfpmG bk&m;xHrS w&m;em&if;eJY bmrSrMumygbl;? w&m;emae&if;eJY bk&m;a[m
twkid ;f ay:vmorQ tm½Hu k kd ½Irw
S Nf yD;awmh tcsKdU aomwyefç tcsKdU &[EÅmtxd jzpfomG ;Mu wm awG½ydS gw,f?
tifrwef tHMop&maumif;w,f/
tcky*k K¾d vfawGrmS awmh 'Davmufawmh vG,[ f efrwlygbl;? 'gayr,fv h J jzpfcsifwt hJ csderf mS jzpfvrd rfh aygh?
êud;pm;½Irw
S zf Ydk om vkyd gw,f? tck b0wGif w&m;xl; w&m;jrwfawGukd MumMumtm;xkw&f w,fq, dk if tJ'g
[efuswmyJ? 'Dvrdk S r&ao; rjynfph akH o;bl;qk,
d ifvJ aemufb0rSm jynfph pkH &mtaMumif;jzpfEidk w
f maygh/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 32

r*Fvmtaygif;eJY jynfhpHkMuygap

Oyg'geu©Em¨ ig;yg;awG rdrw d Ydk oEÅmefrmS ½Sad ewmyJ? Oyg'geu©Em¨ qkw

d m ud,
k rhf mS ½Sad ewJh ½kyçf emrfw&m;awG
tJ'D ½kyçf emrfw&m;awG[m cPrpJ jzpfç ysufaewmyJ? olwYdk ukd pOf;pm;qifjcif½ekH YJ trSet f wkid ;f odwm r[kwb
f ;l ?
jzpfç ysufaewJh ½kyçf emrfawGukd odatmif½rI S 0dyóemÓPftppfawG jzpfwm? 0dyóemÓPftppfjzpfNyDqadk wmh
taMumif;nDñw G v
f Ydk ½,
dS if r*fÓPfç zkv
d Ó f Pfç edAmÁ eftxd a&mufomG ;Ekid w
f ,f? 'Dvdk a&mufomG ;atmif êud;pm;Mu
zkdYygyJ/

tckjzpfwhJ 'kvb
’ &[ef;awGyjJ zpfjzpfç tNrJaewJh a,m*D&[ef;awGyJ jzpfjzpf êud;pm;tm;xkwzf Ydk vkyd gw,f?
ayghayghqq raeMubJ a,m*Da[mif;awGvyJ J olrsm;udk a[majymae½Hek YJ auseyfraebJ ud, k w
f idk v
f J wwfEidk o
f rQ
qufvufNyD;awmh tm;xkwaf ezkYd yJ ta&;BuD;ygw,f/

jrwfpmG bk&m; omoemawmftwGi;f rSm&oif&h xku d w

f hJ ukov
kd w
f &m;awG&atmiftm;xkwMf uzkYd ygyJ? þuJo h Ykd
êud;pm;tm;xkwjf cif;jzifrh rd w
d Ydk tvk½d t
dS yfaom avmuDç avmukw&å m aumif;usK;d csr;f omr*Fvm taygif;ESihf jynfph kH
Muygap/

om"k-om"k-om"k-/

1344-ck? 'kwd,0gqkdvjynfhaeY
Mo0g'uxma'oem

(aus;Zl;awmf½iS f r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf þMo0g'uxma'oemudk rdeYf Mum;awmfral omaeYrS

aemufumvü þomoemawmfEiS hf þvlwYdkjynfwiG f 10-&ufcefYrQom oufawmfxif½mS ;½S&d awmhrnfjzpfonf?
þaeYrS aemuf 10-&ufoYkd a&mufNyDqv dk Qif oufawmfxif½mS ; ½Sad wmhrnfr[kw?f q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;\ pdwfç
apwoduçf pdwZå ½kyEf iS hf ur®Z½kyw f Ydk ukd ud, k af wmfwidk f ½kyo
f rd ;f í csKyfNidr;f ayawmhrnf jzpfonfukd q&mawmf
bk&m;BuD;ud, k w
f idk f odç rodudk uREkyf w f Ydk rodcMhJ uyg? trsm;olig uREfyk w f Ydk rmS rl þtaMumif;udk êudêudwifwif
rodcMhJ uyg? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; rdeYf Mum;vsu½f adS om Mo0g'uxm a'oemawmfuo kd m pdw0f ifpm; um emMum;
cH,vl sufom ½Sad ecJMh uygonf? 10-&ufrwkid rf D umvtwGi;f rSm q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf £a`E´ rysuyf if
aqmif½u G pf &m½Sad om omoema&;udprö sm;udk aqmif½u G &f if; pmtkyt f jzpfa&mufawmhrnfh tbd"r®m w&m;awmfBuD;
udk a[mw&m;rS pmtkyt f jzpfa&mufzYdk twGuf wnf;jzwfow k o
f ifNrJ okwo f ifvsuf½ydS gonf/

ed'gef;ESiwhf uG þtbd"r®mw&m;awmfBuD; wnf;jzwfow k of ifNyD; oGm;&mtcgwGif ]]omoemawmfwiG f ig\

aqmif½u G zf ,
G uf pd ö þrQom}}[k azmfxw k rf qkad omfvnf;qkb
d od uJo h Ykd þwnf;jzwfow k o
f ifrI tNyD;ü
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf b0Zmwford ;f csKyfNidr;f awmfrcl yhJ gawmhonf? þwGif uREykf w f YdkrmS ,lêuH;r& woojzifh
rnfoYkdrQ rwwfEidk f ai;rdiI f usef&pfcMhJ uygawmhonf/)

wkdufwGef;zG,f½Sdonfudk ta&;wBuD; wkdufwGef;awmfrlonf

'D0gwGi;f rSm a,m*Dta[mif;awGudk txl;ajymp&mrvkyd gbl;? tckrS a&mufvmMuwJh topfy*k K¾d vfawGom
ta&;BuD;ygw,f? 'DrmS ukov kd f txl;jzpfatmif tm;xkwMf uzkYd ta&;BuD;ygw,f? 0dyóemw&m;tm;xkww f t
hJ cgrSm
jynfph o
kH ifo
h rQ jynfph akH tmif tm;xkwMf uzkYd ygyJ? 0dyóemw&m; qdw k m jrwfpmG bk&m;omoemawmf twGi;f rSmrS
&oif&h xku d wf w
hJ &m;yg/

oDvjynfph akH tmifç orm"djynfph akH tmifç ynmjynfph akH tmif tm;xkwMf uzkYd ta&;BuD;ygw,f? 'Dtwkid ;f awmh
ayghayghaevkYd rawmfb;l ? 'DrmS w&m;tm;xkww f t
hJ cg pGr;f Edik o
f rQ êud;pm;tm;xkwzf Ydk vkyd gw,f? 0denf;odum© yk'f
awGukd ½k½d adk oao vku d ef mNyD;awmhvJ tajccHov D eJY jynfph akH tmifaygh? tajccHovD eJY jynfph NkH yDq,dk if rdrpd w
d f
MunfvifoefY½iS ;f pifMu,fNyD; orm"djzpfEidk wf ,f? orm"djzpfrv S J 0dyóem ÓPftqifq h ifh wk;d wufEikd yf gw,f/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 33

'DrmS u w&m;tm;xkww f XhJ mejzpfaeawmh w&m;udk êud;pm;NyD;tm;xkwzf YdkygyJ? pmayusr;f *efawGeYJ ppfaq;
Munfah ezkYd tcsed rf [kwyf gbl;? apmapmuvJ avhvmcJMh uNyD;om; jzpfrmS ygyJ? 'Duawmh w&m;udyk J jynfph akH tmif
tm;xkwzf Ydk wu dk w
f eG ;f &w,f?'DaeYtjyifrmS vJw&m;a[mzkYd &myifx
h m;wm½Sad o;w,f? odyNf yD;w&m;a[mzkYd vJ rvkyd gbl;?
ud,k pf m;wpfyg; a[mzkYd qNdk yD;awmh ajymxm;w,f? OD;oH0&ukd ñTeMf um;awmhvJ w&m;a[moGm;zkYd &m ½Sad ew,f?
OD;y@dwudk ñTeMf um;awmhvJ oGm;p&m½Sad ew,f? OD;okE&´ u oGm;p&mr½Sb d ;l xifw,f? r½S, d ifvJ oifah wmfovkd
MunfNh yD; a[m½Hak yghav? onfu rtm;ao;cif a[m&rSmyJ? tJ'D a[m&r,fh ae&mudk OD;okE&´ a&mufz;l ovm;
rodb;l ?'Duawmh arhuek yf gNyD? ae&mawGvJ arhemrnfawGvaJ rh? 'Duawmh enf;enf;yg;yg; tm½Hûk yzkYd &m em&D0uf
avmufawmh a[m&rSmyJ/

t½Sib
f &k m;u [drk mS wpfem&Davmufjzpfjzpfç wpfem&DcaJG vmufjzpfjzpf MunhNf yD;awmh a[myg/

'DrmS uawmh w&m;tm;rxkw&f ao;wJh yk*K¾d vfawG jynfph akH tmif tm;xkwzf Ydk ygyJ? tm;xkwzf ;l wJh a,m*D
a[mif;awG vmae,ifvJ wk;d wufatmifoifah wmfoavmuf êud;pm;NyD; tm;xkwzf Ydk vkyd gw,f? tJ't D wkid ;f om
tm;xkwzf YdkygyJ? omoemawmfwiG f jynfph o
kH ifo
h rQ jynfph o
kH mG ;vkYd ½,
dS if aemufqufvufNyD; wwfEikd o
f rQ omoemûy
oGm;zkYd ta&;BuD;ygw,f/

tm;ay;wJhtwkdif; tm;xkwfEdkifMuygap

êud;pm;NyD; tm;xkwMf uzkYd ygyJ? t½G,Bf uD;wJh yk*K¾d vfawGq, dk if omNyD;awmh ta&;BuD;ygw,f? i,f½, G wf hJ
yk*K¾d vfawGu tm;xkwv f Ydk jynfph w
kH ,fq,
dk if 0gwGi;f rSm 'DaeYzYdk rawmfb;l ? bmûyvkYd vqJ &dk if 'DrmS u y&d,wdb
å uf
uaeNyD;awmh tm;xkwpf &mr½Syd gbl;? i,f½, G wf hJ yk*K¾d vfawGu y&d,wdeå YJ jynfph akH tmif tm;xkwzf Ydk t½G,½f ydS g
ao;w,f? t½G,Bf uD;wJh yk*K¾d vfawGuawmh y&d,wdt å m;xkwzf Ydk&m w,frvG,af wmhb;l ?wwfEikd o f rQ êud;pm;
tm;xkwMf uzkYd ygyJ/

rdrw d Ydk vJ jynfph w

kH eforQ jynfph akH tmifç olrsm;twGuv f yJ J ukov
kd w
f &m;awG wk;d yGm;atmif wwfEikd o f rQ
êud;pm; tm;xkwMf uzkYd xyfrNH yD; 'Du wku d wf eG ;f ygw,f? tm;ay;ygw,f? 'Dvdk tm;ay;wku d w
f eG ;f wJh twkid ;f
tm;xkwEf ikd Mf uygap-

om"k-om"k-om"k-/

1344-ck? 'kwd,0gqkdvjynfhausmf 1-&ufaeY

Mo0g'uxma'oem

(aus;Zl;½Sif r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;rSm þMo0g'ay;NyD;onfh aeYrS aemufq&dk if ud;k (9) &ufrQom

þb0twGuf oufawmft<uif; ½Sdawmhonf? pw k d ur®Z½kyf csKyf&awmhrnfrmS tifrwef eD;uyfvsuf ½Sad eavNyD?
omoemawmfwiG f q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;\ wynfw h yef; &[ef;ç ½Siv f çl jynfowl Ydk twGuf tm;xm;&m jrif;rd&k f
awmifBuD; ûydawmhrnfq h q
J J uJo
h Ykd tm;xm;&mrJh vke;D aeNyDukd uREfyk w
f Ydk rodao;bJ trSwrf yhJ if ½Sad eao; onf?
odYk aomf q&mawmfb&k m;\ b0t<uif;rSmrlum; tvGeYf tvGef eD;uyfvaS vNyD? uREyfk w f Ydktm;vH;k rMumrDrmS yif
,lêuHr& jzpfMu&awmhrnfh tcsderf mS vnf; tvGeYf tvGef eD;uyfvaS vNyDwum;/)
Mo0g'"r®tarG 34

oDvjynfhpHk½kHeJY rNyD;ao;bl;

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rNyD;ao;bl;? w&m;udv k J tm;xkw&f ao;w,f? w&m;tm;xkwNf yD;wJh yk*K¾d vfawGvyJ J tusKd;½Sad tmif aqmif½u
G o
f ifh
orQudk aqmif½u G Mf uzkYd ygyJ? wwfEidk o
f rQ w&m;ukd vTwrf xm;bJ tm;xkw&f w,f? w&m;tm;rxkwf bJtvum;
aevkYd odyaf e&mrusb;l /
rjynfph akH o;wJh yk*K¾d vfawGq, dk if jynfph akH tmif êud;êud;pm;pm; tm;xkwrf S ayghayghqqaevkYd rawmfb;l ?
aeYa&m nygususee tm;xkwrf S ae&muswm? usef;rma&;twGuf tdy&f wJt h csde½f w
dS ,f? tdyaf ysmfwt
hJ csderf mS awmh
rvkyd gbl;? tdyaf wmhr,fq, dk if tdyrf aysmfrv
D J ½Irw S &f w,f? aysmf&mu Ed;k vmwJt h cgrSmvJ ½Irw S &f w,f? rSw&f if;
rSw&f if; tdyaf ysmo f mG ;ap&w,f? Ed;k vmwmeJY wpfûydief uf wjcm;awG;awmBuHpnfraI wG BuHpnfraerdatmif ½Irw S f
&w,f? BuHpnfpw d uf ;l rd,ifvJ BuHpnfpw d uf ;l w,fvYdk ½Irw S &f w,f? tdy&f mu Ed;k vJ azmif;wm ydew f muawmh
½Sad ewmyJ? wjcm; rSwpf &mr½S, d if tJ'aD zmif;wm ydew f mukd ½Irw
S ½f ykH gyJ? tdyaf &;r0ao;vkYd jyeftyd , f if apmae
ao;,if ½Irw S &f if;jyeftyd af ygh? êud;êud;pm;pm; tm;xkwzf Ydk ta&;BuD;ygw,f/

w&m;wu,fjynfhpHkvkdY½Sd,if

ÓPfpOfw&m;emNyD;wJh yk*K¾d vfjzpfapumrl w&m;udk qufNyD;tm;xkwNf rJ tm;xkw, f ifaumif;ygw,f?

tm;xkwv f Ydk w&m;wu,fjynfph w kH ,f qk,
d ifjzifh zkv
d 0f ifpm;ae&if ydNk yD;aumif;wmyJ? 5-rdepfjzpfjzpfç 10-rdepf
jzpfjzpfç wpfem&Djzpfjzpf 0ifpm;Ekid o
f avmufaygh? tJ'gtm;xkw&f w,f/

t½G,Bf uD;wJh yk*K¾d vfawGq, dk if jrwfpmG bk&m; omoemawmfrmS wk;d wufBuD;yGm;atmif wwfEidk o f rQ
ñTeMf um;aqmif½u G af y;zkYd vkyd gw,f/ b,frmS yJaeaeaygh? omoemawmf tusKd;rsm;atmif aqmif½u
G af y;zkYd ygyJ/

Edik if jH cm;oGm;r,fh yk*K¾d vfawG 0gqkzd Ydk ç rqkzd Ydk ç OD;y@dw b,fvdk ESv;kH oGi;f xm;ovJ (qkzd Ydk reS ;f xm; ygw,f
bk&m;) aumif;ygw,f? us&m 0gqkNd yD; ud, k o
f mG ;p&m½Sw d t
hJ cg oGm;aygh? w&m;eJYpyfNyD;awmh oGm;oifçh tm;ay;
oifw
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h jypf jzpfp&mr½Syd gbl;? tckavmavmq,fawmh ud, k ½f adS ewJh ae&mrSm0gqkzd Ydk aygh/

tckeuajymcJwh hJ wmcsDvw
d w
f Ydk ç rH½k mG wkYd -tJ olwYdk vJ tar&duefoGm;zkdY olwkdYu 2-yg; tzGUJ u aqmif½u G f
aeygw,f? tpDtpOfu odyrf NyD;ao;bl;? 'Du 0grqkcd if NyD;aumif;yg&JU? tcGi&hf wJt h cg oGm;½Hyk gyJ? tckawmh
0gqkw
d myJ aumif;ygw,f? tjypfuif;wmaygh/

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tm;xkwMf ujcif;jzifh rdrw
d Ydk tvk½d t
dS yfaom aumif;usKd;csrf;om r*Fvmtaygif;ESihf jynfph MkH uygap/

om"k-om"k-om"k-/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 35

1344-ck? yxr0gqkdvjynfhaeY
Mo0g'uxma'oem

oHCm 120-ausmf

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J m;&r,f? rdrXd me rdrjd yefrnfyh *k K¾d vfawGvJ 0gqkrd jD yef½ykH gyJ? odyt
f a&;rBuD;wJh yk*K¾d vfawGvJ
tMumBuD;aevkYd odyrf awmfygbl;? w&m;tm;xkwcf gp yk*K¾d vfawG wpf0gwGi;f vH;k aerS jynfph rkH ,fq, dk ifawmhvJ ae&
rSmaygh/
ta[mif;jzpfwhJ yk*K¾d vfuawmh w&m;a[majymNyD; omoemûyaeMuwmjzpfvYdk 'DrmS aezkYd awmfygw,f?
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d myJ aumif;ygw,f? tJ'gur®|mef;
q&mawGeYJ ydNk yD; qkid w
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vkYd tJ'vD ufcx H m;wJh yk*K¾d vfawGvJ ayghayghraebJ êud;êud;pm;pm; tm;xkwzf Ydk ta&;BuD;ygw,f? 'DrmS aeNyD;
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d hJ yk*K¾d vfqv
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f mG ;r,fq,
dk if 'guawmh tifrwef aumif; wmyJ/

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G Ef idk b
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S ;l aygh? 'DaeYawmh bmrS txl;ajymp&mr½Syd gbl;? awmfygNyD? tazsmfuyfp&m½Sw d muyfMuaygh/

1344-ck? yxr0gqkdvuG,faeY
Mo0g'uxma'oem

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usifBh uHtm;xkwzf Ydk ta&;BuD;ygw,f? 0denf;odum© yk'af wGukd ½k½d akd oao av;av;pm;pm; tm;xkwNf yD;aeMuzkYd vkyd g
w,f/

raeYnu ajymMum;wke;f u 'DrmS wpfyg;wav ½Srd vm;awmh rajymwwfb;l ? ouFe;f awG vl0wfawGvdk
csKyfxm;NyD; tJ'D t0wftxnfBuD;awGukd 0wf½akH ewm½Sw
d ,fvYdk qw
dk ,f? tJ'g rawmfwhJ OpömyJ/

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awGukd vl0wfv0dk wfNyD;awmh aeMuw,f? tJ'g0denf;odum© yk'af wmfeYJ rnDb;l ? omoemawmfrmS aevkYd ½,
dS if 0denf;
odum© yk'af wmfeYJ nDatmifawmh aeygrSaygh/

'Djyif[mawGvJ ½Sad o;w,f? pma&;ç aomufa&;rSpNyD;awmh tukev f ;kH yJ? jrwfpmG bk&m; qH;k rñTeMf um;xm;wJh
twkid ;f usifBh uHtm;xkwaf eMuzkYd vkyd gw,f? *kP d ;f *PawGrmS vJyJ wcsKdU *dP
k ;f *PawGrmS rdrw d Ydk q&morm;awGu
qH;k rrI r½Sw d meJY ayghavsmhaewmawGv½J w
dS ,f? tJ'g ae&mrusbl;? ud, k q hf &morm; r[kwaf yr,fvYdk wjcm;
yk*K¾d vfawGu 0denf; odum© yk'ef YJ pyfNyD;ajyma[mwJh tcgumvrSm ½k½d adk oaoemMum;NyD; vku d ef m usifBh uHMuzkYd
aumif;ygw,f? ud, k q
hf &morm;enf;r[kwaf yr,fvYdk 0denf;odum© yk'af wmfeYJ nDnw G w
f ehJ nf;qk,
d if vku d ef musiBhf uH
aexkid zf Ydk ygyJ/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 36

jynfhjynfhpHkpHktm;xkwfrS ae&musr,f

w&m;tm;xkwaf ewJh yk*K¾d vfawG[m w&m;xl;&atmif tm;xkwMf u&w,f? 0gwGi;f rSm tm;xkww f mawGvJ
½Sw
d ,f? 0gyrSm tm;xkww f mawGvJ ½Sw d ,f? 0gyrSmawmh us,fus,f0ef;0ef; tm;xkwv f Ydk &ygw,f? tm;xkwf
vkYd ½,
dS ifawmh enf;enf;Muyfwmaygh? tJ'u D mvrSmqk, d if oefYoefY½iS ;f ½Si;f eJY aexkid zf Ydk ydNk yD;ta&;BuD;w,f? tJ'rD mS
y&dowfawG odyrf sm;ae,if wm0ef½w dS maygh? 0gyrSmawmh topfawGw;dk NyD; y&dowfawG odyrf sm;aeayr,fvYdk jyefvdk
wJh tcsed rf mS vGwv
f w
G v
f yfvyf jyefEikd Mf uw,f? 'gaMumifh odyNf yD;awmh wm0efr½Sb d ;l /

0gwGi;f rSmqk,
d if 0denf;odum© yk'af wmfeYJ tnD aexdik zf Ydk ta&;BuD;ygw,f? wcsKdU 'kvb ’ awGu cPwjzKwf
aeNyD; jyefxu
G rf ,fq, dk if odyaf e&m rusb;l ? 'kvb ’ awGa&mç 0gi,fwhJ yk*K¾d vfawGa&m ususee w&m;jynfph akH tmif
tm;xkwrf S ae&musw,f? 0denf;odum© yk'u f v
kd J ½d½k adk oao av;av;pm;pm; ½SMd urSy/J

Mo0g'ay;aewJh q&mawmfawGuvJ rdrw d Ydk Mo0g'ay;aewJh yk*K¾d vfawGukd aoaocsmcsm pdppfNyD;

tqifajyatmif Mo0g'ay;MuzkYd ygyJ? tqifajyatmif ñTeMf um;ay;wm aumif;ygw,f? 'Duawmh b,fob l ,f0g
&,fvYdk rodygbl;? awGUvJrawGUygbl;? awGUp&mvJ rvkyd gbl;? 'Du q&morm;awG xH;k pHtwkid ;f ½d½k adk oao vku d ef m
zkYd ygyJ? 'Dae&mwGif r[kwyf gbl;? 'Du usifo
h mG ;NyD;vkYd ½,dS if aemufvJ tNrJwrf; usifo
h mG ;zkYd ta&;BuD;ygw,f/

MunfñkdzG,fvJ jzpfygw,f

jrwfpmG bk&m; omoemawmfrmS &[ef;tjzpfeYJ aeorQ umvywfv;kH bk&m;tqH;k trtwkid ;f ½k½d adk oao
usifrh aS ygh? 'grS tjypfuif;NyD;awmh ukov
kd w
f &m;awG jzpfymG ;rSmyJ? ukov kd &f atmif tm;xkwaf ew,f qk,d if ukov dk f
&onfxuf&wmyJ aumif;ygw,f? 'Dawmh 0denf;odum© yk'u f v kd J ½kad ozkYd ç 0dyóemw&m;udv
k J êud;pm;NyD;awmh
½Irw
S yf mG ;rsm;tm;xkwMf uzkYd aygh/

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wpfcgwpf&aH vmuf yef;uefjym;eJY pm;wmawmh odyu f pd rö ½Syd gbl;? 'gayr,fvYdk tNrJwrf; ud, k [
hf mudk aevkYd ½,
dS if
oydwef YJ pm;wmyJ aumif;ygw,f? 'umç 'umrawGu oHCmudk vª'gef;wJh ae&mawG bmawGrmS us,ifvJ ouFe;f ½Hk
NyD;awmh qGr;f pm;ausmif;rSm pm;MuzkYd ukd ajymxm;&w,f? cPwûzwf ouFe;f 0wfwhJ yk*K¾d vfawGuakd wmh ouFe;f
r0wfwhJ yk*K¾d vfuakd wmh ouFe;f r½Ho k ifah wmfovkd MunfNh yD; cGiv hf w
T zf Ydk tvsifuwnf;u ajymxm;cJyh gw,f? oHCmudk
vª'gef;wJt h cg oHCmudk qGr;f uyfwhJ tcgumvrSm oHCmu ouFe;f ½HNk yD; tvªcw H m 'umç 'umrwkYd Munfñzkd , G f
jzpfwmayghav? tJ'v D dk tcgrsKd;rSm ouFe;f ½Hw k myJ aumif;ygw,f/
0denf;odum© yk'af wmfudk av;av;pm;pm; ½k½d adk oao aeMuxkid Mf uzkYd ç w&m;tm;xkwwf hJ Xmejzpfwt hJ wkid ;f
'DrmS aewJt
h cg w&m;udk tNrJrjywf tm;xkwMf uzkYd ç aemifvJ taMumif;nDnw G o
f vkd qufNyD; tm;xkwMf uzkYd ygyJ/

aemuftaMumif;nDnw G v
f Ydk ½,
dS ifvJ 0gqko d uFe;f taMumif;udk ajym&OD;r,f? jrwfpmG bk&m; omoemawmfrmS
ukovkd w
f &m;yGm;rsm;atmif aexkid t f m;xkwjf cif;jzifh tvk½d tdS yfaom avmuDç avmukw&å m aumif;usKd;csrf;om
r*Fvmtaygif;eJYjynfph ykH gap/

om"k-om"k-om"k-/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 37

'kw,
d ykid ;f
earm Mo0g'"r®a'ouó Ak'ó
¨ b*0awm
tmp&d, r[mpnf ax&ó p/

1342-ck? awmfovif;vuG,faeY
oHCmhOykofjyK&m Mo0g'uxm

tif;-0guRwfcgeD;NyD? 'DaeY awmfovif;vuG,af eY? oDwif;uRwfvqef; (15)&ufq&dk if 0guRwfawmhrmS ?

