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時事英文 #139 講義: 1

Ep 139 講義
Mar. 22 2023 / 時事英文 Podcast

本集解說大綱
Intro
朗讀文字

時事內容
● 短時間內多個銀行倒閉
● 美國的地區性銀行
● 瑞銀收購瑞士信貸
● 美國聯準會的升息與否
● 經濟衰退的風險

單字片語:
● Teeter on the brink

額外的英文
彩蛋
時事英文 #139 講義: 2

Intro
April 四月

Friday, March 10
3 月 10 日,星期五 (CNN)

Silicon Valley Bank


矽谷銀行

Collapsed 倒閉了 (NPR)


Collapse, collapses, collapsing, collapsed

Global banking system


全球銀行體系

What is happening in financial markets


金融市場上正在發生什麼

and could there be a global crisis?


以及是否會發生全球危機呢? (The Guardian)
時事英文 #139 講義: 3

朗讀文字 (00:43) (30:15)

What is happening in financial markets and could


there be a global crisis?

The global banking system is reeling from a series of


shocks over the past week, prompted by the collapse
of California’s Silicon Valley Bank. That has stoked
fears that this is the start of another banking crisis,
posing big questions for central banks as they try to
fight inflation while ensuring financial stability.
出處:The Guardian

In less than two weeks, three US banks, Silvergate,


SVB, and Signature Bank, and a big global lender like
Credit Suisse have collapsed, bringing back fears of a
full-blown financial crisis.
出處:Business Insider

Regional banks with similar profiles to SVB, including


First Republic Bank, have teetered on the brink over
the past week. Anxious customers have pulled tens of
billions of dollars in cash from the smaller banks and
時事英文 #139 講義: 4

placed them with bigger institutions that are better


capitalized.
出處:CNN

The largest financial institutions in the U.S. took


action on Friday in an effort to stabilize the financial
sector, placing $30 billion in First Republic bank.

The bank's shares have continued to plummet,


however, dropping 47% on Monday.
出處:ABC News

Meanwhile, the turmoil in the banking industry spread


to Europe and forced a deal under which UBS will
acquire troubled rival Credit Suisse for almost $3.25
billion.
出處:AP

Unlike SVB, a mid-tier bank, Credit Suisse is a financial


behemoth – big enough that it is among 30 banks
considered to be of systemic importance to the global
economy.
時事英文 #139 講義: 5

Although Credit Suisse has been dogged by concerns


over its financial health for years following a raft of
scandals, the bank’s sale to UBS on Sunday delivered a
blow to Switzerland’s image as a haven of financial
stability and sparked volatility in financial markets.
出處:Al Jazeera

A huge decision is looming on the calendar by the


Federal Reserve. The U.S. central bank will announce
its latest move on interest rates Wednesday.
出處:AP

The central bank has aggressively raised interest rates


over the past year, bringing inflation down
significantly from a summer peak, though it remains
more than triple the Fed's target of 2%.

A continuation of the rate hikes risks further


intensifying the banking crisis, however, a pause on
rate increases could undermine the Federal Reserve's
fight against inflation.
出處:ABC News
時事英文 #139 講義: 6

Many economists and investors were already


expecting at least a mild recession to hit the U.S.
economy given all the recent rate increases. The
worry is that strains for regional banks could raise the
risk higher.
出處:AP

Goldman Sachs said Wednesday that growing stress


in the banking sector has boosted the odds of a US
recession within the next 12 months.
出處:CNN

1. 短時間內多個銀行倒閉 (04:06)
過去一週裡
The global banking system 全球銀行體系

面臨了
A series of shock 一系列的衝擊
時事英文 #139 講義: 7

正在
Reeling from a series of shock
因一連串的衝擊而震驚不安

Reel (動詞)
Reel from 因某件事而震驚不安
因受到打擊而不穩定的、搖搖晃晃的移動

The global banking system is reeling from a series of


shocks over the past week.
全球銀行體系因過去一週的一連串衝擊而震驚不安。

不到兩週內,
Three US banks 三家美國銀行
倒閉了

第一個是
Silvergate
全名 Silvergate Capital Corp. (Bloomberg)

Business Insider 形容它為:


Crypto-friendly bank
對虛擬貨幣 / 加密貨幣友善的銀行
時事英文 #139 講義: 8

Reuters 形容它為:
Crypto-focused bank
以虛擬貨幣為中心的銀行

去年虛擬幣交易所 FTX 破產後迎來了


Crypto winter 虛擬貨幣寒冬 (TechCrunch)
與之前的最高價相比,虛擬貨幣價格持續低迷的時期

Silvergate 3 月 8 日宣佈將
Wind down its operations 結束業務 (Bloomberg)
Winds, winding, winded

Wind down 慢慢縮減、逐漸結束


出現在 ep 132 || 單字卡連結

第二間倒閉的美國銀行是受到非常多關注的
Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) 矽谷銀行

CNN 形容它為
The go-to bank for US tech startups
美國科技新創們的首選銀行
時事英文 #139 講義: 9

是美國的
16th largest bank 第十六大銀行
Business Insider

3 月 10 日美國政府的
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
美國聯邦存款保險公司 (CNN)

接管了 SVB 矽谷銀行,此為


The second-biggest bank collapse in U.S. history
美國史上第二大宗的銀行倒閉事件 (CNBC)

短短幾天後又一家美國銀行倒閉了~

Sunday, March 12
3 月 12 日,星期天 (CNN)

美國紐約的
Signature Bank
時事英文 #139 講義: 10

被 FDIC 美國聯邦存款保險公司
Shut down 關閉了 (CNN)
Shut, shuts, shutting, shut

成為
The third-largest bank failure in US history
美國史上第三大宗的銀行倒閉事件 (Bloomberg)

剛過去的週末,瑞士的
Big global lender 大型全球放貸者
Credit Suisse 瑞士信貸

Collapsed 倒下、崩潰、垮掉;無法繼續營業或正常營業
Collapse, collapses, collapsing, collapsed

這樣
In less than two weeks
在不到兩週的時間裡
時事英文 #139 講義: 11

Three US banks 三家美國銀行


Silvergate, SVB, 以及 Signature Bank~

還有像
Credit Suisse 瑞士信貸

這樣的全球大銀行的瓦解~

Stoked fears 激起了恐懼


Stoke, stokes, stoking, stoked

這會不會是另一場
Banking crisis 銀行危機
的開始

接下來會不會發生
Full-blown 全面性的、完完全全的
Financial crisis 金融危機

對各國的
Central banks 中央銀行

Pose big questions 造成 / 引起重大問題
Poses, posing, posed
時事英文 #139 講義: 12


Fight inflation 對抗通貨膨脹
Fights, fighting, fought

卻同時要
Ensure financial stability 確保金融穩定
Ensures, ensuring, ensured

該如何最好的平衡這樣的
Twin economic challenges
雙重經濟挑戰 (ABC News)

以上解說對應的朗讀片段為 (慢 00:43 / 快 30:15):

What is happening in financial markets and could


there be a global crisis?

The global banking system is reeling from a series of


shocks over the past week, prompted by the collapse
of California’s Silicon Valley Bank. That has stoked
fears that this is the start of another banking crisis,
時事英文 #139 講義: 13

posing big questions for central banks as they try to


fight inflation while ensuring financial stability.

In less than two weeks, three US banks, Silvergate,


SVB, and Signature Bank, and a big global lender like
Credit Suisse have collapsed, bringing back fears of a
full-blown financial crisis.

2