'DEpS f w&m;tm;xkwMf uwJh yk*K¾d vfawG[m &[ef;awmfawGuvJrsm;ç trsKd;om;a,m*DawGvrJ sm;ç trsKd;orD; a,m*D
awGvrJ sm; trsKd;orD; a,m*DawGuawmh cgwkid ;f xufawmif rsm;ao;w,f? olwYdkuawmh w&mYav;ig; ajcmufq,f
tNrJvv kd kd ½Sad ewmygyJ? wpfae&m wpfXmewnf;rSm rsm;aevkYd omyJ? wjcm; XmeawGrmS vJ 'Dvo dk m rsm;r,fq,
dk if
awmh awmfawmfae&musrmS ? tckawmh 'Dwpfae&mwnf;yJ rsm;w,f? &efuek rf mS &dyo f mawG tawmf rsm;rsm;½Sd aewm
?'Djyifae&mawGrmS awmh 'Davmufrwk;d wufMuao;bl;/csrf;ajrh&yd o
f mrSmawmhtawmftwifh ½Syd g w,f/

jrwfpmG bk&m; omoemawmfEiS hf awGUêuHaewJth cgumvrSm &oif&h xku

d wf hJ w&m;xl;ud&k atmif tm;xkwzf Ydk
&m[m ta&;BuD;ygw,f? aoaocsmcsm pOf;pm;Munf, h if tifrwef ta&;BuD;wmyJ? b0awGwpfb0NyD; wpfb0
xyfcgxyfcg jzpfaewJth xJrmS tckvdk vlUb0eJY bk&m;omoemawmfudk awGUêuH&wJh b0u odyrf sm;wm r[kwb f ;l ?
enf;w,f/

ukov kd u f uH tusKd;ay;vkYd ewfawGç jA[®mawG jzpfaeMuwmvJ½ydS gw,f? 'Djyif tukov kd u

f aH Mumifh i&Jom;
wkYd ç wd&pämefwYdkç jydwmå wkYd jzpfaeMuwmawGvJ ½Sw
d ,f? vlUb0rSm jzpfaewmu enf;w,f? vlUb0rSm jzpfjyef awmhvJ
bk&m;omoemawmfeYJ eD;pyft;kH ygrS? bk&m;omoemawmfEiS hf eD;pyfrçI reD;pyfru I vJ ESprf sKd;½Sad eygw,f? eD;pyf vkYd
bk&m;omoemawmf twGi;f a&mufaewJh tcgumvrSm ususee w&m;tm;xkwzf Ydk&m xGe;f um;wJh XmerSm vljzpf NyD;
aeMuw,f? bk&m; w&m;awmfawGudk Mum;&ç em& w&m;tm;xkwMf u&wm[m tifrwefaumif;wmyJ/

wcsKUd yk*K¾d vfawGu 'Du owdy|mefenf;eJY tm;xkwMf uwmukd oabmrusMubl;? olwYdkeYJ ow

l Ydk oabmusNyD;
tm;xkww f mawGv½J ydS gw,f? wpfrsKd;enf;eJYoabmusNyD;olwYdk enf;eJY olwYdk tm;xkwMf u,ifvyJ J aumif;oifh
oavmufawmh aumif;rSmygyJ? bmrS tm;rxkwyf aJ ewmuawmh [efrusygbl;? tm;xkwzf Ydk &mvkyd gw,f? tck 'DrmS
vmNyD; apwemaumif;aumif;eJY tm;xkwaf eMuwm[m tifrwef tqifajyygw,f? avmukw&å m tusK;d pD;yGm; udk
tqifajywke;f rSm tm;xkwNf yD; ,lMuzkYd ygyJ/

w&m;udkarhxm;&rSm r[kwfbl;

0guRwfcgeD; aemufow D if;uRwfvqef; (7)&ufaeYq, dk if ÓPfpOfemoifw h hJ yk*K¾d vfawG emMu&r,f?

0gwGi;f aewJh yk*K¾d vfawG ÓPfpOfemEdik zf Ydk &m ta&;BuD;ygw,f? ÓPfpOfw&m;emNyD;awmh 0guRwfwt hJ cg ud,
k ahf e&m
ud,k jf yef½ykH gyJ? ud, k af e&mud,
k f jyefa&mufwt hJ cg wwfEikd v
f Ydk ½, dS if wwfEidk of vkd a[majymay;aygh? rwwfEikd f
vkYd ½,
dS ifvJ ud, k b
hf momud, k af wmh tm;xkwaf ezkYd ygyJ? w&m;vkv d m;wJh yk*K¾d vf[m w&m;udk ypfxm;rSm r[kwb f ;l ?
olrsm;udk ra[mEdik f rajymEkid , f ifawmifrS ud,k [
hf mud, k f av;av; pm;pm;eJY tm;xkwzf Ydk &m ta&;BuD; ygw,f/

ususee jynfjh ynfph pkH wkH &m;udk tm;xkwvf Ydk ½&dS ifood ifo
h x
d u
dk w
f mawG tukev f ;kH odEikd w
f mjzpfvYdk tifrwef
ae&musygw,f? ck 0gwGi;f rSm tm;xkwMf uwJh t½Sib f &k m;awGrmS vJ tm;xkw&f wJh tcsdeaf wG awmfawmfrsm;ygw,f?
jynfph o
kH ifo
h avmuf jynhpf MkH urSmyJ? [dk oDwif;u ÓPfpOfw&m;em&wJh yk*K¾d vfawG awmfawmfrsm;ygw,f? tJ'v D ydk J
'DwpfcgvJ awmfawmfrsm;rSmygyJ? tJ'v D dk ÓPfpOfemNyD;wJt h cgvJ ayghayghaeoGm;zkYd r[kwyf gbl;? tcsde&f oavmuf
qufvuftm;xkwo f mG ;zkYd ygyJ/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 38

tNrJwrf;ESvHk;oGif;&r,fwJh

tif;-&[ef;rsm; tNrJEv S ;kH oGi;f &r,fh yAÁZw Æd tbdPmS okww f &m;q,fy'k u

f dk awmfawmfqu D wpfcg
ajymNyD;cJNh yD? yAÁZaÆd we tbdPHS ypöa0udw © AH-Á &[ef;[m tNrJEv
S ;kH oGi;f &r,fw?hJ tJ'g ESv;kH oGi;f r,fw
h &m; q,fyg;
xJrmS -

]]twd¬ Ek acg ar Owå&rd Ekó"ar®m tvr&d,OmP'óe-

0daoaom t"d*awm}}wJ/h

tJ't D csufvJ ygygw,f? 'gu ta&;BuD;ygw,f? q,fy'k x f u

J aemufq;kH qifjcifEv S ;kH oGi;f zkYd a[mMum;
xm;wJh tcsufygyJ? ]]twd¬ Ek acgar Owå&rd Ekó"ar®m-}}ightm; Owå&rd Ekó"r®qw dk hJ psmefç r*fç zkv d w
f &m; ½So d vm;
qkwd m?tbdPyHS pöa0udw © AHÁ-tNrJEvS ;kH oGi;f &r,fw?hJ Owå&rd Ekó"r®qw
dk m]]tvr&d,OmP'óe0daoo}} udavom
udzk sufq;D jcif;ü pGr;f Edik af om pifMu,fwhJ OmPftxl;-wJ?h tJ'OD mPftjrif uvJ rsufped YJ jrifovkd aoao csmcsm
odjrifEikd w
f ÓhJ PfygyJ/

NyD;awmh ]]twd¬ Ekacg ar t"d*awm}} ighr,f? tJ'w D &m;ç tJ'OD mPfukd &ovm;vkYd vJ tNrJEvS ;kH oGi;f
qifjcif&r,f-wJ?h enf;rSeçf vrf;rSeef YJ rjywftm;xkwaf evkYd ½S, d if tJ'Ó
D Pftjriftxl;eJY wuG Owå&rd Ekó"r®qw kd hJ
psmefç r*fç zkv
d w
f &m;udk &Edik yf gw,f? wu,f&NyD qkv d Ydk ½&dS ifvJ ud,
k rhf mS 'Dw&m;awG ½Sd r½Sd wu,foEd idk w
f myJ?
'DÓPfç 'Dw&m;awGr&ao;vkYd ½, dS ifvJ &atmif ½Sad tmif tm;xkwzf Ydk vydk gw,f/

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'Dw&m;xl;awGukd &atmif tm;xkwzf Ydk wku d w f eG ;f NyD; owday;vkyd gw,f? oDveJY jynfph ½kH akH vmufaexkid Nf yD tm;&
aer,fqv dk Ydk ½,
dS if oHo&mxJrmS aumif;usKd;&wefoavmufawmh &rSmayghav? 'gayr,fh 'DavmufeYJ tm;&ae
vkYd awmhqif;&Jruif;ao;yg;bl;? qif;&Juif;atmif tm;xkwzf Ydk u tifrwef ta&;BuD;ygw,f/

]]edAmÁ ef&ygvk\d }}vkYd qkawmif;½Hak wmif;xm;vkYd uawmh tm;rxkw, f if edAmÁ efudk r&Ekid yf gbl;? ,ckb0vkd
aerSmygyJ? ,ckb0vJ a½S;b0u qkawmif;cJv h Ydk qkawmif;cJw
h hJ ukov kd ½f vdS Ydk r*fç zkv
d çf edAmÁ ef&edik w
f hJ vlUb0udk
a&mufaewm? bk&m;omomemeJY awGUaewm? 'gayr,fvYdk tm;rxkww f hJ yk*K¾d vfawGawmh r*fç zkv d çf edAmÁ efukd
r&ygbl;? ukov kd u
f u
H awmh r*fç zkv
d çf edAmÁ ef&atmif tm;xkwzf Yk &d m ydYk aewmygyJ? tJ'g ta&;BuD;ygw,f/

w&m;awG&atmifqNdk yD; tm;xkwMf uwmyJ? taMumif;rnDnw

G v
f Ydk r&vJ aemiftcgumv&zkYd &m taMumif;
taxmuftyHah wmh jzpfygw,f?,ckb0rSmr&vJaemufb0rSm csr;f csr;f omomeJYv, G v
f ,
G u
f u
l l &jcif;\ taMumif;
jzpfEikd yf gw,f? êud;êud;pm;pm; tm;xkwzf Ydk &mom vkw
d mygyJ/

tJ'gaMumifh ,ck 'D&yd o

f mrSmvJ êud;êud;pm;pm; tm;xkwo f mG ;MuzkYd ? rdrw
d Ydkae&m jyefa&mufvmwJt h cgrSmvJ
w&m;udk arhrxm;bJqufNyD;êud;êud;pm;pm; tm;xkwMf uzkYd ? rjynfph akH o;vJ jynfph akH tmif? jynfph NkH yD;vJ wk;d wufatmif
ayghav tm;xkwMf uzkYd ygyJ/

&[ef;usifh0wfawGvJ jynfhpHkap&w,f

&[ef;usif0h wfawGuv kd J jynfjh ynfph pkH u

kH sifzh Ydk ta&;BuD;ygw,f?tJ'gawGuv kd J av;av;pm;pm; usifzh Ydk vwdk m
ygyJ? ]]y&dr@vH ed0gaoómrDwd odum© u&PD,m? y&dr@vH yg½kyó d mrDwd odum© u&PD,m}}qkw d hJ aocd,
odum© yk'af wG'gawGuvkd aJ yghayghqqusifv h Ydk ravsmfb;l / 0wfw½hJ w kH t
hJ cg t0ef;nDpmG 0wf½jkH cif;qkw
d m olvtJ a&;BuD;
wmyJ? tJ'gawG 0denf;qH;k rMo0g'xJrmS a&;xm;ygw,f? 'gayr,fvYdk 'gawGukd jynfjh ynfph pkH kH ñTeMf um;zkYd enf;enf;
vkad ew,f? ygawmfyh gyg&JU? 'gayr,fvYdk b,fygVdawmft& b,ft|uxmt& ponfjzifh ñTeT Mf um;wm av;u
rygbJjzpfaew,f? ygVdawmfawGxrJ mS vJ ½Sçd t|uxmawGxrJ mS vJ½çdS edó,awGxrJ mS vJ ½Syd gw,f? tJ'gawG azmfjy
rxm;rdbJ jzpfaeygw,f? wpfaeYaeYusrS azmfjy&OD;rSmyJ/

]]*D[dyg½kye}} vlawG0wfovkd ud, k 0f wfcsio

f vkd 0wfvYdkrjzpfb;l ? odum© yk'af wmfvmwJt
h wkid ;f &[ef;wkYd
0wf½ekH nf;eJYtnD 0wfMuç ½HMk uzkYd ygyJ? t½dt
k aoûy&r,fh yk*K¾d vfukd t½dt
k aoûywJh ae&mrSm ]]{uHoH pD0&H uwGm}}wJ?h
Mo0g'"r®tarG 39

ycH;k ESpzf ufr½Hb

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tcgumvponfrmS tck 'DrmS 0wf½o kH vkad yhg? tJ'v
D dk 0wf½MkH uzkYd ygyJ? bk&m;udk t½dt k aoûywJt h cg q&morm;awG
rax&fBuD;awGukd t½dt k aoûywJt h cgç a'oemajymMum;wJt h cg tJ'v D t
dk cgawGrmS ]]{uHoH pD0&H uwGm}}vkYd
zGijhf yxm;ygw,f? tJ'g[mvJyJ ESpb f uf½wkH meJY oabmtm;jzifah wmh twlwyl gyJ? olu wpfbufwnf;½Hw k m
ESpb f uf½akH wmh ouFe;f udk vdyNf yD;awmh ½H&k w,f? wpfbuf½q kH ,
dk if rvdyb f ½J v
kH Ydk &ygw,f? odYk aomfvJ vdyNf yD;awmh
½Hw
k myJaumif;ygw,f? ouFe;f BuD;vkYd ½S, d if vdyrf ?S ao;aevkYd ½, dS if rvdyb f v J yJ J &yHak y:ygw,f? wpfbufwnf;
½Hw
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rodMubl;? 'gaMumifh ycH;k BuD;awGeYJ vuf0v J ufukd vHak tmifrzH;k bJ t½kt d aoûyMuw,f/

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h cg umvrSm r½Hb k o
J mG ;vJ 0denf;uawmh
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Mo0g'"r®tarG 42

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Mo0g'"r®tarG 45

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tppfukd rsufarSmufrûyEdik af o;ygbl;? w'*Ftm;jzifah wmh Nidr;f wJt h cg ½Syd gw,f? ½Iwikd ;f ½Iwidk ;f bma0wAÁ-jzpfap
wwfwhJ r*¾i½f pS yf g;w&m;awGvJ jzpfymG ;aeygw,f? or®m0g,mrç ur®mur®EçÅ or®mtmZD0qdw k hJ oDv r*¾io f ;kH yg;?
or®m0g,mrç or®mowdç or®morm"d-qkw d hJ orm"dr*¾iof ;kH yg;? tJ'rD *¾iaf wG jzpfymG ;aeygw,f? orm"d r*¾if
awGtm;aumif;NyDqadk wmh or®mouFyeÜ YJ or®m'd|rd *¾iaf wG? ynmr*¾iaf wGjzpfaewmygyJ? ½Iwidk ;f ½Iwidk ;f tJ'rD *¾if
awGjzpfaeygw,f/

tpOftwkid ;f yGm;rsm;vkYd jynfph w kH t

hJ cgus,if t&d,mr*¾iaf wGjzpfvmygw,f? t&d,mr*¾ijf zpfNyDqadk wmh
edAmÁ eftppf eda&m"opömukd rsuaf rSmufûy&w,f? tJ't D cgusawmh y,foifo h avmuf ork',opömwPSmudk y,fNyD;
Nidr;f wefoavmuf 'kua© wGvJ Nidr;f oGm;awmhwmygyJ? 0dyóemudk qufvuf½NI yD;awmh aemufq;kH jzpfwhJ t&d,mzkv d f
a&mufNyDq, dk if 'kuc© yford ;f tukeNf idr;f wJh edAmÁ efudk qkud af &mufEidk yf gw,f? tJ'v
D dk a&mufatmifvYdk tm;xkwMf u
&w,f? êud;pm;NyD; tm;xkwMf uzkYd ygyJ? ayghayghqqraeMueJY? 'DaeY txl;ajymp&mr½Syd gbl;/

bk&m;u i,fvkdY rar;bl;qkdwJh okb'´

w&m;tm;xkww f hJ yk*K¾d vfopfawG awmfawmfrsm;ae[efwyl gw,f? cke 'kvb ’ awGvJ awmfawmf½adS exifyg&JU?
êud;êud;pm;pm; tm;xkwo f mG ;MuzkYd vkyd gw,f? [drk mS vJ txl;yifx h m;wmqkad wmh tm;ay;wJth aeeJY oGm;&w,f? 13-
&ufaeYn oH;k cG&yd o f mzGiyhf u
JG kd oGm;&w,f? tvsif 2-&ufuawmh OD;£E´uoGm;NyD; w&m;a[m&w,f? 2-em&D
ausmfausmfavmufMumygw,f?a[mwJw h &m;u]]½Spjf zmr*¾ief Ad mÁ ef0ifw&m;awmf}}wJ?h w&m;tm;xkwNf yD;om;a,m*DawGu
awmh 'Dw&m;pmtkyu f kd Munfzh ;l wmu rsm;ygvdrrfh ,f? w&m;tm;rxkwzf ;l ao;wJh yk*K¾d vfawGeYJ tm;xkwcf gp yk*K¾d vf
awGrmS awmh Munfzh ;l olenf;rSmygyJ/
tJ'w
D &m;uawmh okb'´qw dk hJ y&dAZdk u
f kd taMumif;ûyNyD; a[mMum;xm;wm? ol[m bmoma&;ukd tvsif
uwnf;u avhvmxm;wm½Syd gvdrrfh ,f? yk&mPuóyç ru©vad *gomv-tp½Sw d hJ yk*K¾d vfBuD; 6-a,mufwYdk[m
Mo0g'"r®tarG 46

[kw
d ek ;f uxif½mS ;wJh yk*K¾d vfBuD;awGygyJ? bmoma&;acgif;aqmifBuD;awGaygh? tJ'b
D moma&; acgif;aqmifBuD;awG&UJ
bmomt,l0g'awGukd olu avhvmxm;ygvdrrfh ,f/

bmoma&;eJYpyfNyD; jrwfpmG bk&m;ukd okb'´uar;avQmufjcif; rûybl;wJ?h bmûyvkYd rar;wke;f qkad wmh

jrwfpmG bk&m;u i,fao;wmjzpfvYdkw?hJ tif;-[kwrf mS yJ? yk&mPuóyç ru©vad *gomvwkYd vkd yk*K¾d vfBuD;awGukd
ar;wmawmif ae&mrusb;l ? a*gwrbk&m;u i,fao;w,fqadk wmh ar;ayr,fvYdk ae&musrmS r[kwb f ;l qkw
d hJ
taeaygh? jrwfpmG bk&m;udk olu aumif;aumif;r,Hb
k ;l ? bk&m;uolUxufvJ i,f[efwyl gw,f/

bk&m;y&dedAÁmefpHcgeD;rS oGm;ar;w,f

olawmfawmftadk wmh bk&m;u y&deAd mÁ ef pHawmfru l eD;aeNyD? ukoed m½Hk y&deAd mÁ ef pHawmfrrl nfh anmifapmif;
awmfay:rSmawmif avsmif;awmfral eNyD/ tJ't D cgusawmhrS oef;acgif,H tcsderf mS oGm;NyD;ar;w,f? tJ'rD mS
jrwfpmG bk&m;u tm;enf;vSNyDjzpfvYdk bk&m;xH0ifzYdk&m awmfawmfciG ahf wmif;,l&w,f? 'gayr,fvYdk 0ifciG hf &oGm;yg
w,f? jrwfpmG bk&m;uvJ olUudk a[mzkYd cRwzf Ydk tJ'rD mS y&deAd mÁ efpzH Ydk &nf½,
G Nf yD; <uoGm;awmfrw
l mygyJ? tJ'rD mS olu
jrwfpmG bk&m;udk ar;ygw,f? b,fvv kd q
J adk wmh-

]]jrwfpmG bk&m;}} wJ?h (tif;-jrwfpmG bk&m;vkYd awmif ac:ao;wmr[kwbf ;l ) abm a*gwr-t½Sifa*gwr-wJ?h

yk&mPuóy-tp½Sw d hJ q&mBuD; 6-a,mufwYdk a[majymwmawG tukerf eS yf govm;? tukev f ;kH rSm;ygovm;? 'grS
r[kwwf csKdUomrSeNf yD; wpfcsKdUrSm;ovm;}}wJ?h 'Dvadk r;w,f/

tJ'aD wmh jrwfpmG bk&m;u olwYdk OpömawGukd igajzvkYrd jzpfygbl;? qkNd yD;awmh rajzygbl;? olwYdk [mawG
[kwrf rS [kwb f ?J r[kwb f ;l vkYd ajz&rSmaygh? 'Dvadk jz,if oabmruswhJ yk*K¾d vfawGu tjypfwifcsiw f ifO;D r,f?
r[kwb f ;l ajz½Hek YJ awmh bmrStusKd;½Srd mS r[kwb f ;l ? 'gaMumifh olUtar;udk rajzbJ ]]iga[mr,fç iga[mwJh w&m;udyk J
emyg}} vkYd qadk wmh tJ'u D srS ]]{0H baEÅ}}vkYd qkNd yD; oluvufcw H ,f? 'DusawmhrS bk&m;udk ½kad owm?tp wke;f u
]]abm a*gwr}}vkYd oluac:wm/

r*¾if½Spfyg;r½Sd,if tJ'DbmomrSm udavomNidrf;wJh yk*d¾Kvf r½Sdbl;

okb'´vufcw
H t
hJ cg jrwfpmG bk&m;u okb'´uakd [mw,f? b,fvv
dk q
J ,
dk if-

]],oð® acg okb'´ "r®0ed a, t&da,m t|*Ðaum ra*¾g e OyvAÇw?d oraPm yd ww¬ e OyvAÇwçd
'kwad ,myd ww¬ oraPm e OyvAÇw?d wwda,myd ww¬ oraPm e OyvAÇw?d pwkaw¬myd ww¬ oraPm e
OyvAÇwd}} wJh/

okb'´=okb'fy&dAZkd ?f ,oð® acg "r®0ed a,=tMuifw&m;0denf;ü? 0g=w&m;0denf;[kqt dk yfaom tMuif

bmoma&; omoema&;ü? "r®=w&m;qkw d m aumif;usK;d csr;f om &a&;twGuf ñTejf ywJw
h &m; pum;ygyJ? 0de,=qkd
wmuawmh tcsK;d wus aexkid af &; pnf;urf;Oya'ygyJ? bmomwkid ;f bmomwkid ;f rSm tJ'D "r®EiS 0hf ed , qkw d m
xku
d o
f nftm;avsmfpmG ½Sad ewmcsnf;ygyJ? 'gaMumifh tJ'"D r®eYJ 0de,ukd bmoma&; omoema&;vkYd q&dk w,f/

Ak'o¨ moemawmfrmS qk, d if okweå ef YJ tbd"r®m? 'D yd#uwf 2-yH[

k m "r®? yd#uwf 1-yHu k 0de,yJ? 'gukd
o*gxm0*¾o, H wk f t|uxm (ESm-42) wGif £rH "r®0ed ,EÅ=d þ"r®0ed ,[lonfrmS ? £rH "r®O=ö þ"r®oYkd
vnf;aumif;? £rH 0de,Oö = þ0de,odYk vnf;aumif;-vdYk qkx d m;ygw,f? NyD;awmh Ob,rdÜ {wH="r®ç 0de,[laom
þtrnf 2-yg;onf? omoeó= omoemawmf\? emrH=ternfygyJ? [d-o½kyt f m;jzifh azmfjy&vQif?
{w¬=þtrnf 2-yg;wdYk wiG ?f "ar®e="r®[al omtrnfjzif?h a'Gy#d umed=okwEf iS hf tbd"r®m[laom yd#uwf 2-
yHw
k Ydk u?kd 0kwmå ed=qktd yfuek \
f ? 0dea,e=0denf;[laom trnfjzif?h 0de,yd#uH- 0denf;yd#uwf udq k tdk yfonf-wJ?h
tJ'vD dk zGijhf yxm;ygw,f? 'gaMumifh "r®0ed ,qkw d m bmoma&; omoema&;ygyJ/

Ak'j¨ rwfpmG bk&m; a[mMum;wJh "r®eYJ 0ed ,[m Ak'¨ omoemaygh? tjcm; bmom*dP
k ;f q&mwkYd a[mMum;wJh
0de,[m tJ'b D mom0ifwYdk&UJ omoemaygh? 'gaMumifh ,ckacwfa0g[m&jzifh em;vnfv, G af tmif"r®0ed ,ukd
bmoma&; omoema&;vkYd teufjyefvu dk &f wmygyJ/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 47

okb'´=okb'´y&dAZdk ?f ,oð® acg "r®0ed a,=tMuifbmoma&; omoema&;ü? t|*Ðaum t*Fg½Spyf g;½Sad om?
t&da,m ra*¾g=t&d,mr*fu?kd e OyvAÇw=d r&tyf? r&tyfqw dk m r½Sb d ;l vkYd yJ qkyd gw,f? aps;udk oGm;NyD;
ypön;f wpfcu k kd 0,fwt hJ cg r&cJb h ;l qkv d Ydk ½&dS if r½Sv
d Ydk aygh? tJ'v
D ydk gyJ? r½Sb
d ;l qkw
d m [dw k ek ;f u ygVda0g[m&jzifh
r&tyfvYdk qx dk m;ygw,f? 'gaMumifh t|uxmrSm eOyvAÇw=d r&tyfqw dk mud?k ewd=å r½Sv d Ydk zGijhf yxm;ygw,f?
aemufyikd ;f usawmh 'Dowk rf mS vJ ewd-å vkYd a[mxm;ygao;w,f/

ww¬=r*¾i½f pS yf g;r&? r*¾i½f pS yf g; r½Sad om xkb d moma&; omoema&;ü? oraPm yd=udavom Nidr;f tyf
aom yxr&[ef; aomwmyefuv kd nf;? e OyvAÇw=d r&tyf? r&Ekid af y? oraPmqkw d m udavomNidr;f ol
vkYd qv
dk ydk gw,f? Armvku d awmh &[ef;vkYd jyefqMdk uw,f? udavomNidr;f NyD; yk*K¾d vfqw dk m zkv
d af v;yg;odYk a&mufaewJh
t&d,m yk*K¾d vfav;ygygyJ? aemufqufNyD;qkx d m;wJh 'kw, d oraPm ponfukd axmufqMunf&h if yxrpNyD;jywJh
oraPm[myxraomwmyefy*k K¾d vfjzpfaMumif;xif½mS ;ygw,f?'gaMumift h |uxmrSmy|arm aomwmyEéo raPmyd?
]]yxr aomwmyef &[ef;ukv d J r&tyf r&Ekid b f ;l }} vkYd zGijhf yxm;ygw,f/

t*Fg½Spyf g;½Sw
d hJ t&d,r*fukd r&Ekid w f Jh bmoma&;rSm udavomNidr;f wJh aomwmyefuv kd J r&Edik b f ;l ?
aomwmyefvrJ jzpfEidk b f ;l wJ?h t*Fg½Spyf g;½Sw d hJ t&d,r*fqw dk m bmaMumifv h q
J ,
dk if r*¾i½f pS yf g;udk r&bl;=r*¾i½f pS yf g;
r½Sb
d ;l qkwd m bmaMumifv h q J ,
dk if r*¾i½f pS yf g;udk jzpfymG ;ap&ef ra[mjyvkYd ? r*¾i½f pS yf g; jzpfymG ;ap&r,fqw dk m
rodvYdk ygyJ? bmoma&;wpfcrk mS q&mYq&mawGuu kd r*¾i½f pS yf g;jzpfymG ;ap&r,f qkw d mudk rodb;l ? rodwt hJ wGuf
r*¾if½Spyf g;jzpfymG ;ap&r,fqw dk m ra[mMum;bl;qk, d if tJ'D bmoma&;rSm r*¾i½f pS yf g; jzpfymG ;yghrvm;? rjzpfymG ;
ygbl;? rjzpfymG ;vkYd jzpfymG ;&r,fqw dk m rod,if tm;xkwrf ,fo h vl J ½Srd mS r[kwyf gbl;? tm;xkwo f rl ½Svd Ydk r*¾i½f pS yf g;
rjzpfymG ;,if tJ'g b,frmS ½SEd idk v f rd rfh vJ? 'gaMumifh r*¾i½f pS yf g;udk ra[mMum;wJh bmoma&;? r*¾i½f pS yf g;r½Sw d hJ
bmoma&;rSm? atmufxpfq;kH udavomNidr;f wJh aomwmyefawmif rjzpfEidk ?f r½SEd ikd b f ;l wJ?h tJ'gu odzYdk ½iS ;f ygw,f/

oDvç orm"dç ynmqkw d hJ tusifu

h kd usihrf S 0dyóemÓPfynmjzpfNyD; aomwmywdrå *fç zkv d u f kd a&mufEidk f
ygw,f? aomwmywdzå v dk af &mufrS udavomNidr;f wJh aomwmyef jzpfEidk yf gw,f? aomwmyefawmif rjzpfEidk çf
r½SEd idk w
f hJ bmoma&;rSm? ou'g*grfç tem*grfç &[EÅmjzpfzYdk ç ½Szd Ydk uawmh omNyD;a0;awmhwmyJ? 'gaMumif-h

ww¬=r*¾i½f pS yf g;udrk &? r*¾i½f pS yf g; r½Sad om xkb

d moma&; omoema&;ü? 'kwad ,myd oraPm=udavom
Nidr;f aom 'kw,
d ou'g*grf &[ef;udv k nf;? e OyvAÇw=d r&tyfç r&Ekid af y? (r*¾i½f pS yf g;r½Sw d hJ bmoma&;rSm
ou'g*grf &[ef;vJrjzpfEidk çf r½SEd ikd bf ;l ?) ww¬=r*¾i½f pS yf g;udk r&ç r*¾i½f pS yf g;r½Sad om xkb
d moma&; omoema&;ü?
wwda,myd oraPm= udavomNidr;f aom wwd, tem*grf &[ef;udv k nf;? e OyvAÇw=d r&tyfç r&Ekid af y? tJ'D
bmoma&; omoema&;rSm tem*grf&[ef; vJrjzpfEidk çf r½SEd idk b f ;l wJ?h ww¬= r*¾i½f pS yf g;udk r&ç r*¾i½f pS yf g;r½Sad om
bmoma&; omoema&;ü? pwkaw¬myd oraPm= udavom Nidr;f aom pwkw&¬ [EÅm &[ef;udk vnf;? e
OyvAÇw=d r&tyfç r&Ekid af y? r*¾i½f pS yf g;r½Sw d hJ bmoma&; omoema&;rSm &[EÅm &[ef;vJ rjzpfEidk çf r½Sd Ekid b f ;l wJ/h

w&m;ppfw&m;rSefawGudk tm;xkwfNyD;rS bk&m;jzpfw,f

bk&m;rjzpfcifu bmoma&;½Syd gw,f? O½ka0vuóyç yk&mPu óy-tp½SdwJh tJ'Dyk*Kd¾ vfawG½w d S ,f?

O½ka0vutpuwnf;u psmeform"dawG&ygw,f?yk&mPuóyuawmh apmapmur&bl;? 'gayr,fvYdk olUq&m
uawmh psmef½pS yf g;vH;k &xm;w,f? aemufawmh olUq&mvkyd J psmef½pS yf g;vH;k olv&J wmygyJ? tJ'v D dk psmefawG&wm[m
aumif;wefoavmufaumif;ygw,f? 'gayr,fvYkd olwYdk rmS r*¾i½f pS yf g;udak wmh yGm;rsm;rI r½Syd gbl;/

'gaMumifh olwYdk rmS udavomNidr;f wJh aomwmyefç ou'g*grfç tem*grfç &[EÅmqkw d mawGr½Sbd ;l ? olwYdk
wynfah wGrmS vJ tJ'D yk*K¾d vfawGqu
D enf;,l&ao;w,f? tJ'D olwYdk enf;eJY tm;xkwaf wmh olwYdk vdk psmefawG&awmh
wmygyJ? udavomNidr;f wJh t&d,r*fç zkv d uf akd wmh r&ygbl;? aemufawmh 'gawGeYJ bk&m;rjzpfao;bl;qkwd m odvYdk rYdk
olU[mol oD;jcm;cGNJ yD;awmh tm;xkwwf ,f/

tpm;tpmawGawmif jzwfNyD; ud, k yf ifyef;wJh 'ku&ú p&d,mtusiahf wGukd (6) ESpu f siahf erdao;w,f?
aemufawmhrS w&m;ppfç w&m;rSeaf wGukd usiNhf yD; bk&m;tjzpfoYkd a&mufawmfrv l mcJyh gw,f? tJ'w
D &m;ppfç w&m;rSef
qkw
d mu udavomNidr;f wJh r*¾i½f pS yf g;tusifah wGyJ jzpfygw,f/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 48

tJ'D r*¾i½f pS yf g; r½S&d if udavomNidr;f wJh t&d,myk*K¾d vfvJ r½Sb d ;l ? bk&m;ryGichf ifwek ;f uvJ tJ'rD *¾i½f pS yf g;
r½Scd b
hJ ;l ? bk&m;yGiNhf yD;wJh aemufrmS vJ bk&m;w&m;awmfukd rvku d ef mbJaewJh yk*K¾d vfawGrmS vJ r*¾i½f pS yf g; r½Sb d ;l ?
'gaMumifh tJ'yD *k K¾d vfawGrmS udavomNidr;f rI r½SEd ikd b
f ;l ? r*¾i½f pS yf g;qkw
d m or®m'd|çd or®mouFyÜ tp½Sw d hJ w&m;½Spyf g;
w&m;rsm;ygyJ? tJ'gu pmoifz;l wJh yk*K¾d vfawGoNd yD;om;awGyg/

r*¾i½f pS yf g;qkw
d muvJ tajccHjzpfwhJ rlvr*¾if a½SUoGm;jzpfwhJ ykAÁ bm*r*¾içf aemuf t&d,r*¾i&f ,fvYdk
oHk;rsKd;½Sdw,f/

tajccHr*¾if

tajccHr*¾iqf w
dk m uHEiS u hf \
H tusKd;udk ,HMk unfwhJ ur®óuwm or®m'd|½d &dS w,f? Ak'o ¨ moemawGrmS awmh
'Dor®m'd|d[m ½SdaewmygyJ?'DawmhrSvJ 't D ajccHovD jzpfwhJ or®m0gpmç or®mur®EçÅ or®mtmZD0jzpfEikd wf hJ ig;yg;oDv
pwJh oDvr*¾iaf wGjzpfw,f? NyD;awmh orxbm0em ponfuv kd J 'DawmhrS ,H,k MkH unfMunf tm;xkwEf ikd w f ,f?
orxtm;xkww f hJ yk*K¾d vfawGrmS tyÜempsmef ra&mufao;cif pdwNf idro f ufNyD;aewmudk Oypm&psmefvYdk ac:w,f?
tJ'u
D pNyD; psmef&oGm;awmh tyÜemorm"dvYdk ac:w,f? tyÜemorm"dqw dk m pwkueú nf;tm;jzihf ½lypsmef 4-yg;?
t½lypsmef 4-yg;? tm;vH;k ½Spyf g;? tJ'gawG[m orm"dr*¾iaf wGy?J 0dyóemupNyD; tm;xkww f hJ yk*K¾d vfawGrmS awmh
tm;xkwcf gprSm orm"drjzpfao;bJ ½SMd uygw,f/

0dyóemr*¾iaf wG jzpfymG ;&mrSm ur®óuwm or®m'd|d oDvç orm"dqw dk hJ tajccHrvl r*¾iaf wGeYJ a½S;OD;pGm
jynfph zkH Ydk vydk gw,f? uH-uH\ tusKd;ukd ,HMk unfojd rifwhJ t,lreS ½f w
dS ohJ rl S 0dyóemtvkyu f dk tm;xkwEf ikd wf ,f?
'Gg&ajcmufyg;u xif½mS ;ay:vmorQukd ½Irw S af e,if 0dyóemÓPfjzpfNyD; r*fç zkv d çf edAmÁ efukd &Ekid w
f ,fvYdk
,HMk unfojd rifygrS 0dyóemtvkyu f kd tm;xkwEf ikd w
f ,f? oDvuvJ pifMu,fygrS? atmufxpfq;kH tm;jzifh
Oypm&orm"dEiS hf tvm;wlwhJ 0dyóemcPduorm"dvJ jzpfygrS 0dyóemÓPfEiS hf wuG tjcm;aom 0dyóem r*¾if
awGjzpfEikd yf gw,f?'gaMumifh ur®óuwmor®m'd|&d ,fç oDvr*¾io f ;kH yg;&,fç orm"d&,f? 'Do;kH rsKd;ukd tajccH
rlvr*¾iaf wGvYkd rSw&f r,f/

ykAÁbm*r*¾if

½Irw
S cf u
dk ½f rI w
S cf u
dk f jzpfay:aewJh 0dyóemr*¾iaf wGu tm;jynfv h mwht
J cg t&d,r*¾iaf wG jzpfay:NyD;
edAmÁ efukd rsuaf rSmufûyEkid w f ,f? 'gaMumifh tJ'0D yd óemr*¾iaf wGuakd wmh ykAb Á m*r*¾iaf wGvYdk ac:w,f? t&d,r*f\
a½SUtzkYd r*¾i?f a½SUoGm;r*¾iv f Ydk qkv
d ydk gw,f? tJ'gawG[m tpOftwkid ;f jzpfymG ;apwJh r*¾iaf wGygyJ/
t&d,r*¾if

Oypm&orm"dç tyÜemorm"dç cPduorm"d qkw d hJ orm"do;kH rsKd;xJu wpfyg;yg;jzifh pdw0å o d 'k ¨d jzpfNyD;
wJah emufrmS jrifrçI Mum;rIç azmif;rI yderf I ponfjzpfay:cku d f jzpfay:cku d f Oyg'geu©Em¨ wkYd ukd ½IrwS Nf yD; obm0
vu©Pmudk odoo d mG ;wmvJ ykAbÁ m* 0dyóemr*fy?J ½kyçf emrf 2-yg;udk ydik ;f jcm;NyD;odwmvJ 0dyóem ykAb Á m*r*fy?J
taMumif;eJY tusKd;udk ydik ;f jcm;odwmvJ 0dyóemr*fy?J topf topf jzpfjzpfNyD; aysmufaysmufomG ; wmudk od&vkYd
tedp-ö rNrJb;l ? 'ku-© qif;&Jcsnf;yJ? tewå-tpd;k r&wJh oabmrQyJvYdk odoo d mG ;wmvJ ykAbÁ m* 0dyóemr*fy?J tJ'v D dk
tedppö onfjzifow d yhJ Ak b
Á m*bm0emr*fu oH;k oyfqifjcifwhJ or®oeÓPfrS tEkavmrÓPftxd tqifq h ifh½Sdw,f?
tEkavmrÓPfqw dk hJ 0dyóemÓPfjzpfNyD;wJh aemufrmS ½kyçf emrfç ocFg& vH;k 0 qdyo f Ok ;f uif;Nidr;f wJh edAmÁ ef
tm½Hq k u
D kd ñGww f hJ a*gMublÓPfjzpfNyD;awmh edAmÁ eftm½Hx
k o J Ykd ajy;0ifomG ;wJh t&d,r*fÓPf jzpfawmhwmyJ? tJ'v D dk
t&d,r*fÓPfjzpfw,f qk, d if t&d,r*fÓPfeYJ twlwuG t&d,r*¾if awGjzpfawmhwmygyJ? 'gaMumifh twkcd sHK;NyD;
od&atmifvYdk -

rlvç ykA?Á t&d,? oH;k 0r*¾ijf rwf/

jzpfymG ;apvQi?f þr*¾i?f ajy;0if edAmÁ e
Mo0g'"r®tarG 49

vkYd vuFmav;awG a&;xm;ygw,f? tJ'D r*¾i½f pS yf g;w&m;awG½rdS S udavomNidr;f wJh yk*K¾d vfawG ½Sw
d ,f?
'gudv
k J rSwv f ,
G af tmif vuFmav;pDxm;ygw,f/

r*¾i½f pS jf zm? r½S&d m? udavomNidr;f ol r½Sad pacs-wJh/

r*¾i½f pS yf g;r½S, d if b,fbmoma&;? b,fomoema&;jzpfjzpf udavom Nidr;f wJh aomwmyefç ou'g*grfç

tem*grfç &[EÅm yk*K¾d vfqw dk m r½SEd ikd b
f ;l ? r*¾i½f pS yf g;½Sw
d hJ bmoma&; omoema&;qk,
d ifawmh udavomNidr;f wJh tJ'D
t&d,myk*K¾d vfawG ½SEd ikd wf ,fqw dk m xif½mS ;ygw,f? 'gaMumif-h

]]r*¾i½f pS jf zm? ½d&S mrSm? udavomNidr;f ol ½SEd ikd af y}}vkYd

'Dvadk qmify'k uf av;udv k J pDxm;ygw,f? [Hvif;BuD;q&mawmfuawmh 'Dw&m;udk cPcPa[maewm?

olu½Si;f ½Si;f vif;vif; a[mwwfwmqkad wmh emMum;wJh yk*K¾d vfawGuvJ pdwyf g0ifpm;rI ½SMd uw,fqw
dk mudk od&w,f
ygVdav;awGeYJ tjynft h pHak [mwmqkad wmh oabmusp&mygyJ? tifrwefaumif;ygw,f/

tckw&m;tm;xkwaf eMuwJh yk*K¾d vfawGvJ 'D ½Spjf zmr*¾iaf wGjzpfatmif ½Irw S af eMu&wmyJ? ½Iwidk ;f ½Iwikd ;f
jzpfoifw
h thJ 'J rD *¾iaf wG jzpfaeygw,f?aemufq;kH ocFg½kayu©mÓPfuaeNyD; r*¾i½f pS yf g; jynfph w
kH t
hJ cgrSm aomwmyef
upNyD; t&d,myk*K¾d vfawG udavomNidr;f wJh yk*K¾d vfawGjzpfomG ;awmhwmygyJ/

tifrwefaumif;wJh w&m;awG

'Dw&m;awG[m tifrwefaumif;w,f? t&d,m0go w&m;awmfwYdk ouúyOSow k f w&m;awmfwYdk 'Dvdk okweå f

w&m;awmfBuD;awGu tifrwefaumif;wmyJ? "r®uxduawG a[mwJh ajymwJt h cgrSm aoaocsmcsm MunfNh yD; awmh
jznf;jznf;aq;aq;eJY em;vnfatmif a[majymzkYd aumif;ygw,f? tck 'DrmS awmh wkw d ydk J ajym&w,f? oabm
raygufwhJ yk*K¾d vfawGvyJ gcsifygrSmyJ?tm;xkw&f if;tm;xkw&f if;eJY oabmaygufwmawGvJ ½Srd mS ygyJ? rmvkusykwoå w
k f
w&m;awmfq, dk ifvJ tifrwefaumif;ygw,f? tck okb'´ow k vf J aumif;wmyJ? taumif;csnf;yJ/

ck w&m;tm;xkwwf hJ yk*K¾d vfawG tJ'D r*¾i½f pS yf g;w&m;jzpfymG ;apaomtm;jzifh rdrw d Ydk rmS vJ jzpfoifjh zpfxu
dk w
f hJ
orm"dawGç ÓPfawGjynfph NkH yDq, dk if udavomNidr;f wJh yk*K¾d vfawG jzpfEidk w f ,f? jzpfatmiftm;xkwrf ,fqNdk yD;
q&morm;ñTeMf um;wJt h wkid ;f ½k½d adk oao av;av;pm;pm;eJY tm;xkwMf u&r,f? tJ'v D dk ½Irw
S jf cif;jzifh 0dyóemÓPf
awG tpOftwkid ;f jzpfNyD;awmh rdrw d Ydk tvk½d t
dS yfwhJ r*fÓPfç zdv
k Ó
f Pfjzifh edAmÁ efukd vsifjrefpmG a&mufí rsufarSmuf
ûyEdik Mf uygap/

om"k-om"k-om"k-/

aemufwpfcak jymcsiw f mu tckavmavmq,f awGUae&wJu h pd yö gyJ? [dk yJc;l uaeNyD; tvªcw H hJ udpaö wG
½Sw
d ,f? tJ'u D pd aö wGeYJ pyfNyD; c&rf;uae pmeJYa&;wkid w f ,f? tJ'pD m 'DtzGUJ udyk Ykd w,f? tJ'gudk 'DusrS od&w,f? olwYdk u
qGr;f cHwthJ aeeJYayghav? qGr;f cHwmvJ r[kwyf gbl;? oHCmawG trsm;vku d Nf yD; armfawmfum;eJY aemufuvJ 'umç
'umrawGeYJ ? tJ'D 'umç 'umrawGu pdwyf g0ifpm;atmif vuFmuAsmawG½w G q f ?dk tJ'v
D dk ½Gwq
f Ndk yD; tvªcw H mud;k ?
qefvw ª yhJ *k K¾d vfuvJ vªMu? aiGvw ª hJ yk*K¾d vfawGygrSmaygh? tJ'v
D dk vkyMf uwm taMumif;ûyNyD; c&rf;u 'um
wpfa,mufuwkid Mf um;w,f? ol[m 'DrmS tm;xkwx f m;wJh a,m*Da[mif;vkYd qkyd gw,f? ol[m[kww f ,f? tJ'g
a,m*Dy*k K¾d vfawGeYJ rawmfb;l ? w&m;a[maewJh ur®|mef;q&mawG taeeJYq, dk if omNyD;awmhawmif rawmfwmyJ?
vmbf vmbawGukd 'DavmufarQmfvifah evkYd b,fawmfyghrvJ? ud, k w hf &m;ud, k f tm;xkwaf ygh? olwpfyg;udv k J
tm;xkwzf Ydk rajymeJY? tJ'v D adk ezkYd y?J vmbf vmbqkw d mu 'umç 'umrawG olwYdk[molwYdk vªoifo h avmuf
vªwmawG½rdS mS yg? pm;zkYd &m&,fr[kwyf ?J wcsKdUu tJ'gawGukd ausmif;aqmuf &wmeJY? bmvky&f wmeJY? 'Dvv dk yk w
f m
raumif;ygbl;? awmfawmfae&mruswmyJ/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 50

rw&m;ojzifh bmvkdY tvSLcH&wmvJ

tJ'gawG aoaocsmcsm pOf;pm;Munf, h if odum© yk'af wmft& olrsm;ypön;f awGukd rw&m;ojzifh awmif;wm
tmywfoifw h ,f? tJ'g tmywfu edó*dy¾ gpdwf tmywfoifw h myJ? 'graumif;bl;? tJ'gu ta&;BuD;w,f?
odum© yk'af wGukd av;pm;½kad ooifw h ,f? tJ'gudk taMumif;ûyNyD;awmh tm;vH;k av;av;eufeuf oabmxm;Muyg?
'DrmS awmif vmbfvmbawG 'Davmufrsm;aewm? ae&muswm r[kwb f ;l ? ur®|mef; bke;f BuD;qkNd yD; tjcm;olawGu
pD;yGm;a&;taeeJY jrifaeMuvdrrfh ,f? ur®|mef; bke;f BuD;qkw
d m oEÅK|dç oav’c &&orQeYJ a&mif&h o J ifw
h ,f/

r[mpnfur®|mef;bke;f BuD;qkNd yD; 'Dvv dk yk ,

f ifur®|mef;w&m;udyk gtxifao;NyD; emrnfysurf ,f? q&mYq&m
udyk g xdcu
dk Nf yD;awmh r½krd aojzpfvmEkid w
f ,f? 'Dawmh tukov kd u
f H jzpf½o
kH mru w&m;awmfyg qkw, f wk f oGm;rSmyJ?
'g[m awmfawmfu h kd ae&mruswmbJ/

ta[mif;awGu ydkta&;BuD;w,f

'um 'umrawG o'¨g½S, d if olwYdk [molwYdk vªMurSmaygh? bmvkyzf Ydk 'Dvrdk w&m;ojzifh tvªc&H wmvJ?
rawmfygbl;? tJ'geJYpyfNyD;awmh pmav;a&;NyD; ydYk vu dk &f ao;w,f? 'Dvv dk yk w
f m rawmfb;l ? 'DvmNyD;tqH;k tr cH
MuOD;vkYd ? awmfawmfukd rawmfwOhJ pömbJ/

tJ'gu'Du ur®|mef;q&ma[mif;awGa&mbmawGa&mayghav? ta[mif;awGu ydt k a&;BuD;w,f? pD;yGm;a&;

jzpftmif w&m;a[mw,fvYdk rSwx f ifMu,if ae&mrusb;l ? tckawmh tJ'D txJu 'Dvdk rawmfwmvkyw f ,fvYdkawmh
rMum;od&ao;ygbl;? 'gayr,fvYdk tckpyfrw
d t
Jh cg owday;ygw,f? tJ'v
D dk rvkyMf uygeJY t½Sib
f &k m;wkYd /

w&m;a[mç w&m;jyw,fqw dk m jrwfpmG bk&m; omoemawmfrmS w&m;usiNhf yD;awmh ukov kd wf &m;awGç

orm"dç ÓPfw&m;awG jzpfoifo h rQawGjzpfatmif a[majymaqmif½u
G &f wm? pm;aomufaexkid af &;awGeYJ ywfouf
NyD; rjynfph ,
kH ifvJ b,fwwfEidk rf vJ? olUuHeYJ oal ygh/

olwYdk [molwYdk 'umç 'umrawGu wwfEidk v f Ydk v?ª 'DrmS bke;f BuD;u bmrS tvªcw
H m r½Syd gbl;? 'gayr,fvYdk
o'¨gw&m;jynfph w
kH hJ yk*K¾d vfawGu vª'gef;Muwm jynfph ½kH rkH uygbl;? ydak wmifaeygao;w,f/

ñTefjyxm;wJh rSD&mav;yg;

&[ef;cHNyD;w,fq&dk if ]]pwåma&m edó,m}} rS&D mav;yg;udk ajymMum;&w,f? rS&D mav;yg;xJu aeYpOf

pm;aomufaewJh qGr;f qkw d m½Syd gw,f? qGr;f cHNyD;&wJh qGr;f ukd rS0D aJ e&r,fvYdk ñTeMf um;ygw,f? tJ'g ygVdawmf
xJrmS awmh ½SmvkYd rawGuao;bl;? t|uxmrSmawmh zGijhf yxm;wm½Syd gw,f? 'gayr,fvYdk vk&d if;u qGr;f cHNyD;awmh
&wJqh rG ;f avmufom rS0D zJ Ydk 'Dvrdk [kwb
f J pm;a&;aomufa&;jynfph akH tmifqNdk yD; tvªrcHeYJ ? tJ't
D "dygÜ ,f ukd zGijhf y
aew,f? tJ'g wcsKdUu qGr;f rcHbeJ YJ pm;a&;aomufa&; jynfph akH tmif tvªcaH ew,f? awmif;aew,fq, dk if 'g[m
b,fae&musygrvJ? tJ'g ae&mrusbl;? tmywfoifw h ,f/

]]twda&uvmabm}} a½S;bke;f a½S;uHtm;avsmfpmG vmbfvmbtydk tvGejf zpfvmvkYd ½, dS if tJ'gudk

jrwfpmG bk&m;u cGiûhf yygw,f? oHCmawG tukev f ;kH vªwq
hJ rG ;f ç oHCmwpfpw d wf a'oudk &nf½, G Nf yD; vªwq hJ rG ;f ç
oHCmawGxrH S rJcsNyD;awmh vªwq hJ rG ;f ç edrEÅeqkw
d muawmh wpfyg;wnf; yifv h wª mvJ½w dS ,f? yk*K¾d vfwpfyg;wnf;
tyfNyD; yifvh w
ª mvJ½w dS ,f? yk*K¾d vftrsm;udk yifNh yD; vªwmvJ½w dS ,f? tJ'v
D dk qGr;f awGuvkd J jrwfpmG bk&m;u cGiûhf y
ygw,f/

NyD;awmh &uftydik ;f tjcm;tm;jzifh vjynfv h uG,w f Ydk ? vqef;wpf&ufç vqkww f pf&ufwYdk ? tJ'v D dk vªwmawG
udvk J vufcyH gw,f? ckumvrSmqk, d if arG;aeYtaMumif;ûywmwkYd ? txdr;f trSwûf y&mtcgwkYd ? 'Dvu dk pd aö wG udk
taMumif;ûyNyD; vª'gef;wJh qGr;f awGqw dk mvJ trsm;BuD;ygyJ? tJ'v D dk o'¨gw&m;tavsmuf 'umç 'umrwkYd u
vªwq hJ rG ;f ukd jrwfpmG bk&m;u vufco H ;kH aqmifEikd w
f ,fvYdk cGiûhf yxm;ygw,f? tJ'vD dk r[kwb f eJ YJ awmif;&rf;NyD;
oH;k aqmifwmudak wmh jrwfpmG bk&m;u cGirhf ûywmudk usL;vGeNf yD; oH;k aqmif,ifawmh tmywfoifw h ,f/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 51

uJh&JUzG,fawG uif;Muygap

wjcm;rSm vkyaf ewmawGuakd wmh rajymvkyd gbl;? olwYdk[meJY olwYdky?J 'Dur®|mef;XmerSmawmh a½S;u
'Dv[
dk mawG rMum;&vkYd rajymwmbJ? tckawmh Mum;vm&vkYd rajymvkYd rjzpfb;l ? 'gaMumifh ajym&w,f? ur®|mef;
XmerSm w&m;tm;xkwaf eMuwJh yk*K¾d vfawG? w&m;a[majymaewJh yk*K¾d vfawG? w&m;jyaewJh yk*K¾d vfawG 'Dvdk yk*K¾d vf
awGuawmh jrwfpmG bk&m;tqH;k tr Mo0g'eJYtnD bmrSr½Sb d ;l qk,
d if qGr;f cHpm;zkYd ygyJ? o'¨gw&m;tm;avsmfpmG 'umç
'umrawGu vªvYdk ½S,
d ifawmh vufco H ifyh gw,f/

ck'o
D moemh&yd o
f mrSmqk,
d if vªw'hJ umç'umrawGu odygw,f?'gtrsm;BuD;yJ? qGr;f rcH&bJ auR;wmawGvJ
½Syd gw,f? 'gayr,fvYdk tukev f ;kH awmhvJ r[kwyf gbl;aygh? wcsKdUyk*K¾d vfawG qGr;f cHoifwh hJ yk*K¾d vfawGuawmhvJ
qGr;f cH&ao;wmyJ? [dawoDtzGUJ u qkv d Ydk ½,
dS if olwYdk vdk auR;aewmawG? trsm;BuD;½Syd gw,f? 'DXmeuvJ auR;ae
wmawG awmfawmfrsm;ygw,f? 'gayr,fvYdk tukev f ;kH awmh r[kwbf ;l aygh/

aqmif½u G pf &m½Sv
d Ydk aqmif½u G af e&wJt h cgrSm qGr;f cHvJ ta&;rBuD;ygbl;? trsm;BuD;xJrmS wpfyg;ESpyf g;
qGr;f rcHvJ pm;avmufygw,f?ta&;rBuD;ygbl;? qGr;f cHwyhJ *k K¾d vfawGjynfph akH e,if NyD;wmygyJ? enf;wJt h cg us,if
awmhjzifh qGr;f cHvudk o
f ifwh hJ yk*K¾d vfawG vkud zf Ydk aumif;ygw,f/ tJ'gawGvJ em;vnfxm;zkYd ygyJ? uJ&h UJ zG,af wG uif;Mu
ygap/

bmrStusKd;r½Sdbl;

q&mawmfBuD; ysvH eG af wmfrw

l m taMumif;ûyNyD;awmh ylaZmfyaJG wG usi;f yMuw,f? tJ'g yGaJ wGbmawGeYJ
vkyMf uwm bmrS tusKd;r½Sb d ;l ? tusKd;r½Sw d t
hJ jyif *kPo
f ud m© awmif usao;w,f? tJ'gawG rvkyo f ifah Mumif;udk
ud,
k w f idk yf J pma&;&rvm; olrsm;udyk J ta&;ckid ;f &rvm;qkw d m 'Du pOf;pm;aew,f? rawmfwhJ OpömyJ? tck'rD mS ½Sd
wmawGuawmh ur®|mef; q&mr[kwv f Ydk txl;ajymp&mawmh rvkyd gbl;? 'gayr,fvYdk pyfrw
d t
hJ cg apmapmu
odxm;,if aumif;wmygyJ/

'gawGvJ ur®|mef;XmeawGrmS qk, d if rawmfygbl;? tvum;tykad wGy?J bmrS tusKd;r½Syd gbl;? ur®|mef;Xme
awGrmS 'Dvv
dk yk w
f ,fq,
dk ifomNyD;awmh uh&J UJ zG,jf zpfrmS yJ? 'gawGvJ tifrwef owdûyNyD; a½SmifMuOfzYdk aumif;yg w,f/

tJ'gygyJ?&[ef;w&m;tm;xkwMf uwJyh *k K¾d vfawG jzpfwt hJ wkid ;f ud,

k w hf &m;ud, k f jynfph akH tmif tm;xkwMf uyg
bk&m;?jynfph akH tmiftm;xkwNf yD;aemuf omoemawmftusKd;rsm;atmifvyJ u J ,kd w f idk v
f J oifah vsmf atmifae? oifah vsmf
atmifvJ a[majymjcif;jzifh ukov kd w
f &m; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwEf idk Mf uygap/
om"k-om"k-om"k-/

1342-ck? e,kefvjynfhaeY
Mo0g'uxma'oem

ydkaumif;wJhenf;

ygwdarmufjyw,fqw dk m bk&m;ynwfawmfrw l hJ odum© yk'af wGukd ½Gwjf ywmyJ? jrwfpmG bk&m;u 'Dou d m© yk'f
awG 'Dou d m© yk'af wGukd 'Dvdk ynwfxm;w,f? ynwfxm;wJh odum© yk'af wGeYJ tnD aeMuç xkid Mf uzkYd qw dk mudk odapcsif
wJh t"dygÜ ,fygyJ? 'gayr,fvYkd em;rvnfwhJ yk*K¾d vfawGuawmh wcsKdUem;vnfrmS r[kwyf gbl;? 'Dvedk m;axmifaeMu&
rSmyJ? em;vnfatmifq, dk ifvJ vG,wf m r[kwyf gbl;/

em;vnfatmifqNdk yD;awmh Armpum;eJY ygwdarmufjy&rSmuvJ cufw,f? rvG,b f ;l ? jrefrmpum;eJY jyw,f

qk,
d ifvJ wcsKdUyk*K¾d vfawGu êuducf sifrêS udurf ,f? jrefrmvkjd yefNyD;om;twkid ;f ygwdarmufjyvkYd ½S, d if tm;vH;k
em;vnfEidk rf mS jzpfvYdk t'J gydak umif;w,f?em;vnfoel nf;ayr,fv h Ydk ygVdeYJ jywmu ydNk yD;av;eufw,fç aumif;w,fvYdk
xifMurSmyJ? tif;-ygwdarmuf jy&mrSm rodao;vkYd ½, dS if oD;jcm;taeeJY odatmif oifMum;zkYad ygh av/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 52

tJ'v D dk ygwdarmufukd ½Gwq

f adk [mMum;wJt
h wkid ;f rawmfwmûyrd,ifvJ a'oemajymMum;&w,f? 'djyifenf;eJY
ukpm;p&m½S,d ifvJ ukpm;&w,f? tck'rD mS 'kvb ’ awGq, dk ifawmhomNyD;ta&;BuD;wmayghav? olwYdkuem;vnfMurSm
r[kwbf ;l ? w&m;tm;xkwaf ewJh yk*K¾d vfawGuawmh tjypfr½Sd atmifw&m;csnf;yJ tm;xkwaf e,if awmfawmh
awmfwmygyJ/

BudK;pm;NyD; tm;xkwfzkdY ta&;BuD;ygw,f

uaeYawmh reufuvJ ajymwefoavmuf ajym&? aeYv,fuvJ onfu w&m;a[mvSnq hf adk wmh a[m&ç
ajym&wmawGu awmfawmfrsm;w,f? uaeY 0dyóem ½Iy½kH eI nf;awG a[mwmjzpfawmh tJ'½D yI ½kH eI nf;awGukd em;vnf
avmufygw,f? w&m;a[m&ç a[m&w,fqw dk m w&m;tm;xkww f hJ yk*K¾d vfawG em;vnfatmifvYdk a[m&ç ajym&wm/

rdrw d YdkrmS &oif&h xku

d w
f hJ ukov
kd w
f &m;awG &atmifvYkd &[ef;ûyNyD;awmh ae&wmyJ/ &[ef;qkad wmh
0denf;qkid &f mawGvJ odem;vnfatmif wwfEidk o f rQ tm;xkwMf u&w,f? 0denf;odum© yk'ef YJ tnD ½k½d adk oaoae&w,f?
'kvb
’ awGrmS awmh cPav;ae&wm? bmrSMumwmr[kwb f ;l ? 'Dawmh w&m;tm;xkw&f mrSmyJ cPyJ tm;xkwMf u&
wm? tm;xkwcf sde&f oavmuf êud;pm;NyD; tm;xkwMf uzkYd ta&;BuD;ygw,f/

omoemawmfwiG ;f rSm jrwfpmG bk&m;w&m;awmfawGukd a[m&ç ajym&usiBhf uH tm;xkwMf u&wm[m tifrwef

uHaumif;ygw,f? jrwfpmG bk&m; omoemawmftwGi;f rSm 0dyóemw&m;a[mzkYd ç ajymzkYd u tifrwef ta&;BuD;
ygw,f? a[mvkYd odru
S sifEh ikd w
f ,f? usifrh v
S J r*fç zkv
d çf edAmÁ efukd &Ekid w
f ,f/

rusifh,if rvGwfajrmufbl;

tkjd cif;ç emjcif;ç aojcif;qkw d hJ oHo&m0#fqif;&JawG? tJ'gawG[m tifrwef aMumufp&maumif;w,f?

pufqyk zf ,
G çf rvkv d m;zG,af umif;wJh w&m;qk;d awGy?J tJ'D w&m;qk;d awG uif;Nidr;f atmif usifBh uHtm;xkww
f m[m
taumif;qH;k ygyJ? jrwfpmG bk&m;\tqH;k tr omoemawmftwkid ;f vku d ef mNyD; usiahf e,if oHo&m0#fqif;&Ju
vGwaf jrmufEidk yf gw,f? rusifvh Ydk ½,
dS ifawmhjzifh rvGwaf jrmufygbl;/

Ak'b ¨ mom tjyifbufu yk*K¾d vfawGq, dk if edAmÁ efa&mufaMumif; oHo&m0#frS vGwaf jrmufaMumif; w&m;&,f
vkYd ½wdS m r[kwb f ;l ? r½Sad wmh tJ'D w&m;rsKd;ukd a[mMum;wJh yk*K¾d vfvrJ ½Sb d ;l ? ra[mMum;vkYd rodawmh w&m;
tm;xkww f hJ yk*K¾d vfr½Sb d ;l aygh? usifBh uHtm;xkww f hJ yk*K¾d vfr½S&d if edAmÁ efa&mufNyD; oHo&m0#frS vGwaf jrmufwhJ
yk*K¾d vfvJ r½SEd idk yf gbl;? tvsifu usifBh uHtm;xkwcf v hJ Ydk yg&rD jynfph NkH yD;jzpfwhJ yapöuAk'm¨ tavmif;tvsm
yk*K¾d vfawGrmS awmh bk&m;w&m;awmf remMum;&bJ usiBhf uHtm;xkwv f Ydk edAmÁ ef&NyD; oHo&m0#frS vGwaf jrmuf oGm;wm
awG½ydS gw,f? olwYdk uawmh Ak'b ¨ momtjyifbufuvkYd rqkEd idk yf gbl;? tvsifu bk&m;w&m;awmfawGukd oabmus
NyD; tm;xkwv f mcJw h hJ yk*K¾d vfawGjzpfvYdk ygyJ? 'Dvdk yk*K¾d vfjzpf zkYd qw
dk muvJ rvG,yf gbl;? tJ'D yk*K¾d vfawG[m olwpfyg;
udk opömav;yg; odatmif w&m;ra[mMum;Edik Mf uygbl;/

omoemawmfwGif;rSmrS opömav;yg;odatmif a[mEdkifw,f

jrwfpmG bk&m; omoemawmfwiG ;f rSmawmh jrwfpmG bk&m;a[mMum;xm;wJh a'oemawmfawGu txift½Sm;

½Sad eygw,f?tJ'aD 'oemawmfawGu edAmÁ ef&Ekid w f hJ opömav;yg;udk odEidk wf hJ a'oemawmfawGy?J tJ'D a'oemawmf
awGuvJ omoemawmf ruG,rf yrcsif; wnf½adS ew,f? 'Dawmh tJ'D omoemawmfawGtwkid ;f tm;xkwf
xm;NyD;jzpfw&hJ [EÅmyk*K¾d vfawGuvJ a[mMum;Ekid yf gw,f? tem*grfç ou'g*grfç aomwmyefy*k K¾d vf awGuvJajym
Mum;Ekid yf gw,f?tJ'yD *k K¾d vfawGa[mMum;Ekid w
f ,fqw dk muawmhajymp&mawmifrvkyd gbl;?ykxZk Ofy*k K¾d vfawGuawmif
a[mMum;Edik yf gw,f? 'Dvdk a[mMum;Ekid w f hJ yk*K¾d vfawG½adS ewmjzpfawmh usifch sifwhJ yk*K¾d vfawG½,
dS if w&m;awmfeYJ tnD
usifch iG hf &aeMuwmyJ/

'Dvdk jrwfpmG bk&m;w&m;awmfawG txift½Sm;½Sad ewke;f rSm opömav;yg;w&m;udk ud, k w

f idk o
f ad tmif
tm;xkwzf Ydk tifrwefaumif;ygw,f? tkjd cif;ç emjcif;ç aojcif;uif;NyD; r*fç zkv
d çf edAmÁ ef&onftxd oHo&m0#frS
tNyD;tydik v
f w
G of nftxd tm;xkwo f ifyh gw,f? tcGio hf ifw
h ek ;f tm;xkw&f wm tifrwef uHaumif;ygw,f?
Mo0g'"r®tarG 53

jrwfpmG bk&m; w&m;awmfawGukd a[mMum;wJh yk*K¾d vfawGuvJ ususeea[mzkYd ? 'geç oDvw&m;awG? 'gawGuawmh
a[maeusygyJ? tJ'gawGvJ a[mzkYd ? usifEh idk o
f avmufvJ usifzh Ydk ygyJ? txl;tm;jzifah wmh 'Dxufw;dk NyD;awmhvJ
orxw&m;ç 0dyóemw&m;awGukd ususee tm;xkww f wfatmif a[mMum; tm;xkwzf Ydk aumif;ygw,f/

jrwfpmG bk&m; omoemawmfrmS 0dyóemw&m;udk a[mzkYd u ta&;BuD;ygw,f? 0dyóemw&m;udk usirhf S r*fç

zkv
d çf edAmÁ efukd &Ekid af &mufEidk w
f ,f? jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mMum;xm;wJh owdy|mefw&m;awmf[m ,ckwidk f xif½mS ;
½Sad ewm? tJ'w D &m;awmfu 0dyóem½Irw S zf Ydk enf;vrf;awG tjynft
h pH½k adS ewmyJ? tJ'gawGukd t&if;cHNyD; a[majym
usifBh uHtm;xkwaf eMu&wm[m tifrwef tqifajyygw,f? 'Dtwkid ;f vku d ef mNyD; usifBh uHtm;xkwMf uzkYd ygyJ/

o'¨gw&m;½Sw
d hJ yk*K¾d vfawGvmvmNyD; tm;xkwMf uw,f? tJ'v D dk ,H,
k MkH unfMunfeYJ êud;pm;NyD; tm;xkwv f Ydk
½S,
d ifvJ todx;l awGukd ud, k w
f idk o
f o
d o
d mG ;MuwmyJ? 'gudk r,HMk unfbJ tjyifbufuae tjypfajym aewJh yk*K¾d vf
awGv½J ydS gw,f? 'gayr,fvYdk olwYdk ukd acsywJt h aeeJY olwYdk udk tjypfrajymvkyd gbl;? ud, k w
hf &m;udk ½kd;½kd;a[m
aewmygyJ/

wjznf;jznf; aumif;oGm;zkdYygyJ

tjyifbufuaeNyD; tJ'v D tdk jypfajymaewJh yk*K¾d vfawGu olwYdka[majymwmrS obm0usw,f? taumif;qH;k

enf;vrf;rSeq f Ndk yD; bk&m;a[menf;vrf;rSef r[kwb f J t&rf;pOf;pm;NyD; a[maeMuwmawGvJ ½Sw d myJ? tJ'gawGukd
,HMk unfwyhJ *k K¾d vfawGuvJ tJ'gtrSev f Ydk rSwaf eMuwmawGvJ ½Sw d ,fayghav? tJ'v D dk yk*K¾d vfawGukd tjypfajymvkv
d Ydk
r[kwaf yr,fh oabm rSeaf &mufapcsiw f t
hJ aeeJY ruif;bJ ajymwefoavmufawmh ajym&ao;wmyJ? yk*K¾d vftaeeJY
awmh rajymygbl;? obm0"r® taeeJUawmh ajym&ygw,f/

tckaeawmh omoemapmifah ½Smufa&; &[ef;awmftzGUJ awG zGUJ NyD; omoemawmf pnfyifwnfwjhH yefYymG ;a&;
awGukd tpd;k &uvkyaf eygw,f? tJ'gawG wjznf;jznf;awmh aumif;oGm;zkYd ½ydS gw,f? 'Dtwkid ;f om zdzpd ;D pD;
aqmif½u
G o f mG ;vQif aumif;vdrrfh ,fvYdk vJ oabm&ygw,f? aqmif½u
G pf &mawGuvJ trsm;BuD;½Sad ewmyJ? tJ'gawGukd
tukev
f ;kH aqmif½u G zf Ykd &m w,frvG,v
f b S ;l /

Edik if jH cm;awGqv dk Ydk ½,

dS if olwYdk enf;eJYow l Ydk aumif;atmifqNkd yD; omoemawmfudk pnfyifatmif aqmif½u G f
aeMuwmygyJ? aqmif½u G yf ekH nf; rwlvYdk ½,dS ifjzifh wpfEidk if u
H wpfEidk if u
H dk tjypfajymaeMuwmawGvJ ½Sdygw,f?
Oyrm xkid ;f u jrefrmjynf &[ef;awmfawG usiBhf uHaexkid yf kH tcsKUd udk tjypfwifNyD; a0zefMuwmawG ½Syd gw,f? wcsKUd
awmhvJ olwYdk tjypfwifovkd [kwo f avmuf [kww f mygyJ? 'gayr,fvYdk olwYdk aqmif½u G yf kH awG[mvJ tjypfv;kH vH;k
uif;w,fvYdk qdv k Ydk rjzpfygbl;? tjypfwifu&hJ UJ rIqw dk m uawmh avmu"H oabmvJ ruif; bl;aygh/

olwYdk qrD mS awmhomoemhacgif;aqmifawG½w dS ,f? tJ'aD cgif;aqmifawGu pnf;urf;awGukd wif;wif;MuyfMuyf

ûyvkyx f m;MuwmjzpfvYdk aumif;oifo h avmufawmh aumif;ygw,f? 'gayr,fvYdk olwYdk aqmif½u G cf sufawGu
tukev f ;kH jynfph w
kH mawmh r[kwb f ;l ? vkt d yfwmawGvJ trsm;BuD;ygyJ? wcsKdU[mawGvJ aumif;wmawG½ydS gw,f?
olwYdkqrD mS &[ef;rsm;qk, d if yGv
J rf;obifrMunf&h bl;? aps;awGbmawGomG ;NyD; aps;r0,f&bl;? ra&mif;&bl;? tJ'v D dk
qH;k jzwfxm;w,f? tJ'gawG tukev f ;kH yJ vku
d ef mMuw,f/

NyD;awmh ½GmxJç ûrdUxJvJ ouFe;f r½Hyk J roGm;&bl;? 'guawmh 0denf;odum© yk'ef YJ avsmfwmawGcsnf;ygyJ?
'gayr,fh ½GmxJç ûrdUxJu ausmif;jzpfap? bk&m;jzpfap oGm;wmjzpf,ifawmhjzifh ouFe;f r½Hb k J oGm;Edik yf gw,f?
0denf;u 'gudk cGiûhf yygw,f? cGiûhf yaomfvJ ouFe;f r½Hb
k J ûrdUxJç ½GmxJjzwfomG ;,if jrifoal wGu uJ&h UJ p&mawmh
½Sdygw,f/

jrefrmjynfrmS qk,
d if tJ'gawGukd tjypfrjrifwo hJ al wGu odyrf sm;w,f? r½Hb
k ûJ rdUxJç ½GmxJomG ;aeMuwmukd
trsm;tjym;awGU&wmyJ? ausmif;wkYd ç bk&m;wkYd oGm;wmvJ r[kwb f J ûrdUxJç ½GmxJupd eö YJ oGm;wmqk, d if tJ'v
D dk
ouFe;f r½Hb
k oJ mG ;wm 0denf;eJY qefYusifvYdk tjypf½w
dS ,f/

tckumvrSm tcsKdU&[ef;awmfawG[m rmwk*grawGeYJ ta&mtaESmrsm;wmawG ½Sw d ,f? pD;yGm;a&;vkyaf ewm

awGvJ ½Sw
d ,f? bke;f BuD;atmif roifah vsmfwt
hJ vky?f &[ef;awmfwYdk eYJ ravsmfwt
hJ vkyaf wGukd vkyaf ewm awGvJ
Mo0g'"r®tarG 54

½Sdw,f? 'gawGukd tckawmh oHCmhtzGUJ u ta&;,laeygw,f? wjznf;jznf;awmh oefY½iS ;f wefoavmuf oefY½iS ;f NyD;
aumif;wefoavmufawmh aumif;oGm;zkYd ½ydS gw,f/

bk&m;omoemawmf twGi;f rSmaeNyD; vlwYdktMunfñcdk H &[ef;awmfwYdk[m bk&m;rsuEf mS awmfuv kd aJ xmuf?

Munfñadk eMuwJh vlwYdk o'¨gw&m;udvk J iJNh yD; ud,
k v
f J ukov
kd jf zpfatmif rawmfwmawGrvkyb
f J a½SmifMuOfEidk ,
f if
taumif;qH;k ygyJ? awmfavmufygNyD/

jrwfpmG bk&m; ynwfawmfrw

l hJ odum© awmfy'k af wGudk aumif;aumif; rGerf eG f ½k½d adk oao xde;f odr;f usifBh uH
vsuf 0dyóembm0emw&m;udk êud;pm; tm;xkwjf cif;jzifh rdrw d Ydk tvk½d t
dS yfaom r*fç zkv d çf edAmÁ efukd vsifjrefpmG
qku
d af &mufEidk Mf uygap/

om"k-om"k-om"k-/

1342-ck? e,kefvqkwf (8) &ufaeY

txl;a[mMum;onfh
Mo0g'uxma'oem

tck oHCmhtzGUJ awG zGUJ xm;Muw,f? tJ't D zGUJ awGukd tpd;k &uvJ todtrSwûf yxm;wm jzpfawmh ae&m
usygw,f? 'Dvrdk vS J oHCmhtzGUJ u qH;k jzwfwhJ tqH;k tjzwfawGukd rvku d ef m,if tpd;k &u ta&;,lzYdk wm0ef½dS
oGm;wm? tvsiw f ek ;f uawmh oHCmawmfawG qH;k jzwfxm;ayr,fvYdk rvku d ef mMubJ aewmawGvJ ½Sw
d ,f? 'gaMumihf
trIawG rNyD;rjywfjzpfNyD; trIwef;vef;eJYyJ NyD;aewmawGç ½Sad ewmawGtrsm;BuD;yJ/ tJ'gawG tckawmh tJ'v D rdk [kwf
bJ tpd;k &u wm0ef,l aqmif½u G af y;&rSm qkad wmh trINyD;jywfomG ;Ekid w
f maygh/

'Duawmh owif;pmvJ rMunft h m;? tck jzpfay:aewJh trIawGeYJ ywfoufwphJ mawGuv kd J aumif;aumif;
rMunft h m;awmh rsm;rsm;rodygbl;/ t½Sib f &k m;wkYd avhvmEdik w f hJ yk*K¾d vfawGuawmh awmfawmfrsm;rsm; odMurSmygyJ/
olwYdk'rD mS ay;wJh pmawGuv
kd J tcsed rf sm;rsm; Munfch iG rhf &wmeJY aphaphpyfpyf rMunfEh ikd yf gbl;/

a½S;uawmh oHCmtkycf sKyfa&;awG rnfrnf&& ½Sw d mr[kwaf wmh taeacsmifaewJh yk*K¾d vfawGvJ ½Sad eMuwmyJ?
taeacsmifNyD qkad wmh bk&m;ynwfxm;wJh odum© yk'af wG½adS yr,fvYdk tJ'o D u
d m© yk'af wGtwkid ;f vkud ef m usifBh uHraI wG
enf;yg;ukew f ,f? acsmifacsmifyJ aecsifMuwJh yk*K¾d vfawGrsm;vmw,f? usif0h wfawGr½Sb d J vH;k vH;k ysufaewmawGvJ
trsm;BuD;yJ? ud,
k wf idk yf suf½o
kH m r[kwaf o;bl;? olrsm;udk tusK;d rJjh zpfatmifvJ rawmfroifw h mawGajym a[maewm
awGvJ½SdwmyJ/
'gawGukd tpd;k &rygbJ oHCmoufoufeYJ tqH;k tr ay;zkYd &myJ rvG,b f ;l ? tqH;k tjzwf cHwhJ yk*K¾d vfu
vufcrH mS r[kwbf ;l ?olwYdku ud;k ½k;d um;&m; vkycf siMf urSm? vkycf siMf urSm? 'Dawmh qH;k jzwfay;wJh yk*K¾d vfawG 'kua© &muf
csifa&mufaer,f? tckvdk tpk;d &u todtrSwf ûyxm;w,fqadk wmh omoemawmfrmS £a`E´&&jzpfomG ;zkYd ½Syd gw,f/

wpfaeYu pm½Gux f rJ mS Munfv h u dk yf gw,f? tJ't D xJrmS txufq;kH u zGUJ xm;wJh oHCmtzGUJ rSm (63)yg;
xifyg&JU? odyrf rsm;ygbl;? tJ't D zGUJ u qH;k jzwfNyD;oGm;wJh tqH;k tjzwfawG[m odyaf wmh rrsm;vSao;ygbl;? qH;k jzwf
xm;wmawGuawmh yxryg&mZdu odum© yk'af wGeYJ qH;k jzwfae&wmawGuyJ rsm;w,f? pGypf w JG mawGuvJ 'gawGeYJ
pGypf w
JG mrsm;aewmyJu;kd /
Mo0g'"r®tarG 55

ta&mtaESmrsm;,if ae&mrusbl;

q&morm;vkyw f hJ yk*K¾d vfuvJ 'Dvdk odum© yk'Bf uD;awGeYJ ajym&qk&d wm tqifajywmr[kwb f ;l ? tJ'gawGukd
ajymvkYd ½,
dS if olwYdku onf;cHcsirf S onf;cHrmS ? olUOpömu tMuyfBuD;yJ? 'Duawmh 0denf;odum© yk'ef YJ jynfph akH tmif
aeMuzkYd ? 'Davmufom owday; qH;k r&wmyJ? ta&mtaESm tquftqHrsm;,if ae&modyu f swmr[kwb f ;l ?
'Doud m© yk'ef YJ ywfoufwhJ trIawGu jzpfvmwwfw,f? 'gaMumifh olwYdk eYJ qufqw H t
hJ cgumvrSm tifrwef
owdxm;NyD; qufqMH u&w,f/

tqH;k tjzwfawGuMkd unfw

h t
hJ cg olwYdk a&maESmwJh 'umrawGu wpfa,mufom rubl;? wcsKdU ig;a,muf
txd awGU&w,f? tvsifuolwYdk taetxkid u f dk oHo,½Sad eMur,fvYdk b,fou l rS odyNf yD;rajymbl;? ud,
k [
hf mud, k f
aeMuwmyJ? tckawmh 'gawGukd ta&;,lreS ;f odMuawmh rMunfñw kd hJ vlawGua&mç omoemawmfrmS tjrifrawmfwhJ
vlawGua&m onftwkid ;f Munfrh aeMuawmhb;l ? wwfEikd o f rQ azmfxw k af jymqdv k mMuw,f? azmfajymvmvkYd
ppfaq;wJh tcgumvrSm oufaou vHak vmufaeNyDq, dk if odum© yk'½f w dS thJ wkid ;f qH;k jzwfwhJ 0denf;"d&k rf sm;u
qH;k jzwf&awmhwmyJ? oufao vH;k avmufvm,if olwYdku, kd wf idk uf vJ jiif;rjzpfawmhb;l ? 0efcMH u&awmhwmyJ?
uG,v f Ydkr&awmhb;l /

a½S;wke;f uawmh trSerf ajymwmursm;w,f? pGypf o JG u

l b,favmuf pGypf pJG yG pf JG jiif;uG,Mf uwmrsm;w,f?
jiif;uG,Nf yD; tpd;k &w&m;olBuD;awGqD ra&muf,if 'Dvadk eNrJaevku d Mf uwmyJ? tifrwef ae&mruswhJ OpömawGy?J
tvsifwek ;f u 'DrmS vmNyD; vdrv
f nfjiif;uG,w
f mawmif ½Szd ;l ao;w,f/

olu tajymawG bmawGuvJ aumif;qk;d awmh 'umç 'umrawGuvJrsm;w,f? tJ't D xJuaeNyD;awmh olu
trsK;d orD; wpfa,mufeYJ ausmif;wpfausmif;rSm aew,f? ausmif;wpfausmif;qkad wmh Xmewpfcw k nf;rSmayghav?
taqmufttHw k pfcwk nf;rSmaygh? tJ'gukd ab;urvkv d m;wJh yk*K¾d vfawGu tpd;k &Xmeudk wkid w f ,f? rvkv d m;wJh
yk*K¾d vfawGu w&m;cRwf,iG ;f wmukd rvkv d m;wmvm;? oUl udk rvkv d m;wmvm;awmh rajymwwfb;l ? wkid v f Ydk tpd;k &u
vmMunfw h t
hJ cgrSm olwYdk EpS af ,mufwnf; tcef;xJrmS awGUvkYd rYdk ar;awmh 0efrcH&if rjzpfawmhvYdk trsKd;orD;u 0efcH
w,f? 'gayr,fh oluawmh0efrcHb;l ? ayaew,f/

tJ'w
D ek ;f uawmhvJ 'Dvcdk idk cf ikd rf mrm qH;k jzwfay;Edik w
f hJ oHCmhtzGUJ awGu r½Sad o;bl;? ol[m'Dvdk vGwv
f w
G f
vyfvyfaewmyJ?'DrmS awmifa&mufvmwJt h tcga&mufvmwwfygw,f?'Duawmh olUukd oHo, ruif; ygbl;? tvsif
uMum;vJMum;zl;? 'umç 'umrawGeYJ qufqyH akH wGuv kd J jrifae&awmh oHo,ruif;bl;? awmfawmf ae&mruswhJ
yk*K¾d vfy/J

q&m;orm;taeeJY 'Dupd rö sKd;awGukd wku d ½f u

kd af jymvkYd odyt
f qifajywm r[kwb
f ;l ? tifrwef raumif;wJh
udpö jzpfaeawmh q&morm;ayr,fh jyefveS af jymcsiaf jymaerSm? olUOpöm tjypfBuD;yJ? 'gaMumifh ud, k w
f idk rf ajymbJ eJYae
w,f?tJ-tqH;k trMo0g'awGuawmhay;ygw,f? ]]tjypfuif;atmifaezkYd ? olrsm;tjypfwifz, G çf uJ&h UJ zG,rf ½Sad tmif
aezkYd ç 0denf;odum© yk'ef YJ jynfph zkH Ydk 'Davmufawmh olUudk owday;ygw,f/

pGypf w
JG hJ yk*K¾d vfawGu pGypf vJG Ydk awmfawmfem;rqefYatmif jzpfvmawmh tJ'yD *k K¾d vfawG[m ausmif;vkcd sifvYdk
pGypf MJG uwmvkYd olu vmvmajymw,f? 'gudk bke;f BuD;u bmrSrajymygbl;? r[kwb f ;l [kwwf ,fvYdk bmrSrqH;k
jzwfygbl;? aemufusawmh tJ'rD vkv d m;tyfwhJ yk*K¾d vfawGu tukev f ;kH pkNyD; zrf;wJt
h aeeJY zrf;oGm;NyD;awmh
tpd;k &Xmeudk ydYk vu dk Mf uowJ?h 'Dawmh tpd;k &Xmeu olUudk jyefrvTwb f J ta&;,lNyD; olwYkdqrD mS ac:xm;vku d f
ao;w,fvYdk qydk gw,f?'gayr,fvYdk tJ'rD mS vJou l 0efrcHbaJ eao;w,f? 'geJY 'DuolUq&mudak c:NyD; enf;enf;yg;yg;
owday;ao;w,f? ]]t½Sib f &k m;? wynfb h ,fEh ,
S af ewke;f }}vkYd ar;awmh ]]aemufawmh aumif;oGm;rSmyg}}wJ?h
olUwynfu h kd tjypfjrifyrkH &ygbl;? olUwynfh ajymwmudk ,Hak e[ef wlygw,f? onfuawmh r,Hyk gbl;/

pGypf wJG hJ ab;yk*K¾d vfawGuvJ ausmif;vkcd sifvYdk pGypf w JG ,fqw

dk m [kwrf ,fqv dk J [kwaf vmufp&mawmh
½Syd gw,f? 'gayr,fvYdk olu tjypf½adS ew,fqadk wmh 'Dvcdk &H rSmyJ? pGypf pJG &m ½Sv
d Ydk pGypf wJG mudk pGypf cJG &H wJh yk*K¾d vfrmS
b,ftjypf½v dS rd rfh mS vJ? tjypfr½Sb
d ;l aygh? aemufusawmh tpd;k &u trsKd;orD;udk ac:NyD; ppfaq;ygw,f? 'Duawmh
rodygbl;? trsKd;orD;u 0efcaH wmh olvJ jiif;uG,Ef idk yf rkH &ygbl;? aemufawmh vlxu G o f mG ;NyDvYdk qdyk gw,f/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 56

wpfa,mufwnf;qkd,if vufrcHMueJY

olu olUXmevkd r[mpnfXme? olvrJ [mpnfMo0g'cH? r[mpnf ñTeMf um;wJt h wkid ;f olu a[majym
aew,f? tJ'v D dk olu *kP, f Nl yD;awmh vkyaf ewm? 'Du vufrcHygbl;? 'Du vufccHvYdk ½,dS ifjzifh r[mpnfeYJ vJ
oufqidk af ew,fqNdk yD; tpd;k &u 'Dvmcsiv f maeOD;rSm? olUOpömawmfawmfae&mruswmyJ? tckawmh 'DvmNyD; ar;jref;
jcif;vnf; r½Syd gbl;? tJ'g ta&;BuD;ygw,f/
Ak'o
¨ moemûyyk*K¾d vfawGqw
dk m rdrw
d Ydk u,
dk w
f idk v
f J oefY½iS ;f pifMu,fzYdk ta&;BuD;w,f? oefY½iS ;f pifMu,f½ekH YJ vJ
rNyD;ao;bl;? olwpfyg;oHo, uif;atmif trsKd;orD;awGeYJ ra&mraESmzkYd uvJ ta&;BuD;ao;wmyJ? olwYdk eYJ wwfEikd f
oavmuf uif;½Si;f wmaumif;ygw,f? ur®|mef;ay;jcif;ç ur®|mef;pdppfjcif; tvkyaf wGaqmif ½Guaf ewm jzpfawmh
'gawGuawmh ½S&d rSmyJ? 'gayr,fvYdk wpfa,mufwnf;vmvkYd ½, dS if vufrcHMuygeJY? tenf;qH;k ESpaf ,muf avmuf
vmrS vufczH Ydkaumif;ygw,f? wpfa,mufwnf;vm,if vufrcHb;l vkYd ajymvku d ½f akH ygh? 'Dvadk jymvku
d ,
f if NyD;wmyJ/

'DrmS vJ &efuek af &mufpwke;f u ajym&w,f? ud,

k ef YJ t&if;tjcm jzpfaewJh 'umrqkad wmh olu 'Dukd
wpfa,mufwnf;vmw,f? 'Dawmh ]]wpfa,mufwnf;rvmcJyh geJY? tazmfeYJ vmyg}} vkYd 'Dvadk jym&w,f? tjypfwifwm
½SdaevkYd ajymwmr[kwyf gbl;? aemufawmhvmvmaerSmpd;k vkYd rawmfvYdk ajym&wmyJ? tJ'v D dk ajymxm;vku
d w
f meJY
aemufawmh ]]q&mawmfBuD;qD oGm;,ifwpfa,mufwnf; roGm;MuzkYd }} tcsif;csif; owday;oGm;MuwmygyJ/

r[kwfbJeJYvJ pGyfpGJvmwmawG jzpfay:vmwwfw,f

awmfawmfqw
D ek ;f u 'umrwpfa,mufa&mufvmao;w,f? b,furSe;f vJ rodygbl;? tpd;k &t&m½Sx d u
J
xifwmygyJ? apwemaumif;eJY vmw,fvYdk xifwmygyJ? 'Du'Dvadk jymajymvTww f mudk odrmS r[kwyf gbl;? olUukvd J
]]wpfa,mufwnf;rvmeJY? 'Du vufrcHb;l jyef}}vkYd ajymvku
d af wmh olvJ jyefomG ;wmyJ/

trsKd;orD;awGeYJ qufqw H t
Jh cg pum;ajymwJt
h cg tJ'v
D tdk cgumvawGrmS trsKd;orD;wpfa,mufwnf;eJY
rqufqw H m aumif;w,f? ESpaf ,mufo;kH a,mufawmh ½Srd ?S bke;f BuD;wpfyg;ESpyf g;½Sad e&ifvJ udprö ½Syd gbl;? aumif;yg
w,f? tJ'gb,forl S tjypfwifrmS r[kwyf gbl;? wpfa,mufcsif;qk, d ifawmh txifrmS ;p&m½Sw d ,f? rvkw d hJ yk*K¾d vf
uvJ pGypf EJG ikd w
f ,f? tJ'gukd txl;*½kpukd &f r,f/

tck qH;k jzwfae&wJh trIupd aö wGq, dk if trsKd;orD;eJY ywfoufwmawGcsnf;rsm;w,f? 'gvJ ydrk ekd ;D uyfwmu
rsm;w,f? 'djyif[mu odyrf eD;uyfb;l ? 'gaMumifh trsK;d orD;awGeYJ qufqaH &;awGukd enf;Edik o f rQ enf;atmif?
uif;Ekid o
f rQuif;atmif aewmuaumif;w,f? wcsKUd uvJ trsK;d orD;awGeYJ ajymwJt h cgumvrSm &if;ES;D odr;f oGi;f NyD;
ajymwJph um;av;awG ygwwfw,f? tJ'gvJ olrsm;u txiftjrif vGw J wfwmyJ? tJovk[ d mawGvJ rygwm
aumif;w,f? oefYoefY½iS ;f ½Si;f aeMuxkid Mf uzkYd ygyJ/

aemufvyJ J 'Dvdk cPcPowday;&rSmyJ? bmûyvkYd wek ;f qkad wmh 'Du "r®uxduxJujzpfap? ur®|mef;q&m
xJujzpfap? wpfyg;yg;udk tjypfwifp&m jzpfvmr,fq&dk if ur®|mef;w&m;awG emrnfysuu f ek rf mS pd;k &dr&f w,f?
tJ'gaMumifh tjypfuif;atmif oefY½iS ;f atmif aeMuç xkid Mf uzkYd cPcP owday;aerSjzpfrmS /

pyf&myk*d¾KvfawGukdvJ owday;Muyg

'gawGujrwfpmG bk&m; omoemawmf oefY½iS ;f wnfwhH oGm;zkYd upd yö gyJ? aumif;aumif;rGerf eG f oefYoefY
½Si;f ½Si;f aexkid o
f mG ;vkYd ½,
dS if jrwfpmG bk&m; omoemawmf[m Mum½Snw f nfwo Hh mG ;zkYd ½Syd gw,f? bke;f BuD;wkYd omoemh
&dyo
f mXmexJrmS 'Dvt dk jypfwifz, G af wG uif;atmif txl;*½kûyNyD; aeMuzkYd vkyd gw,f? tqifrajywm av;awG
enf;enf;yg;yg; Mum;aewmawmif½w dS ,f?'gukd rajymawmh rajymao;ygbl;? olUOpömnHzh sif;wJh yk*K¾d vfawmhvJ
r[kwb f ;l ? r[kwaf yr,fvYdk trsK;d orD;eJY ywfoufNyD; tqifrajywmawG owif;Mum;ae&w,f? 'Dvo dk wif;Mum;
&,ifukd aumif;wmr[kwb f ;l ? rdrw
d Ydk tNrJwrf; pifMu,fatmif txl;*½kpu
kd Mf uzkYd aumif;ygw,f/

0dyóemw&m; ususeetm;xkwx f m;vkYd jynfph akH eNyDq,

dk ifawmhvJ txl;wku d w
f eG ;f aep&mawmif rvkyd g
bl;? tJ'yD *k K¾d vfawGuawmh rwku
d w
f eG ;f vJ jynfph akH ewmygyJ? aomwmyef jzpfomG ;vkYd ½,
dS if 'd|0d pd u
d pd mä ç oDv-AÁwH
Mo0g'"r®tarG 57

y&mrmo w&m;awGtukeu f if;oGm;wm jzpfvYdkrYdk tyg,fav;yg;usa&mufaMumif; jzpfwhJ tukov kd jf zpfr,fh um,uH

0pDuaH wGvJ uif;oGm;awmhwmyJ? tyg,fav;yg;usavmufwhJ 'Dvrdk aumif;rIawGukd ûyvkw d hJ pdwu f rkd ½Sd awmhb;l ?
olU[mol uif;oGm;w,f? q&morm; qH;k rvkYd r[kwb f ;l ? olU[moluif;wm? olU[molukd pifMu,faewm?
tJ'v
D jdk zpfzYdk ta&;BuD;ygw,f/

tJ'gawG rdrw
d Ykd vk&d ma&mufatmif pGpJ NJG rJNrJtm;xkwf ½Irw
S Mf uzkYd wynfah wmfu owday;ygw,f? 'gavmuf
ygyJ?aemuf ajymp&m½S, d ifvJ ajymMuyg?tm;rem&ygbl;? NyD;awmh tckajymcJw h t hJ xJ rygao;vkYd rMum;rod wJh
yk*K¾d vfawGuvkd nf; pyf&mpyf&myk*K¾d vfawGu ajymMum;owday;Muyg? tif;-ajymcsifwmav; wpfcak wmh ½Sad o; w,f?
tckrS ay:vmw,f reufreuf bk&m;0wfwufwhJ udpyö gyJ/

reufreuf bk&m;0wfwufwt hJ csed rf mS vmEkid af tmifêud;pm;Muyg? bk&m;0wfwufvmwJh yk*K¾d vfu odyef nf;
aeygw,f? reufq&dk if av;yg;ç ig;yg;avmufyJ ½Sw d ,f? reufapmapm bmtvkyrf S r½Sb d ;l qk,d if bk&m; ½Scd ;dk ç
y&dw½f w
G çf arwåmydYk tJ'gawGvJ ukov kd tf xl;yGm;rsm;wmygyJ? tNrJwrf; y&dw½f w G w f muvJ y&dw½f w G f p&m ½Sd,if
rvk&d atmif y&dwaf usatmif tNrJwrf;½Gwaf y;aewmyg? tJ'gvJ (15) rdepfavmufom tcsdeMf umygw,f? odyrf Mum
ygbl;? tJ'gNyD;vkYd ½,
dS if w&m;½Irw
S w f mu (45) rdepfavmufyJ ½Sw d ,f? eHeufyikd ;f rSm tJ'aD vmufawmh ½Irw S Nf yD;
aeYv,fydkif; naeydkif;rSm tcsdef&vkdY½Sd,if ½So d avmuf ½Irw S Mf uzdYk ygyJ? 'djyif tcsdeaf wGrmS tcsderf &bl; qk,
d ifawmif
rS tck 'DeeH uf (45) rdepfavmufawmh ½Irw S Ef idk af tmif êud;pm;Muyg/

ukov kd w
f &m;awG yGm;rsm;onfxuf yGm;rsm;atmif tm;xkwjf cif;jzifh rdrw
d Ydk tvk½d t
dS yfwhJ r*fÓPfç zkv
d Ó
f Pf
edAmÁ efukd vsijf refpmG rsuaf rSmufûyEdik Mf uygap/

om"k-om"k-om"k-/

1342-ck? e,kefvuG,faeY
Mo0g'uxma'oem

udk,fusifhw&m;eJYvJ jynfhpHk Munfñdkatmifae&w,f

&[ef;qkw
d m ouFe;f r½kb H J oGm;wmwkYd ? yGvJ rf;obifMunf½h w I mwkYd ? ûrdUxJ aps;xJomG ; aps;0,fwm
a&mif;wmwkYd ? tJ'v
D dk rawmfroifwh mawGukd rûyrvkyo f ifyh gbl;? tJ'gawGukd Edik if jH cm;yk*K¾d vfawGu tjypfwif ajymqkd
Muw,fqw dk m Mum;&w,f? ajymvJ ajymp&myJ? ae&mrusbu J ;kd ? 'DrmS w&m;vmNyD; tm;xkwMf uwJh yk*K¾d vfawG
a½S;wke;f u cRwf,iG ;f wm½S,
d ifawmif 'Du jyefomG ;,ifawmh tJ'gawGrvkyMf uygeJY/
'DrmS awmh ausmif;uxGuv f Ydk ½,
dS if ouFe;f ½Ho
k mG ;&r,fqw dk m MumygNyD? tckrrS [kwyf gbl;? [dak ½S;wke;f u
Mo0g'ygyJ? ur®|mef;w&m; tm;rxkwcf ifuwnf;u ud, k q
hf v
D mNyD; tqH;k tr Mo0g'cHwhJ yk*K¾d vfq,
dk if 'Dv½dk NkH yD;
oGm;Mu&ygw,f? 'Dvo dk uFe;f ½HNk yD; oGm;wm[m odyv f 0J efav;wJh udprö [kwyf gbl;? 'gayr,fvYdk 'gu tifrwef
ta&;BuD;ygw,f/

0denf;eJY qefYusifwmawG rjyKoifhbl;

tckaetcgrSmawmh tqifrajywmawG½, dS if pGypf w

JG hJ yk*K¾d vfu pGypf NJG yD; qH;k jzwfwt hJ zGUJ u ac:NyD; ppfaq;
qH;k jzwfMu? tJ'gawG½wdS ,f? tJ'aD wmh 'DrmS 0denf;eJYqefYusifwhJ trIawGukd ûyvkYd rawmfygbl;? 'DrmS 'Dvdk vkyv f Ydk ½,dS if
ur®|mef;w&m;udyk g xdcu kd o
f mG ;rSmygyJ? w&m;tm;xkwzf ;l wJh yk*K¾d vfq, dk if w&m;jynfph o kH nfjzpfap? rjynfph o kH nf
jzpfap? 0denf;eJYqefYusifraI wG ûyvkYd rawmfygbl;? 0denf;eJYqefYusifwmawGukd ûyvkYd ½, dS if tjypfwif½o k H mrubl;?
bke;f BuD; wkYd a[maewJh bk&m;w&m;awmfawGuykd g tjypfwifz, G &f m jzpfvmr,f/

wcsKdUu tpuwnf;u ur®|mef;w&m;awGukd vkv d m;wmwJh tjypfwifaewmawG½ydS gw,f? tckvJ ½Sad e

wmygyJ? 'gayr,fvYdk olwYdk rvkv
d m;vkYd pGypf w
JG t
hJ wkid ;f 'Domoemh&yd o
f mrSm rawmfroifûh ywJh yk*K¾d vfuawmh r½Sd
oavmufaeygvdrrfh ,f? bmjzpfvYdkvq J adk wmh pdwaf umif;ESv;kH aumif;eJY w&m;vmtm;xkwaf eMuwJh yk*K¾d vfawGy?J
Mo0g'"r®tarG 58

w&m;vmtm;xkww f hJ yk*K¾d vfqw dk m oDvysufaevkYd ½,

dS if ur®|mef;w&m;udk b,ftm;xkwv f Ydk jzpfrmS wke;f ? &[ef;
qkNd yD; &[ef;oDvysufaevkYd ½, dS if &[ef;tjzpfeYJ ur®|mef; tm;xkwv f Ydk bmw&m;rS&rSmr[kwbf ;l ? oDv0do'k ¨d jzpfrS
pdw0å o d 'k j¨d zpfw,f? pdw0å o
d 'k j¨d zpfrS ÓP'óe0do'k j¨d zpfw,f? ÓPftjrifpifMu,fwm/

'gawGu&kd [ef;usif0h wfeYJ tm;xkwaf eMuwJyh *k K¾d vfawGvo

J Md urSmjzpfvYdk ½½kd akd oaousifo h ;kH NyD;tm;xkwaf eMu-
wmjzpfrmS ygyJ? i,fi,fwek ;f u cRw, f iG ;f rdvYdk ½Svd m,ifvJ oDvpifMu,fatmif ûyvkyNf yD;rS vmMuwmu
rsm;ygvdrrfh ,f? yg&mZdutxd usL;vGerf w d mqk, d ifawmh vl0wfvNJ yD;tm; xkwEf idk yf gw,f? tJ'aD wmh oDv0do'k ¨d
jzpfzYdk [m tifrwef ta&;BuD;ygw,f? tJ'v D dk pifMu,fatmif aqmufwnfusifo h ;kH vkYd ½S,
d ifawmh i,fi,fwek ;f u
cRwf,iG ;f cJzh ;l ayr,fv
h Ydk olrsm; tjypfwifp&m r½Syd gbl;/

'gaMumifh &efuek o f moemh&yd o

f mrSm apmapmua&mufaeMuwJh yk*K¾d vfawGa&m? tckraS &mufvmwJh yk*K¾d vf
awGa&m jrwfpmG bk&m;tqH;k treJY nDnñ D w
G ñf w
G af eMuzkYd ta&;BuD;ygw,f? olrsm;awGtjypf rwif&atmif aeMuzkYd
ygyJ/ ruJ&h UJ atmif tjypfuif;atmifaeMuzkYd txl;owday;ygw,f/

wpfa,mufwnf; rvmap&bl;

taetxkid f ae&mrus,if tpGyt f pGcJ &H wwfw,f? wcsKdUr[kwb f eJ YJ pGypf w

JG mawGv½J wdS myJ? [kwaf vmufvYdk
pGypf w
JG mawGvJ ½Sw d myJ? pGypf pJG &m bmrQr½Sbd eJ YJ rvkv
d Ydk pGypf w
JG ,fq,dk ifawmh pGypf q JG dk yk*K¾d vfrmS tjypfjzpf½çkH
tukov kd jf zpf½rkH QygyJ?olrsm;awG txiftjrifvpJG &m'umrawGeYJ eD;pyfvYdk ½, dS if odyaf e&mrusbl;aygh? ud, k u
f
pifMu,faeayr,fv h Ydk ab;utxif tjrifvpJG &mawGjzpfatmif raeoifyh gbl;? taetxkid af e&mrus,if pGypf cJG sif
olawGu pGypf MJG urSmyJ/

onfuawmh rmwk*grawGeYJ a&maESmwJt h vkyf r½Syd gbl;? a½S;uwnf;uygyJ? tckrS r[kwyf gbl;? 'umrawG
wpfa,mufwnf;vmvkYd ½&dS if bke;f BuD;u vufrcHygbl;? 'Dvv dk ufc,H if olrsm;u txifvcJG sif vGEJ ikd w
f ,f?
ESpaf ,muf oH;k a,mufq,
dk ifawmh txifvpJG &mr½Syd gbl;? rawmfroifw h mvJ ajymvkYd rjzpfEidk b
f ;l /

'gaMumifh 'umrawGvm,if tenf;qH;k ESpaf ,mufavmuf vm&r,f? wpfa,mufwnf;awmh rvm&bl;vkYd

'Dvdk ajymxm;ygw,f? &efuek f omoemh&yd o f mudk a&mufpuwnf;u 'Dvadk jymxm;ygw,f? 'Dvdk ajymxm;wmjzpfvYdk
a,m*DawGa&m? a0,sm0pöaqmif½u G o f al wGa&m 'DrmS wpfa,mufwnf;qk,
d if rvmMuygbl;? vmwJt h cgumvrSm
tazmf'umrawGeYJ jzpfap 'umawGeYJ jzpfap 'Dvv dk mMuwmygyJ/

tJ'g[m b,forl S uJ&h UJ p&mr½Sb

d ;l ? bmrSpyG pf pJG &mvJ r½Sb
d ;l ? 'DrmS vmNyD; w&m;tm;xkww
f hJ yk*K¾d vfawGvyJ J
'DrmS aewJt
h cgjzpfjzpf? wjcm;rSmaewJh tcgrSmyJjzpfjzpf tJ'eD nf;twkid ;f usifw h m[m taumif;qH;k ygyJ? PifvpJ if
Mu,fw,f tjypfvu J if;w,f/

w&m;qkv d êJ ud;êud;pm;pm; tm;xkwMf uzkYd ta&;BuD;ygw,f? ayghayghavsmah vsmh raeMuzkYd ? omoemawmfrNDS yD;
oDvç orm"dç ynmtusifah wGukd aumif;aumif;usifMh uzkYd ? aumif;aumif;usiNhf yD; w&m;xl;awG &atmif tm;xkwf
MuzkYd ta&;BuD;ygw,f/

rjynfhpHkwJhyk*d¾KvfawG½Sdw,f

tcsKdUu omoemawmfrmS aew,fqadk yr,fh oDvawmifjynfph akH tmif rusifb h aJ ewJh yk*K¾d vfawG½wdS ,f?
tJ'gae&mrusbl;? oDvjynfph ½kH o kH mru orm"duv dk J xku d w
f efoavmufawmh usiOhf ;D rSaumif;w,f? edAmÁ efa&mufzYdk
qkad wmh 0dyóemudv k J usifo h ;kH rSyaJ umif;w,f? ud, k u
f jynfph akH tmifrusifbh J olwpfyg;udk usifzh Ydk ur®|mef;
w&m;awGukd a[majymaewmawGvJ ½Sad o;w,f? ud, k uf ur®|mef;tvkyu f kd tvkyzf ;l bJeYJ olwpfyg;udk a[majym
aewmudk pOf;pm;Munfrh ,fq, dk ifawmh vku d ef m&r,fh yk*K¾d vfawGtwGuf b,fae&musyghrvJ? olwpfyg;u uJ&h UJ zG,f
jzpfaerSmaygh?'Dvu
dk &hJ UJ zG,rf jzpf&atmifpyG pf jJG ypfwifz,G u f if;atmif aexkid tf m;xkwMf uzkYd txl;wku d w
f eG ;f vkyd gw,f/

NyD;awmh pD;yGm;a&;eJYywfoufNyD; aiGwYdkbmwkYd awmif;wm? tvªcw

H mawG[m rawmfygbl;? 'gawGukd tvkv d dk
vªwmawmifrS aiGukd tvªcw H mtjypfruif;ygbl;? a½S;t|uxmrSm vmwJt h wkid ;f ]]e0ur®óa'r}}qk,
d if e0ur®
Mo0g'"r®tarG 59

udv
k wª myJ? bke;f BuD;udk vªwmr[kwb f ;l ? tjypfr½db
S ;l qkNd yD; vufcMH uwm[m tjypfruif;ygbl;? omoem a&;udpö
udk aqmif½u G af eMuwJh e0ur®eYJ wyl gw,f/

tJ'g pifMu,fatmifqv dk Ydk ½,

dS ifjzifh ud, k w f idk t
f vªrcH&bl;? aiGwYdk a½TwYdk ayghav? tckacwfu trsm;tm;jzifh
aiGvyJ v J Mª uw,f? a½Tvw ª ,fvYdk w,fr½Syd gbl;? tJ'D a½TwYdk aiGwYdk udk tvªrcH&bl;? edó*d¾ yxrydik ;f aemufq;kH
odum© yk'rf mS ynwfxm;w,f? &[ef;udk &nfñeT ;f NyD;awmh rif;u jzpfap? tjcm;wpfpkH wpfa,mufom yk*K¾d vfujzpfap
rnfonf&h [ef;udk ouFe;f zk;d oGm;vªvu dk yf gvkYd cdik ;f wJt
h cgumvrSm wm0ef½o dS u l aiGvmvª,if bke;f BuD;wkYd rmS
aiGtvªrcHb;l vkYd ajym&w,f? 'umu ]]'gjzifh uyd, Ü ½Syd govm;}}vkYd ar;,if ½Swd u hJ yd,
Ü udk bke;f BuD;u ñTe&f w,f?
'umu uyd, Ü xH tyfENHS yD;awmh ]]t½Sib f &k m; ñTeMf um;wJh uyd, Ü xHrmS aiGtyfEx HS m;cJyh gw,f? tJ'u
D yd,
Ü rSm
t½Sib f &k m;wkYd vkw d yhJ pön;f udk awmif;cHMuyg}}vkYd tJ'v D dk ajymMum;wJt
h cg vk&d mypön;f udk awmif;cH oH;k aqmif
Ekid af Mumif;jzifh ñTeMf um;ynwfxm;w,f? tJ'rD mS vk&d mypön;f udk awmif;,l&w,f? aiGuakd wmh oGm;rawmif; &bl;/

edó*d¾tmywfoifhw,f

wcsKdUaiGawGukd ud,k w
f idk f xde;f odr;f xm;wmawG½w dS ,f? tJ'gawG[m tqifrajyygbl;? a[mMum;xm;wJh
twkid ;f uyd, Ü xHtyfwhJ ypön;f udk awmif;cH,&l w,f? awmif;cHvYdk wpfBudref YJ r&,if oH;k Budrw f idk af tmif awmif;cH
Edik w
f ,f? 'Dvrkd rS &ao;,if EIwuf rajymbJ oH;k Budro f mG ;NyD;awmh uyd,Ü qDukd &yf&w,f? 'Dvrdk rS &,ifawmh tvª½iS f
xHrmS r&aMumif; oGm;NyD; ajymEdik w f ,f? 'Dvrdk [kwbf J tjcm;enf;eJYawmif;,if tvªc, H if edó*dt ¾ mywfoifyh u
kH kd
jyxm;w,f/

tJ'aD 'oemawmftwkid ;f qk, d if tifrwef oefY½iS ;f ygw,f? wcsKdU aiGvw ª yhJ *k K¾d vfu 0w¬KaiGrS jzpfay:
vwHUå aom &[ef;awmfwYdk tm;tyfaom vk&d mypön;f rsm;udk vªw,fq, dk ifawmh olwYdk twGuv f J pifMu,fygw,f?
bk&m;ypön;f a&mç qGr;f ç ouFe;f ç ausmif;ç aq;a&m? xD;zdeyfa&m bmrqk&d Ekid w f myJ? tJ't D wkid ;f awmif;NyD;awmh
oH;k aqmif&w,f? 0w¬KaiGay;vku d yf g? b,foUl qD ay;vku d pf rf;yg ponfjzifh ajymvkYd ½, dS if edó*dy¾ gpdwf tmywfoifh
edik yf gw,f? tJ'v D dk ajymvkYd awmh rjzpfb;l ? olrsm;udk vªvu dk yf gvkYd awmh ajymoifw h thJ cg ajym&wmyJ? vªcsifvYdk ½, dS if
rajymvkYd rjzpfb;l / tJ'gu olwpfyg;oH;k aqmifzYdk twGuf ñTeMf um;&wm? tJ'v D dk rñTeMf um;bJ ud, k w f idk f tJ'yD pön;f
awGuq dk rG ;f uyfzYdk ? &[ef;awmfrsm;toH;k uswJh ypön;f vªzYkd 'Dvñ dk eT Mf um;&wmawGvJ ½Syd gw,f? a'oem awmftwkid ;f
vku d ef mzkYd tifrwefaumif;ygw,f? tJ't D wkid ;f vku
d ef m,if olrsm;tjypfwifp&m r½Syd gbl;? NyD;awmh 'umrawGeYJ
a&maESmraebl;? qufqrH aebl;qk, d ifvJ olrsm;u tjypfwifp&mr½Syd gbl;/

,ckumvrSm tcsKdUyk*K¾d vfawGu tJ'OD pömypön;f awGukd vufcNH yD; 0,fMuç a&mif;Mu ud, k w
f idk rf [kwaf omfvJ
eD;pyfwhJ 'umç 'umrawGukd ta&mif;ckid ;f NyD; aps;qkid zf iG ?hf 'Dvv dk yk af ewmawG½w
dS ,f? 'gawG[m &[ef;awmfrsm;
rûyaumif;wJt h rIawGy?J tJ'v D dk trIawGuv
kd J tckawmh ppfaq; ar;jref;aew,fqw dk mudk Mum;od&w,f? 'gaMumifh
'D&efuek f omoemh&yd o f m rSmvmNyD;awmh w&m;tm;xkww f hJ yk*K¾d vfawG[m 0denf;eJY pyfwhJ tjypfawGvJ uif;atmif
êud;pm;NyD;awmh usifBh uHtm;xkwMuyg? 0denf;rSm ta&;BuD;qH;k jzpfwhJ yg&mZdueJYpyfwhJ qufqaH &;awGvJ uif;atmif
aeMuygvkYd txl;wku d w f eG ;f ygw,f/

tJ'v
D dk wku d w
f eG ;f wJt
h wkid ;f tm;xkwMf ujcif;jzifh aus;Zl;rsm;zkYd ygyJ? 'Dvrdk [kwv f Ydk ½&dS if oufqidk &f mXmeu
tppfaq;cH&r,f? apm'uuar;wm pHpk rf;wm? pHpk rf;vkYd aocsmNyDq, dk if tJ'&D [ef;ukv d J zrf;? zrf;NyD;awmh
0depd ,
ä XmerSmwifr,f? tJ'u D xyfar;vkYd trIxif½mS ;,if trI½w dS t
hJ wkid ;f cH&ygvdrrhf ,f? tJ'vD dk ppfaq;vkdY ay:ayguf
vmwJh yg&mZduusL;vGew f hJ yk*K¾d vfawGqv dk Ydk ½,
dS if 63-yg;awmif qH;k jzwfpmawGxrJ mS [dw k ek ;f u awGU& w,f?
tckaemufxyf b,favmufrsm;aer,f rodb;l ?tJ't D xJrmS wcsKdU awmfawmfbek ;f BuD;wJyh *k K¾d vfawG ygw,f?
awmfawmfae&mruswmyJ? tJ'aD wmh ud, k v
f J tjypfuif;atmifu, kd ef YJ pyfwhJ q&morm;awGvrJ xdcu kd af tmif êud;pm;
NyD;awmh usifBh uHtm;xkwMf uzdYk wkud w f eG ;f ygw,f/

,ck 0gqkv d qef; 7-&ufaeY ÓPfpOfa[mNyD;,if 8-&uf? 9-&ufaeYawGrmS 0grqdw k yhJ *k Kd¾ vfawG jyefMu
zkYd ygyJ? 'DrmS 0gqkad e,ifvyJ aJ eoifw
h hJ *kPt
f *FgeJY jynfph rkH jS zpfr,f? txl;tm;jzifah wmh a½S;wke;f u odum© 0gBuD;BuD;
yk*K¾d vfawGuykd J 'Du vufcyH gw,f? 0gi,fwhJ 'kvb ’ wkYd bmwkYd q, dk if odyv
f ufrcHygbl;? olU&ufeYJ ol cPaewJh
'kvq ’ &dk ifawmhvJ vufc&H wmayghav? wpf0gwGi;f vH;k aer,fq&kd ifvJ vufco H if,
h if vufc&H wmyJ? w&m;udk
vkv d vdk m;vm; ½k½d adk oaoeJY wu,ftm;xkwaf ew,fq, dk ifv-J 'guawmh ur®|mef;ppf aeMuwJh q&mawmfu
Mo0g'"r®tarG 60

odaewmyJ? tJ'q D &mawmfuae oifw h ,fvYdk axmufcw H hJ yk*K¾d vfq,

dk if vufc&H rSmyJ? raeoifb
h ;l qk,
d ifawmh
vufcvH Ydk rjzpfb;l aygh? tJ-0grqk&d r,fh yk*K¾d vfawGq,
dk if 0gqkv
d qef; 10-&uftwGi;f jyefMuzkYd ygyJ/

tck 0gwGi;f usawmh 0gqkyd al Zmfyt JG aeeJY yifv

h w
ª mawG½w
dS ,f? 'DûrdUxJu 40-ausmaf vmufeYJ ûrdUjyifuygyJ
30-ausmfavmuf? 'DrmS 0gqkyd *k K¾d vf 100-ausmfavmuf½ydS gw,f? tckawmh tJ'aD vmufr½Sb d ;l vkYd Mum;od&w,f?
tjyifu yk*K¾d vfawGqw
dk mu a,m*Da[mif;awGygyJ? tJ'g vªoifv h xª u
dk wf hJ yk*K¾d vfawG a,m*Dr[kww f mawGvJ
enf;enf;yg;yg;awmh ygygw,f/

jrwfpmG bk&m;qH;k rawmfrw l hJ tqH;k trtwkid ;f ususee tm;xkwNf yD;awmh olrsm;tjypfwifz, G v

f J uif;atmif?
rdrw
d Ydk rmS oDvtjynft h 0½Sad om ukov kd w
f &m;awGvJ yGm;rsm;atmif tm;xkwo f mG ;MuzkYd ygyJ? þuJoh Ykd tm;xkwf
jcif;tm;jzifh rdrw d Ydk tvk½d t
dS yfaom aumif;usKd; csrf;om r*Fvmtaygif;ESihf jynfph MkH uygap/

1342-ck? 0gqkdvjynfhaeY
Mo0g'uxma'oem

pifMu,foefY½Sif;zkdY ta&;BuD;w,f
(q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf wynfah ,m*D yk*K¾d vfwYdktwGuf aea&; xkid af &; udpEö iS hf pyfívnf;aumif;?
w&m;tm;xkwaf &;ESihf pyfívnf;aumif;? tvsOf;oifí h tcGio
hf ifw
h idk ;f tBudrBf udrf txyfxyf owday;awmf
rljcif;jzifh jrwfpmG bk&m; omoemawmfudk rñd;I EGr;f apvkad om o'¨gçqE´jyif;jyaMumif;rSm xif½mS ;vSonf/ aeYw&m;yGJ
wGif wpfBudro f wday; a[mMum;NyD;í naeydik ;f wpfBudrf xyfí owday;w&m;jzifh Mo0g'pum; >rufMum; awmfrl
ygonf)

'umç 'umrawGeJY eD;pyfaewmjzpfawmh ydkNyD; *½kpdkufzkdYvkdw,f

t½Sib f &k m;wkYd tck pGypf rJG aI wG[m [kwv f Ydk pGypf rJG aI wGvyJ gEkid w
f ,f? tcsif;csif;rvkv d Ydk r[kwrf rSef pGypf rJG rI sKd;
awGvJ ygaumif;ygvdrrfh ,f? tpGyt f pGcJ &H avmufwhJ taMumif;½Sv d Ydk jzpfrmS yJ? taetxkid f ae&mrusvkYd ,ifvJ jzpfr,f?
&[ef;usif0h wfudk ½k½d adk oaorusifb h J r[kww f mawGukd avQmufvyk af evkYd ,ifvjJ zpfw,f? wcsKdUu tusift h ae
txkid f aumif;ayr,fvYdk tcsif;csif; qufq&H musawmh vkad ewwfMuw,f? tJ'v D dk qk,
d ifvJ tpGyt f pGcJ &H wwfw,f?
0denf; a'oemawmfeYJ rnDyJ rmwk*grawGeYJ ta&mtaESmrsm;NyD;awmh pD;yGm;a&;awG vkyaf eMuwmawGvnf; ½Sw d ,f?
tJ'v
D dk yk*K¾d vfawGvnf; tpGyt f pGcJ &H rSmyJ/

tJ'aD wmh r[mpnfomoemh&yd o f mu yk*K¾d vfawG txl;*½kpu kd Nf yD; aeMuzkYd ta&;BuD;ygw,f? r[mpnf
&dyo f mu "r®uxduawGusawmh w&m;a[maeMu&vkYd 'umç 'umrawGeYJ eD;pyfNyD;awmhaew,f? olwYdkukd qH;k r
ñTeMf um;aeMu&wmjzpfawmh reD;pyfvYdkuvnf; rjzpfb;l ? olwYdkeYJ ruif;bl;? tJ'g olrsm;txiftjrif rvGaJ tmif
aewwfzYdk ta&;BuD;ygw,f? oefYoefY½iS ;f ½Si;f qufqv H Ykd ½,
dS ifawmh ta&;rBuD;ygbl;? roefYr½Si;f qufqH
vkYd ½,
dS ifawmhjzifh tjypfv½J rdS ,f? tjypfr½Sad wmifrS ab;u tjrifrawmf,if pGypf pJG &mjzpfEidk w f ,f? tJ'v
D dk pGypf pJG &m
jzpfvYdk pGypf rJG mS vJ pd;k &dr&f wmyJ? 'gaMumifh omoema&;eJY ywfoufNyD; olrsm; txiftjrifvrJG mS awG rawmfroifh
wmawG rjzpfatmif aexkid Mf uzkYd ta&;BuD;ygw,f/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 61

apmapmydkif;u r½Sdao;bl;

omoemawmfukd av;av;pm;pm;eJY aqmif½u G af eMuwmawGvJ ½Syd gw,f? tJ'gawGuawmh aumif;ygw,f?

omoemawmfBuD;yGm;zkYd ? omoemawmf oefY½iS ;f zkYd y?J 'gayr,fvYdk aemufusawmh rvkw d hJ yk*K¾d vfawGu [du
k pGypf ?JG
'DupGypf eJG YJ ½Iyaf xG;NyD; r[kww
f ma&m [kww
f ma&m ygukerf mS udk pd;k &dr&f w,f/

tck omoemh&yd o f mrSmvmNyD; tm;xkwaf eMuwJh yk*K¾d vfawG[m jrwfpmG bk&m; tqH;k trawmftwkid ;f usiBhf uH
tm;xkwNf yD; aexkid Mf uzkYd y?J bk&m;vufxufawmfuqk, d if pçumpwH;k u w&m;tm;xkww f hJ yk*K¾d vfcsnf;yJ? tvGwf
aexkid w
f hJ yk*K¾d vfr½Sad o;bl;? aemufyikd ;f usawmh w&m;tm;xkww f m r[kwbf J bk&m;w&m;udk avhvmwJh yk*K¾d vfawG
ay:aygufvmMuw,f/

tpwH;k u r½Sad yr,fvYdk aemufusawmh y&d,wdcå snf;tm;xkwNf yD;awmh oifMum;avhvmrIawG ½Sv d mw,f?
pmoifwu dk Bf uD;awG t&yf&yfrmS ½Sad ewmyJ? y&d,wdo å ifMum;½H?k oDvjynfph kH ½Hek YJ awmh bk&m;tvkad wmfus
rjzpfao;bl;? orm"dawGç ynmawGjynhpf akH tmif tm;xkwOf ;D rS? tJ'v D dk tm;xkwzf Ydk vv
J ykd gw,f? wcsKdU &[ef;ûyNyD;
pmayawGeYJ tcsed u f ek af ewmyJ?wcsKUd awmhvnf;pmayawmifaumif;aumif;oifwmr[kwb f ;l ?tJ'guawmhw,fae&mrus
bl;aygh/

wcsKUd u pmayawGrwwfwmr[kwb f ;l ? wwfygw,f? pmayawGwwfNyD; olrsm;awGuakd wmh Mo0g'ay;aewm

yJ? ud,
k w
f idk u
f awmhjzpfatmif bmrS tm;rxkwb f ;l ? 'Dvedk YJ yJ tcsdeaf wGuek af ew,f? 'gvJyrJ awmfvb
S ;l ? Pmay
wwfatmif oifMum;NyD;awmh orm"dç ynmtwGuv f J qufvuf tm;xkwEf idk , f if aumif;ygw,f/

tck 'DrmS tm;xkww f yhJ *k K¾d vfawG êud;êud;pm;pm; tm;xkwMf uzkYd ygyJ? ayghayghqqjzpfapvkYd rawmfb;l ?
ayghayghqqqk, d ifawmh pD;yGm;a&; oabmqefaew,f? 'DrmS aeNyD; csr;f omcsiv f Ydk? jynfph o
kH ifwh mawG jynfph ckH sifvYdk
qkwd hJ &nf½, G cf suef YJ vmaeovkjd zpfaer,f? tJ'v D dk jzpfapvkYd rawmfb;l ? êud;êud;pm;pm; tm;xkwrf aS umif;w,f?
ta[mif;jzpfwhJ yk*K¾d vfawGvyJ J ayghayghqq csnf;aevkYd odyrf aumif;bl;? tcsdet f cg&vkYd ½,
dS if ta[mif;jzpfwhJ
yk*K¾d vfawGvJ ud, k w
hf &m;av;eJYu,kd f ½Irw S yf mG ;rsm;aezkYd vkyd gw,f? tcsde½f o
dS avmufaygh/

bk&m;0wfwwfzkdYvJ vkdygw,f
naecif; wpfBudr?f eHeufcif; wpfBudr?f bk&m;0wfwwfzYdk owfrw S xf m;ygw,f? eHeufcif;rSmawmhjzifh
[drk mS vmNyD; bk&m;0wfwufzYdk? bk&m;a[mwJh w&m;awmfawGukd ½Gwzf wfyal ZmfMu&w,f? ½Gwzf wfyal Zmfwmudk odyf
tcsderf Mum&atmif 15-rdepfavmufeYJ NyD;atmif owfrw S x
f m;wmygyJ? bk&m;½Scd ;dk wm[mvJ wkw d ydk J vkyxf m;
ygw,f/ w&m;tm;xkww f hJ tcsdeaf wG rsm;rsm;&atmifvYdk 45-rdepfavmuf tcsde,
f x l m;ygw,f? tJ'g eHeufyikd ;f awmh
vma&mufNyD; tm;xkwMf uzkYd ta&;BuD;ygw,f? tdyaf ysmfaewmeJY rEk;d wmeJY rvmMuwJh yk*K¾d vfawGvJ ½Sw d ,f? eD;pyfwhJ
yk*K¾d vftcsif;csif; Ed;I zkYd pDpOfxm;p&maumif;ygw,f? 'Davmufawmh tcsif;csif; aqmif½u G Mf uzkYd ygyJ/

aeYv,ftcsdet f m;vkYd ½, dS if usef;rma&;aumif;atmiftyd zf Ydk &m tcsdeaf wG½ydS gw,f?naeydik ;f usawmhvJ bk&m;
0wfwwfzYdk eYJ bk&m;0wfwwfwhJ tcgrSmvJ ½Gwo f ifw
h hJ a'oemawmfav;awGukd ½Gwzf Ydk ygyJ? 'Dv½dk w G jf cif;jzifh
A[kowk jzpfygw,f? y&dwu f v dk J rMumrMum ½Gwaf evkYd ½, dS if y&dwaf wG tukev f ;kH &aerSmjzpfvYdk ½Gwpf &m½Sw d t
hJ cg
tqifajyatmif ½GwEf idk w
f ,f? 'Dvrdk [kw, f if tqifrajybJ w&m;tm;xkwzf Ydk ? tJ'rD mS tcsdeef nf;aeovm;awmh
rajymwwfb;l ? &oavmufayghav? tJ'v D dk tm;xkwMf uzkYd ygyJ/

tckaetcgrSm olrsm;ajymp&mr½Sad tmifrrd w d Ydk u taetxkid af wGoefYoefY½iS ;f ½Si;f eJY tjypfuif;atmif

pifMu,fatmif aeMuxkid Mf uzkYd vkyd gw,f? txl;tm;jzifq h ,
dk if rmwk*grawGeYJ a&maESmeD;pyfNyD;awmh raezkYd ta&;
BuD;ygw,f? tckawmh txl;ajymp&mr½Syd gbl;? owday;wJt h aeeJY ajym&wmygyJ/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 62

wpfa,mufwnf; vmrar;wm aumif;w,f

'DrmS vJ a½S;wke;f uwpfa,mufwnf;aeNyD; 'umç 'umrawGeYJ a&maESmwJh yk*K¾d vfr½Syd gbl;? wpfO;D wpfa,muf
wnf; qk, d ifjzifh 'umç 'umrawGeYJ a&maESmraewmbJ aumif;ygw,f? olwYdku ar;p&mç jref;p&m½Sv d Ydk ar;jref;
ayr,fvYdk wpfa,mufwnf;awmh vmrar;wmaumif;w,f? ud, k u
f ajymp&mç qH;k rp&m ½S, d ifvJ wpfa,mufwnf;
ac:NyD; ajymqkd qH;k rvkYd ae&mrusbl;? ab;u yk*K¾d vfawG txiftjrifvrJG ,fqdk vGpJ &m½Sw d ,f? ½k;d ½k;d wef;wef;
a[majymaeayr,fvYdk ab;u txifrmS ;NyD; pGypf pJG &mtaMumif;½Swd ,f? tJ'gawGvJ *½kpu kd Nf yD; tqifajyatmif
aeMuç xkid Mf uzkYd ygyJ/
&[ef;awmfrsm;rSm 0denf;odum© yk'ef YJ pyfNyD; tjypfuif;atmif txl; *½kpu kd u f sifMh uzkYd ta&;BuD;ygw,f?
0dyóem½IrwS af evkYd ½S,
d ifawmh 0denf; odum© yk'ef YJ pyfvYkd pifMu,foefY½iS ;f aeawmhwmygyJ? tJ'g êud;pm;NyD; ½Irw S f
tm;xkwaf eMuzkYd ygyJ? w&m;tm;xkww f hJ enf;udak wmh aeYv,fu a[mNyD;vkYd jynfph o kH ifo
h avmuf jynfph o kH mG ;ygNyD?
w&m;emwJh &[ef;awmfawGvJ tm;vH;k w&m;emvmMuwm aumif;ygw,f? tm;vH;k em;rvnfp&m r½Syd gbl;/
tifrwef ½Sif;ygw,f/

jrwfpmG bk&m;tqH;k tr Mo0g'twkid ;f usifo

h ;kH tm;xkwjf cif;jzifh rdrw
d Ydk tvk½d t
dS yfaom w&m;xl;ç w&m;jrwf
awGeYJ jynfph MkH uygap/

om"k-om"k-om"k-/

1342-ck? 0gqkdvuG,faeY
Mo0g'uxma'oem

atmufajcu oDvta&;BuD;w,f

jrwfpmG bk&m; omoemawmfeYJ awGUêuHae&wJt h cg umvrSm bk&m;tqH;k trawmftwkid ;f vku d ef mNyD;awmh

usifBh uHaexkid zf Ydk ta&;BuD;ygw,f? Ak'b
¨ mom0ifawGjzpfwhJ tavsmuf bk&m;w&m;awmfawgudk tav;teuf
xm;NyD; usiBhf uH&r,f? wcsKUd Ak'b¨ mom0ifawG[m Ak'b
¨ mom0ifyif qkad yr,fvYdk bk&m; w&m;awmfukd tav;teuf
xm;NyD; rusifMh ubl;? awmf½ykH J oabmxm;Muw,f/

ta&;BuD;wmuawmh &[ef;awmfawGu ydNk yD;ta&;BuD;ygw,f? &[ef;awmfawGuawmh omoemawmfoYkd

0ifvmMuuwnf;u jrwfpmG bk&m; qH;k rwmawGukd usizhf Ydk&m &nf½, G Nf yD;awmh omoemawmf0ifNyD;awmh &[ef;
ûyMuwmyJ? 'Dawmh bk&m;qH;k rawmfrw l hJ tqH;k trawGukd twdtus vku d ef musifBh uH tm;xkwMf uzkYd aumif;ygw,f?
bk&m;çomoemawmftwGi;f r[kwv f Ydk ½,
dS if 'D&[ef;w&m;awGukd tm;xkwcf iG hf r&Ekid b
f ;l ? &[ef;jzpfro
S m &[ef;
w&m;awGukd tm;xkwcf iG hf &Ekid w
f ,f/

&[ef;w&m;qkwd mvJ tusOf;csKyftm;jzifh oDvç orm"dç ynm? 'Do;kH ckygyJ? tajccHjzpfwhJ oDvu jynfph zkH Ydk
ta&;BuD;ygw,f? orxç 0dyóemw&m;awGudk tm;rxkwEf idk af wmifrS oDvukad wmh jynfph akH tmif tm;xkwzf Ydk
vkyd gw,f? wcsKUd rSm &[ef;jzpfaeayr,fvYdk ayghayghaeMu xkid Mf uwmawGvJ ½Sw
d myJ? rvTrJ uif;omvkYd rawmfwq
oifo h mG ;wJh tmywfuo kd m a'oemajymMum;NyD; tJ't D mywfukd ajzoifwh m? a'oemajymMum;vku d ,
f if NyD;wmyJ
qkNd yD;awmh r½drk aorûyoifyh gbl;/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 63

oDvjynfhpHk½kHeJYvJ NyD;aevkdYrjzpfao;bl;

oDvjynfph ½kH ekH YJ vJ rdrw

d Ydk vt dk yfwhJ &nf½, G cf sufu jynfph w kH m r[kwaf o;bl;? ]]oHom&0#'kua© wm
armpew¬m,}}vkYd tpu&nf½, G cf whJ thJ wkid ;f oHo&m0#fuxGuaf jrmufNyD; edAmÁ efukd a&mufro S m rdrwd Ydk &nf½, G cf suf
u jynfph MkH urSmyJ? 'Dawmh oDveJY jynfph NkH yDq, dk if edAmÁ efukd a&mufzYdk&m orm"deYJ ynmeJY jynfph akH tmif êud;pm;
tm;xkw&f OD;rSmyJ? tJ'aD wmhrS rdrwd Ydk &nf½, G cf sufu jynfph ykH gvdrrfh ,f/
tif;-&nf½,
G w
f ek ;f uawmh &nf½,
G cf MhJ uwmyJ? 'gayr,fvYdk &nf½,
G w
f t
hJ wkid ;f wu,fêud;pm;NyD; tm;xkwf
Muwmuawmh enf;enf;yJ? odyrf rsm;vSygbl;? ÓPfx;l jzpfatmif ususee tm;xkwMf uwmuawmh tifrwef
enf;ygw,f/

jrwfpmG bk&m; yGiahf wmfru

l mpwke;f u jrwfpmG bk&m; omoemawmf0ifNyD; &[ef;ûywJh yk*K¾d vfawG[m wu,fu h kd
usifMh u tm;xkwMf uw,f? tJ'w D ek ;f uawmh pmayawGqw dk muvJ r½Sad o;bl;? tJ'v
D dk r½Sad o;awmh pmayoif
zkYd vYdk qNdk yD; omoemawmfukd 0ifMuwm r[kwaf o;bl;? omoemawmf0ifNyD; bk&m;tqH;k trtwkid ;f usiMhf uwmyJ?
aemufyikd ;f pmayawG½v dS mawmhrS pmayudk oif½çkH avhvm½Hyk *k K¾d vfawG ½Sv
d mygw,f? odYk aomfvJ tJ'v D dk oif½çkH
avhvm½Hek YJ tm;&raebJ orm"dç ynmjzpfatmif êud;pm;zkYd vJ ta&;BuD;ygw,f/

pmayusrf;*efwwf½ekH YJ vJ jynfph wkH mr[kwaf o;bl;? wcsKdUqkv d Ydk ½,

dS if pmayusrf;*efawmif wwfatmif roif
bJ aewJyh *k K¾d vfawG ½Sad o;w,f? tJ'gawG[m tqifrajyygbl;? awmfawmfae&mruswmyJ? &[ef;qk, d if &[ef; wkYd
tvkyuf adk wmh vkyzf Ydk aumif;ygw,f? apwem o'¨gw&m;aumif;aumif;eJY omqk&d if 0dyóemuvJ cJ,Of;vSwm
r[kwyf gbl;? ud, k o
hf EÅmefrmS jzpfaewmawGukd jzpfwidk ;f jzpfwidk ;f ½Iae½Hyk ?J bmrS yifyifyef;yef; tm;xkw&f wm
r[kwyf gbl;? 0D&, d tm;enf;,ifawmh tm;rxkwEf idk b f ;l ayghav? 0D&, d tm;aumif;,if rcJ,Of;ygbl;/

owdav;rsKd;cGJjcm;xm;w,f

um,mEkyóemowd? a0'emEkyóemowd? pdwmå Ekyóemowd? "r®mEkyóemowd-vkYd 0dyóem½I&mrSm

'Dvodk wdav;rsKd;cGjJ cm;NyD; a[mMum;xm;ygw,f? ud, k tf rlt&mawG jzpfwidk ;f ay:vmwkid ;f b,ftydik ;f uae ½I½?I
½IaevkYd ½,
dS if tJ'g um,mEkyóemowdjzpfwmyJ? ud, k xf rJ mS a0'em awGxif½mS ;vmvkYd ½,
dS ifvJ a0'emudk ½I&w,f?
a0'emawGuawmh trsm;tm;jzifh 'kua© 0'emawGukd ½I&wmu rsm;wwfygw,f? 'guvJ ud, k qf if;&Jç pdwq f if;&J?
um,du'kuç© apwodu 'ku&© ,fvYdk ESprf sKd;½Sw d ,f? 'DEpS rf sKd;rSmvJ ud,
k q
f if;&JawGu awmfawmfawGU&wwfw,f?
use;f rmaewJh yk*K¾d vfrmS awmif ud,k qf if;&JawGu awmfawmfawGU&wwfao;w,f? ruse;f rmwJh yk*K¾d vfq, dk ifawmh
omNyD;awGU&wmaygh? taMumif; nDnw G vf Ykd wu,f½,
I ifawmh tJ'aD 0'emawGç rusef;rmrIawG aysmufuif; oGm;wwf
ygw,f? tifrwef ae&muswmyJ/

trSw&f wJh owdjzpfwidk ;f jzpfwidk ;f orm"duvJ 0ifvmw,f? r½Irw S b

f aJ evkYd ½,
dS ifawmh pdwaf wGuoGm;csif
&moGm;? a&mufcsif&ma&mufNyD; ysHUvGiahf ewmyJ? rjywf½rI w S af e,ifom ½Irw S wf hJ tm½Hak y:rSm pdwu f av;u
wnfaewm? ½Irw S wf hJ tm½Hak y:rSm 'Dvdk wnfae,if tJ'gorm"dy?J jrifwidk ;f ç Mum;wkid ;f ç eHwidk ;f ç pm;wkid ;f ayghav?
tJ'gawGukd ½Irw S &f w,f? pm;wkid ;f qkw d muawmh tukev f ;kH ½Irw S Ef idk zf Ydk rvG,vf bS ;l ? tukev f ;kH jynfph akH tmif rrSwf
Edik ,
f ifvJ &oavmufayghav? &oavmufawmh rSwrf yS /J

tJ-rSwwf idk ;f rSww

f idk ;f rSwwf t
hJ m½Hak y:rSm pdwuf av;[m wnfaew,f? ud, k tf rlt&mudk rSw, f if uk,d t f rl
t&may:rSm wnfw,f? pdwt f rlt&mawGukd rSw, f if pdwt
f rlt&may:rSm wnfw,f? a0'emawGukd rSw, f if
a0'emay:rSmwnfw,f? NyD;awmh oabmw&m;awG qkw d muawmh 'D[mawG tukevf ;kH ygyJ? cGpJ w
d ,
f rl ,fq, dk ifawmh
ud,
k t
f rlt&m&,fç a0'em&,fç 'gawGukd csefxm;NyD;awmh ,l&rSmjzpfayr,fvYdk tm;vH;k oabmw&m;awGcsnf;ygyJ?
tJ'g pkaygif;vku
d af wmh ½kyef mrfoabmw&m; awGomjzpfw,f/

tNrJwrf; ½IrwS af e,if trSw&f wJh owdav;jzpfwidk ;f jzpfwidk ;f orm"duvJ jzpfaewmyJ? oDvr*¾içf
orm"dr*¾iaf wG &ifo
h efvmvkYd ½,
dS if 0dyóemynmr*¾iaf wGvJ jzpfvmwmygw,f? 0dyóem ynmÓPfjzpfawmh
emr½ly y&dapä'ÓPfupNyD; jzpfvmygw,f? tJ'g ½kyef mrfukd ydik ;f jcm;odwhJ ÓPfupNyD; awGUwmygyJ/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 64

½IrSwf&if; tvkdvkdjzpfvmwJh ÓPfawG

½kyef mrfukd ydik ;f jcm;odwhJ ÓPfupNyD;awmh tJ'u D ae taMumif;tusKd;udk qufvufNyD; odwefoavmuf

odvmw,f? taMumif;tusKd; qkw d muawmh tquftoG,af wG trsm;BuD;yJ? tJ'gawGukd tukev f ;kH odw,fqadk wmh
rajymEkid b
f ;l ? odwefoavmufom odEikd w f myJ? jrwfpmG bk&m;uawmh taMumif;tusK;d awGukd tukeo f w
d mrkYd
tJ'gawGukd trsm;BuD; a[mMum;xm;ygw,f/ ½Irw S tf m;xkwo
f al wG taeeJYuawmh 'gawGtukev f ;kH odzYdk &m
rvG,yf gbl;? okYd aomfvJ yg&rDx;l wJh yk*K¾d vfawGq, dk ifawmh awmfawmf us,fus,fjyefYjyefYoyd gw,f? 'gayr,fvYdk
odoifoh avmufo, d if NyD;wmygyJ/
tJ'u D ae cPrpJjzpfysufaewmav;awGukd ud, k w f idk f aoaocsmcsm odvmw,f? tJ'aD wmh tedpçö 'kuç©
tewåqw dk m olrsm;ajymvkYd r[kwb f J ud, k w f idk f odvmawmhygyJ? jzpfNyD; ay:vmvku d ?f tJ'D ay:vmwkid ;f ay:vmwkid ;f
aysmufaysmufomG ;wmudk awGU&w,f? rSw&f wJh tm½Hv k J ay:NyD; aysmufomG ;wmyJ? rSwo f w d phJ w
d u
f av;vJ
ay:NyD;aysmufomG ;wmyJ? tJ'g tedpo ö abm xif½mS ;jzpfay:aewm? 'Dvdk jzpfNyD;ysufaewmudk jrifae&awmh
csr;f omwJt h aeeJY b,fpv JG rf;awmhrmS vJ? rpGv J rf;awmhb;l ? jzpfNyD;ysuaf ewJh qif;&Jw&m;awGqw dk m odvmw,f?
touf½iS af ewJh yk*K¾d vfowå0gvJ r[kwb f ;l ? igaumifvYdk pGv J rf;p&mvJ r½Sb d ;l ? 'Dvdk odvmw,f/

½kyçf emrfawGukd 'Dvrdk ½IrrSww

f hJ yk*K¾d vfawGuawmh tvsifu jrifwmvJ igyJ? tck jrifaewmvJ igyJ?
tckMum;wmvJ igyJ? ponfjzifh twåaumiftaeeJY pGv J rf;aeMuw,f? trSeu f awmh 'Dvrdk [kwb f ;l ? ay:NyD;aysmuf
ay:NyD;aysmufaewJh w&m;awGy?J jrifwmvJ ay:NyD;aysmuf? Mum;wmvJ ay:NyD;aysmuf? eHwmvJ ay:NyD;aysmuf?
pm;wmvJ ay:NyD;aysmuf? awGUxdwmvJ ay:NyD;aysmuf? rSwo f w
d mvJ ay:NyD;aysmuf? tJ'gawG[m ay:NyD;aysmufae
wmawGcsnf;yJ? wpfcrk wS nfwahH ewm r½Sb d ;l ? tJ'gawG orm"dtm;aumif;vm,if ½Irw S w
f ikd ;f ½Irw
S wf idk ;f awGU&w,f?
tJ'gawG odatmifvYdk ½Irw S Mf u&wmyJ/

]]orm"dawm ,xmblwH yZmemwd}}? orm"dawm=orm"dtm;½Sad om yk*K¾d vfonf? ,xmblw=H [kww f idk ;f

rSepf mG ? yZmemwd=od\wJh wnfMunfwhJ orm"d½v dS mNyDqadk wmh tJ'yD *k K¾d vf[m [kww f idk ;f rSepf mG ½kyçf emrfuvkd J
ykid ;f jcm;odw,f? taMumif;tusK;d udv k J ydik ;f jcm;odw,f? cPrpJ jzpfysuaf ewmawGuv kd J odw,f? tJ'v D dk odwm[m
tedpçö 'kuç© tewåukd ud, k yf ikd 0f yd óemÓPfeYJ odwmyJ/

½Iwdkif;rSwfwkdif; r*¾ifig;yg;

tJ'v D dk or®m'd|rd *¾ijf zpfNyDq,

dk if or®mouFyq Ü w dk hJ BuHpnfru I awmh xku d o f nft h m;avsmpf mG jzpfaewmygyJ?
trSeof jd rifa&;eJY ywfoufNyD; pdwu f ;l pOf;pm;BuHpnfraI v;awGvJ yg0ifaewmygyJ? 'Dae&mrSm or®m'd|ed YJ or®m
ouFyrÜ *¾if 2-yg;? or®m0g,mrç or®mowdç or®morm"d tJ'o D rm "dr*¾if 3-yg;? aygif; 5-yg;? ½IrSwfwkdif;
½Irw
S wf idk ;f orm"dr*¾if 3-yg;? ynmr*¾if 2-yg; 'D 5-yg;yJ½w dS ,f? r*¾i½f pS yf g;½S&d r,fqadk yr,fvYdk oDvr*¾if 3-
yg;uawmh xnf, h ifomxnf&h r,f? wpfyg;pDjzpfw,f qk, d ifawmh [dw k ek ;f ujzpfcw hJ mudk qk&d rSmyJ? RSww
f t
hJ cgrSm
ygw,fq, dk if qkpd &mawmh aumif;wmygyJ? 'gayr,fvYdk usrf;*efawGu rqkyd gbl;/

tJ'v
D dk ½Irw
S af ewJt
h cgrSm rdpmä ouFyrÜ S vGeaf jrmufaewmygyJ? tvGt J rSm; tBuHtpnfawG uif;aeygw,f?
rdpmä 0gpm= tvGt J rSm; ajymqkrd aI wGvJ uif;aewmyJ? rdpmä ur®E=Å tvGt J trSm;ûyrIawGvJ uif;aewmyJ? rdpmä tmZD0=
tvGt J rSm; toufarG;rIawGvJ uif;aewmyJ? tJ'aD wmh olwYdk vyJ gw,fq, dk if qkEd idk wf mayghav? 'gayr,fvYdk
tJ'rD *¾iaf wGukd ½IrwS wf hJ tcgumvrSm txl;tm;xkwaf e&wmawmh r[kwyf gbl;? tvkv d dk NyD;aevkYd om ygw,f
ajym&wmyJ? tJ'D oDvr*¾iaf wGyg aygif;r,fq, dk if r*¾i½f pS yf g;ayghav? rSww
f idk ;f rSww
f idk ;f r*¾i½f pS yf g;awG yGm;aewm
ygyJ/

0dyóemr*¾i½f pS yf g;awG &ifo h efomG ;awmh t&d,r*¾ijf zpfvmwm ygyJ? t&d,r*¾iaf wGjzpfzYdk u ta&;BuD;
ygw,f? tJ't D &d,r*¾iq f w dk mu tpuwnf;u jzpfwmr[kwb f ;l ? 0dyóemr*¾if jynfph rkH oS m t&d,r*¾ijf zpfwm?
t&d,r*¾if jzpfNyDqadk wmh a½S;OD;pGm? aomwmywdrå *fç aomwmywdzå v dk -f tJ'D r*fç zdv
k af wGjzpfvmw,f? tJ'gawG
jzpfatmif tm;xkw&f w,f/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 65

tMumBuD;jzpfaewm r[kwfbl;

tJ'rD *fpwd çf zkvd pf wd af wGqw

dk m tMumBuD;jzpfaewm r[kwb
f ;l ? r*fpw
d u f wpfBudrw f nf;jzpfwm? zkv
d pf w
d f
uawmh 2-Budr?f 'grSr[kwf 3-Budryf ?J trsm;qH;k 3-Budryf J olujzpfw,f? tpujzpfwmuawmh tJ'aD vmufy?J
odYk aomfvJ zvormywf0ifpm;wJh tcgrSmawmh trsm;BuD;jzpfEikd yf gw,f? zkv d pf w
d af wG tJ't
D cgusawmh trsm;BuD;
jzpfEikd w
f ,f tJ'v D dk jzpfzYdk ta&;BuD;ygw,f/
tck'rD mS tJ'v
D dk jzpfatmifvYdkqNdk yD; tm;xkwaf eMu&wmyJ? aoaocsmcsm pOf;pm;Munf, h if 0rf;omp&m
tifrwefaumif;wJh tvkyyf ?J wkYd rmS jrwfpmG bk&m; omoemawmftwGi;f 0ifa&mufNyD; taMumif;nDnw G v
f Ydk
tm;xkwcf iG &hf wmqkNd yD; tifrwef0rf;omzkYd aumif;ygw,f? ayghayghqqraeMubJ êud;pm;tm;xkwMf uzkYd ygyJ? tJ'v D dk
r*¾i½f pS yf g;w&m;awGukd wk;d wufjynfph akH tmif ½Irw S tf m;xkwMf ujcif;tm;jzifh rdrw
d Ydk tvk½d t
dS yfaom r*fÓPfç
zkv
d Ó
f Pfç edAmÁ efukd vsifjrefpmG qkud af &mufEidk Mf uygap/

om"k-om"k-om"k-/

1342-ck? 0gacgifvuG,faeY
Mo0g'uxma'oem

(w&m;tm;xkw&f jcif;\ &nf½, G cf suf? bk&m;odum© yk'af wmfawGukd odem;vnfatmif avhvmtm;xkwf

xm;jcif;\ tusKd;aus;Zl;? 0dyóem ½Irw S yf mG ;rsm;&jcif;\ tusKd;aus;Zl;? 0dZÆmoHk;yg;ç 0dZÆm½Spfyg;ç p&P
wpfq,fih g;yg;\ o½kyEf iS hf t"dygÜ ,frsm;udk þw&m;awmfü xnfo h iG ;f a[mMum; xm;onf/)

olrsm;tjypfudk rajymwm udavomNidrf;wefoavmuf Nidrf;w,f

w&m;tm;xkww f ,fqw dk m tkjd cif;ç emjcif;ç aojcif;uif;atmif qif;&Jcyford ;f aumif;atmifvYdk tm;xkwf

&wm? tm;xkwv f Ydk w&m;jynfph NkH yDqadk wmh pdwv
f yJ J aumif;oGm;w,f? w&m;rjynfph ,kH if pdwuf u
kd w,fraumif;bl;?
ud,
k t
hf usKd;awGukd MunfNh yD; olrsm;tusKd;rJah wGukd BuHvu dk çf pnfvu
dk çf pdwu
f ;l vku
d çf ajymqkv
d u
dk -f tJ'v D dk
rawmfoifrh oifwh mawGukd vkyw f wfw,f? w&m;jynfph , kH ifawmh tjypfawGU,ifawmifrS olUtjypfeYJ olyq J Ndk yD; olrsm;
tjypfukd rajymbJ vspfvsL½IEikd wf ,f/

olUtjypfeYJ oyl q
J Ndk yD; ESv;kH oGi;f xm;Edik w
f ,f? olrsm;awG 'kua© &mufatmifawmh rajymbl;? tJ'aD wmh pdwaf wG
vJaumif;? udavomawGvJ uif;wefoavmufuif;oGm;w,f? awmfawmfae&musygw,f? rawmfroifw h hJ trIawGvJ
tJ'aD wmh uif;oGm;wmyJ? 'gaMumifh w&m;jynfph akH tmif ½k½d akd oao w&m;udk tm;xkwMf uzkYd tifrwef aumif;yg
w,f? w&m;rjynfph akH o;wJh yk*K¾d vfu jynfph akH tmif jynfph w kH hJ yk*K¾d vfuvJ wk;d wufatmif tcsde&f oavmuf tm;xkwf
&r,f/

0denf;odu©myk'fawGudkvJ avhvmxm;Mu

0denf;odum© yk'af wGuv kd J rodao;wm odatmif avhvmxm;wm aumif;ygw,f? taMumif;½Sw d hJ tcg

uawmh odum© yk'½f w dS t
hJ wkid ;f ñTeMf um;Edik w
f maygh? ud,
k w f idk v
f yJ J tjypfuif;atmif aeEkid w
f ,f? êud;pm;tm;xkwf
MuzkYd ta&;BuD;ygw,f? tJ't D wkid ;f êud;pm;tm;xkwaf exkid v
f Ydk ½S,d if ud,
k t
hf wGuv
f J aus;Zl;rsm;w,f? ud,
k ef YJ pyfNyD;
awmh tjcm;yk*K¾d vfawGvJ tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;wmyJ/

bk&m;w&m;awmftwkid ;f vku d ef mNyD;awmh usiBhf uHaexkid Mf u&w,f qkw

d m tifrwef csr;f omygw,f? tjypf
uif;w,fq, dk if csr;f omwmyJ? tjypf½, dS if qif;&Jw,f? 'gaMumifh csr;f omcsi, f if tjypfuif;atmif bk&m;w&m;
awmftwkid ;f vdu k ef mNyD; usifBh uHtm;xkwzf Ydk vkyd gw,f? tJ'g êud;êud;pm;pm; tm;xkwzf Ydk ç aexkid Mf uzkYd xyfrNH yD;
wku
d w
f eG ;f vkyd gw,f/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 66

tifrwef aus;Zl;rsm;w,f

w&m;½Irw S af ewJh yk*K¾d vfawGvyJ J wif;wif;&if;&if;eJY orm"djzpfatmif tm;xkw&f w,f? orm"drjzpf,if

ÓOfrjzpfb;l ?'Djyif bmrSrpOf;pm;bJ rjywf½rI w S af erS? tJ'v D dk ½Irw
S af e,if orm"djzpfw,f? orm"djzpf,if xl;jcm;wJh
ÓPfvJ jzpfvmEdik yf gw,f? tJ'v D jdk zpfatmif êud;pm;zkYd ygyJ? 0gwGi;f rSmqk,
d if tppt&m&m 'umç 'umr awGu
vªwmwef;wm tifrwef jynfph ykH gw,f? tJ'gawGukd rSND yD; w&m;tm;xkw&f wm tifrwef aus;Zl;rsm; ygw,f/
uaeYreufov D aqmufwnfwhJ yk*K¾d vfawGukd bke;f BuD;u bk&m;*kPaf wmfxuJ 0dZmÆ p&PorÜE*é P k af wmfukd
a[mw,f? 'D*P k af wmfawGukd [dt k vsifu a[mvmwmyg? t&[H*P k af wmfuv
kd J a[mcJyh gNyD? or®morÁK'¨*P
k af wmfvJ
a[mcJyh gNyD? 0dZmÆ p&PorÜE*é Pk af wmfuvkd J tvsifwek ;f u tawmftoifah wmh a[mNyD;om;ygyJ? tJ'gudk 'DaeYawmh
xyfa[m&OD;r,f/

0dZÆmp&PorÜEé*kPf

]]0dZmÆ p&PorÜEé = 0dZmÆ oH;k yg;ç 0dZmÆ ½Spyf g;ç p&Pwpfq,fih g;yg;eJY jynfph akH wmfral om jrwfpmG bk&m;/}}

'gu jrwfpmG bk&m;rSom jynfph &kH rSm r[kwb f ;l ? bk&m;wynfo h m;awGvJ jynfph o kH ifo
h avmuf jynfph &kH rSmyJ?
jynfph akH tmif tm;xkwzf Ydk &m ta&;BuD;ygw,f? ta&;BuD;vkYd yJ w&m;tm;xkww f hJ yk*K¾d vfawGudk êud;pm;NyD; tm;xkwzf Ydk
a[m&w,f? rdrd tm;xkwcf w hJ hJ w&m;awmfawGukd jrwfpmG bk&m;vJ ylaZmfwhJ taeeJY tm½Hûk y&ygw,f? tckvJ
jrwfpmG bk&m;udv k nf;aumif;? rdrw d Ydk tm;xkw&f wJh w&m;awmfuv kd nf;aumif; tm½Hûk yaomtm;jzifh ylaZmfMuzkYd ygyJ/

'D*P k af wmfawG 'Du bk&m;½Scd ;dk xJrmS tjynft

h pHk ygygw,f? 0dZmÆ oH;k yg;&JUo½ky?f 0dZmÆ ½Spyf g;&JU o½ky?f p&P
wpfq,fih g;yg;&JUo½ky?f tJ'gawG tusOf;a&mç tus,fa&m jynfph akH tmif xnfx h m;ygw,f/

]]0dZmÆ oH;k jzm? yk-'d-tmESi?hf wjzmxkrd ?S 0d-r-£-'d? ap-yk-'d-tm? 0dZmÆ ½Sprf sKd;? jynfûh zd;vQHxed ?f oD-£H-
abm-Zm? o'¨gç [d&-D Mowåy?Ü Am[kopö? 0D&, d ç ynmç wjzm½lypsmefp?k av;cktm;jzif?h q,fih g;yg;&? p&PwkYd EiS hf
vH;k 0OóHjk ynfph akH wmfral omaMumif}h } wJ/h

'Daqmify'k af v;xnfxh m;ygw,f? ]]0dZmÆ oH;k jzm}} 'D0Zd mÆ oH;k jzmuawmh tifrwef jrifjh rwfwhJ w&m;awGygyJ?
tJ'D w&m;awGu yk-ykaAÁe0d gotbdnmOf? 'd-'dApÁ u©KtbdnmOf? tm-tmo0u©,tbdnmOf 'Do;kH yg;ygyJ/

ykaAÁe0d gotbdnmOfqw dk m a½S;b0a[mif;awGukd jyefNyD;awmh odwm? 'guawmh yk*K¾d vfwidk ;f jynfph w kH m

r[kwyf gbl;? wcsKUd &[EÅmjzpfayr,fvYdk 'DtbdnmOfukd r&ygbl;? orxpsmefawG&NyD; tJ'o D rxpsmefrS &tyfwhJ
tbdnmOfukd &rSomjzpfw,f? 'DÓPfrmS omoemyrSmvJ ½Sw d efoavmufawmh ½Syd gw,f? jrwfpmG bk&m;rSmawmh
tJ'ÓD PfeYJ a½S;b0a[mif;awGukd tukev f ;kH jrifawmfrEl ikd w
f ,f? bk&m;jzpfr,fn
h rSm nOfOh ;D ,HtwGi;f 'Dyak AÁ
ed0goÓPfeYJ qifjcifawmfrcl yhJ gw,f/

'dApÁ u©KtbdnmOfqw dk muawmh ewfrsupf rd sm;vkyd ?J avmuudk jrifEikd çf odEidk w f Ó

hJ Pfy?J oluawmh bdnmOfeJY
odEikd w
f Ó
hJ Pf? txl;tm;jzifh odEikd w f ÓhJ Pf-wJ?h ewfrsufpq d w
dk muawmh txl;odEikd w f m r[kwb f ;l ? awmf½kH
avmufom jrifEikd w f m? jrwfpmG bk&m; jrifwmuawmh rjrifEikd w f mudk r½Sb
d ;l ? wpfavmuvH;k jrifEidk w
f ,f? 'DpMum0Vm
a&mç wjcm;rSm½Sw d hJ pMum0Vma&m tukev f ;kH jrifawmfrEl ikd yf gw,f/

wcsKdUvJyJ w&m;xl; r&ao;ayr,fvYdk 'DtbdnmOfu&kd wJh yk*K¾d vfawG ½Sad wmh½ydS gw,f? 'gayr,fvYdk
enf;enf;yg;yg;yJ jrifw,f? tukev f ;kH rjrif Edik yf gbl;? jrwfpmG bk&m;rSmawmh bk&m;rjzpfrD tavmif;awmf b0u
wnf;u oef;acgif,H tcdsefwiG f 'dApÁ u©KtbdnmOfu&kd w,f? tJ'Ó D PfeYJ avmuBuD;udk avQmufMunfw h ,f? 'Dawmh
owå0gawG trsKd;rsKd;udk jrifawmfrw
l ,f/

tukov kd u
f aH Mumifh tyg,fav;yg;usa&mufNyD; 'kua© &mufaeMuyH?k ukov kd u
f aH Mumifh vlç ewfwYdk b0a&muf
NyD; tkjd cif;ç emjcif;ç aojcif;pwJh qif;&JawGeYJ awGUae&yHk trsKd;rsKd;ayghav? tJ'gawG tukev f ;kH tavmif;awmf&UJ
'dApÁ u©KtbdnmOfeYJ jrifawmfryl gw,f/
Mo0g'"r®tarG 67

tmo0u©,tbdnmOf

tm-tmo0u©ÓPf? 'DÓPfu udavom tmoa0gw&m;awG ukeaf pwwfwhJ ÓPf? 'DÓPfu

t&[wår*fÓPfygyJ? aomwmywdrå *fÓPfuvJ udavomtcsKdUawmh ukeaf pEkid yf gw,f? ou'g*grdr*fuvJ
xyfNyD;awmh ukeaf pEkid yf gw,f? tem*grfr*fusawmh awmfawmfrsm;rsm; ukeaf pEkid yf gw,f? t&[wår*fusawmh
udavomawG tukev f ;kH udk ukeaf pEkid yf gw,f/
jrwfpmG bk&m;\ wynfo h m0ujzpfwhJ yk*K¾d vfawGvJ &[EÅmjzpfomG ;,if 'DÓPfjynfph o
kH mG ;wmygyJ? 'gayr,f
vkYd wynfo
h m0uawG udavom ukew f ,fqw dk m 0goemqkw
d hJ txH;k av;awmh useaf eao;w,f? jrwfpmG bk&m;
udavom ukew f muawmh tJ'D 0goemtxHEk iS w
hf uG udavom tukev f ;kH ukeo
f mG ;w,f/

t&[wår*fÓPf a&mufw,fq, dk if t&[wåzv dk Ó

f Pf a&mufawmhwmygyJ? uqkev f jynfah eYn eHeuf
rvif;cifrmS jrwfpmG bk&m; tmo0u©,ÓPfudk &awmfryl gw,f? eHeufcif;qkw d m ,ckaetcg vjynfah usmf
wpf&ufaeY a&mufNyDvYk d ac:w,f? tJ'w D pf&ufrvif;cif t&[wår*f-tmo0u©, ÓPfawmfukd &awmfrw l mygyJ?
b,fvt dk m;xkwv f Ydk a&mufovJq, kd if Oyg'geu©Em¨ ac:wJh ½kyef mrftjzpftysufawGukd ½INyD; a&mufomG ;ygw,f?
'Dv½kd rI w
S w f hJ 0dyóemÓPfjynfph vkH Ydk r*fÓPfç zkvd Ó
f PfawGukd tpOftwkid ;f a&mufNyD; bk&m;jzpfwmygyJ/

tck w&m;tm;xkwaf eMuwJh yk*K¾d vfawGvyJ ?J tJ'D tmo0udavomawG ukeaf pEkid w f hJ t&d,r*fÓPfawG
a&mufatmifvYdk tm;xkwaf eMu&wmyJ? t&[wår*f ra&mufao;,ifawmifrS tem*grdr*f a&mufvYdk ½, dS if udavom
awG tawmfrsm;rsm; ukeo f mG ;ygw,f? tem*grdr*fra&mufao;vJ ou'g*grdr*f qk, d ifawmfawmf ukeyf gw,f? tJ'g
ra&mufao;vdYk aomwmywdrå *fqv dk J tyg,fav;yg; usEkid w f hJ udavomawmh uif;oGm;wm jzpfvYdk awmfawmf
ae&musoGm;ygNyD? atmufxpfq;kH tJ'D ra&mufatmif tm;xkwzf Ydk aumif;w,f? tm;xkwaf ew,f qk, d ifvJ tJ'D
ra&mufatmif 0dyóemÓPfawG jynfph EkH idk o f avmuf jynfph akH tmif tm;xkw&f w,f? tJ'g 0dZmÆ oH;k yg; yk-'d-tm?
yk-u-ykAeÁ 0d goÓPf? 'd-u-'dApÁ u©KÓPf? tm-u- tmo0u©ÓPf? tJ'g ]]0dZmÆ oH;k jzm? yk't d m-t& 0dZmÆ oH;k yg;?
tJ'D 0dZmÆ oH;k yg;eJYvJ jrwfpmG bk&m;rSm jynfph w
kH ,f-wJh/

0dZmÆ ½Spyf g;

wjzmxkrd ?S 0d-r-£-'d? ap-yk-'d-tm? 0dZmÆ ½Sprf sKd;? jynfûh zd;vQHxed ?f ]]tJ'gu 0dZmÆ ½Spyf g;? 'DtxJrmS
tvsifajymcJw h hJ 0dZmÆ oH;k yg;qkyd gw,f? tJ'o D ;kH yg;eJY aemufw;dk wmu ig;yg;? aygif; 0dZmÆ ½Spyf g;jzpfw,f? 'gvJyJ
jrwfpmG bk&m;omr[kw?f wynfo h m0uawGvJ jynfph o kH ifo
h rQ jynfph akH tmif tm;xkwMf uzkUd ygyJ? jrwfpmG bk&m;
vufxufawmfu t½Sio f m&dyw k &å mwdYk ? t½Sirf [marm*¾vmefwYdk ponfh yk*K¾d vfawG[m 0dZmÆ ÓPfawGeYJ awmfawmf
jynfph ykH gw,f? yk*K¾d vfawG trsm;BuD;ygyJ? jynfph MkH uygw,f/

0dyóemÓPf

tJ'rD mS 0d-qkwd mu 0dyóemÓPfygyJ? tck tm;xkwMf uwm[m 0dyóemÓPfawGawmh jzpfaeMuwmygyJ?

tJ'D ÓPfawGjynfph akH tmif 0dyóemw&m;udk tm;xkwMf u&w,f? ½kyef mrfukd ydik ;f jcm;od&r,f? taMumif;tusKd;udk
ydik ;f jcm;od&r,f? cPrpJ jzpfysuaf ewmawGukd od&r,f? 'Dvo dk ad wmh tedpçö 'kuç© tewåyq J w
dk m ud, k yf ikd Ó
f PfeYJ
od&w,f? tJ'godatmifvYdk 0dyóem½Irw S f tm;xkwaf eMu&wm? ta&;BuD;w,f? tJ'grodvYdk ½, dS if ae&m rus
ao;bl;? tck tm;xkwaf ewJh yk*K¾d vfawG orm"d ÓPftoift h wifh &ifoh efvYdk ½,
dS if odoifoh rQ odMu&wmyJ?
t&d,r*fÓPfç zkv d Ó
f Pfra&mufao;awmif 0dyóemÓPf jzpfweforQawmh jzpfaeMurSmyg? tJ'v D dk jzpfatmif
tm;xkwMf u&wmyJ? tedpmö EkyóemÓPfç 'kum© EkyóemÓPfç tewåmEkyóemÓPf tJ'g 0dyóemÓPfwpfyg;?
olvJ 0dZmÆ ½Spyf g;xJrmS wpfyg;yg0ifwhJ 0dZmÆ ÓPfy/J
Mo0g'"r®tarG 68

raemr,d'd¨ÓPf

tJ'rD mS r-qkw d mu raemr,d'Ó¨d Pf-wJ?h raemr,d'Ó

¨d Pfqw dk m pdwjf zifh tvkt d wkid ;f NyD;wJÓ
h Pf?
tJ'Ó
D PfeYJ rdru d ,
kd ef YJ tvm;wl zefqif;wmygyJ? 'guawmh jrwfpmG bk&m; zefqif;csifwt hJ cg zefqif;ygw,f?
tNrJwrf;awmh r[kwyf gbl;? wpfcgwpf&u H sawmh zefqif;&wm ½Syd gw,f? ud, k ef YJ tvm;wl yk*K¾d vfwpfO;D taeeJY
zefqif;wJt
h cgvJ ½Sw d myJ? wm0wðom ewfjynfrmS tbd"r®ma[mwJt h cgrsKd; ponfaygh? tJ'vD dk vkt
d yfwt hJ cg rsKd;rSm
zefqif;&ygw,f/

£'d¨0d"ÓPf
£-qdw k mu £'d0¨ "d ÓPf-wJ?h £'d0¨ "d ÓPfqw dk muawmh bmrqkb d J tvH;k pHk zefqif;Edik w
f myJ? £'d0¨ "d u
wefc;dk zefqif;Edik wf m?raemr,d'u¨d yk*K¾d vfeYJ tvm;wlzefqif;Ekid w
f m? 'Djyif ÓPfawGuawmh yk*K¾d vf tvm;wl&,f
r[kwyf gbl;? £'d0¨ "d uawmh bmrqkd zefqif;Edik w f hJ tbdnmOf?

'DtbdnmOfawGu 0dyóemÓPfoufoufeYJ awmh r&Ekid b f ;l ? orxpsmefawGukd &NyD;awmhrS psmefuaeNyD;

xl;jcm;wJh tbdnmOfawG&vmEdik yf gw,f? NyD;awmh 'DÓPfawGu yk*K¾d vfwidk ;f vJ &Edik w
f mr[kwb
f ;l ? tJ- yk*K¾d vfx;l
awGrmS awmh 'Du tbdnmOfx;l awGukd &zkYd &m aumif;ygw,f? omref aomwmyefç ou'g*grfç tem*grfç &[EÅm
yk*K¾d vfawGrmS vJ 'DtbdnmOfawGukd r&Ekid yf gbl;/

'dAÁaomwtbdnmOf

£-'d-tJ'rD mS 'd-qkw
d mu 'dAaÁ omwtbdnmOfw?hJ tJ'D tbdnmOfu tvk;H pHak om toH"mwf o'´g½H[
k o
l rQ
Mum;odEidk w
f hJ tbdnmOf/

apawmy&d,tbdnmOf

NyD;awmh ap-yk-'d tJ'rD mS ap-qkw

d mu apawm y&d, tbdnmOf? oluawmh cyford ;f aom owå0gwkYd \
pdwt
f vkt
d BuHukd odEidk w
f Ó
hJ Pf-wJh/

ykaAÁe0d go-tbdnmOf
yk-qkdwmu ykaAÁe0d go tbdnmOf? tJ'gudk 0dZmÆ oH;k yg;wke;f u t"dymÜ ,focd NhJ yD;om;yJ? 'DrmS ½Spyf g;xJxyfNyD;
yg0ifygw,f/
tmo0u©,ÓPf

'd-tm-qkw
d muvJ tvsifygcJNh yD;om;? tmo0u©,ÓPfygyJ/

'dAÁpu©KÓPf

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dk mygyJ? tJ'gawG jrwfpmG bk&m;rSmawmh tukev f ;kH jynfph akH wmf
rlygw,f/
wynfh om0uawGrmS vJ jynfph o Hk ifo
h avmufawmh jynfph EkH idk yf gw,f? jrwfpmG bk&m;avmufawmh rjynfph EkH ikd f
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Muygw,f? tJ-tck tm;xkwaf eMuwJh yk*K¾d vfawG 0dyóemÓPfawGjzpfatmif? 0dyóem ÓPfawG jynfph NkH yD;
wJah emuf? tmo0u©,ÓPfjzpfatmif qkNd yD; tm;xkwaf eMu&wmyJ? tmo0u©,ÓPfeYJ rjynfph akH o;awmif rS
aomwmywdrå *fÓPfwYdk bmwkYd aygh? 'Dvdk ÓPfawGjynfph akH tmif tm;xkwMf u&wmyJ? 'g&atmif tm;xkw&f wmuvJ
Mo0g'"r®tarG 69

tm;xkwcf iG &hf zkYd vG,w

f mr[kwb f ;l ? apwemç o'¨gw&m;½Sv d Ydk ud,
k ahf e&mud,
k f tm;xkwrf ,fqadk yr,fvYdk tqif
oifch sirf o
S ifw
h m? rvG,b f ;l ? tck 'Dur®|mef;XmerS qkad wmh tm;rxkwcf si, f ifukd rae&bl;? tm;xkwMf u&wm
tifrwef tqifajyygw,f/

p&Pwpfq,fhig;yg;
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Mowåy?Ü Am[kopö? 0D&, d ç ynm? wjzm½lypsmefpk av;cktm;jzif?h
q,fhig;yg;&? p&PwkdY}}
'gu p&P w,fq,fih g;yg;? p&P-qkw d m tusifyh ?J tJ'D usif&h wJh tusifh wpfq,fih g;yg;wJ?h oD-£H-
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tJ'tD yd'k x
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rawmfroifw h mawGukd rûyjzpfatmif? EIwjf zifh rawmfroifw h mawGukd rajymjzpfatmif? 'gawGukd apmifx h ed ;f &rSm?
tu,fí ajymrdûyrdvYdk rawmfroifjh zpfvmrdvYdk ½,dS if tmywfoifw h ,f? tmywfoif, h if a'oem uHjzpfu a'oem
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tmywfawGroifh a&mufatmif aeEdik , f if taumif;qH;k ygyJ/

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k rf mS p&P wpfq,fih g;yg;udk t½Sit
f meE´mu
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bk&m;vufxufrmS om r[kwb f ;l ? rdrw d YdkrmS vJ jynfph &kH rSmawGy?J oDvuawmh txl;ajymzkYd awmif rvkyd gbl;?
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d oH0&oDv-wJ?h £a`E´ajcmufyg;eJY ywfoufNyD; rawmfroifw h mawG rjzpf&atmif
usi&hf r,fw?hJ jrifwmtaMumif;ûyNyD; rawmfroifw
h mawG rjzpf&atmif? em;eJYMum;wm taMumif;ûyNyD; rawmfroifh
wm rjzpf&atmif ponfaygh? £a`E´ajcmufyg; vHûk cHatmif apmifph nf;Ekid af tmif usif&h w,f? tJ'g p&Pwpfyg;/

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trsm;tm;jzifh avmurSm pm;a&; aomufa&;awGukd tifrwef tav;rlMuwmuvm;? raumif; aumif;atmif
ûyvkyfpm;aomufMuw,f? pm;Edik v
f Ydk ½,
dS ifvJ twkid ;f t½Sn&f ,f r½Sb
d J pm;Edik o
f aomufpm;Muw,f? vGevf eG u
f sL;usL;
pm;aomufavh½MdS uw,f/

bk&m;wynfah wmf om0uawGrmS awmh 'Dvrdk [kwb f ;l ? awmf½o kH if½h MkH unfNh yD;awmh pm;&rSm? aumif;wmudk
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rdr\
d ud,k u
f m,Mumjrifph mG wnfaeEdik ½f ?kH qmavmifrw
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Mo0g'"r®tarG 70

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Mo0g'"r®tarG 71

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wwd,psmefukd wpfrsKd;wnf;aygif;NyD;awmh psmefav;yg;? tJ'D psmefav;yg;u wynfo h m;wkid ;f jynfph &kH r,f vkYd awmh
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rd;k pGeb
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Mo0g'"r®tarG 72

1343-ck? wefaqmifrkef;vuG,faeY
Mo0g'uxma'oem

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omoemaumif;zkdY&myJ

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Mo0g'"r®tarG 73

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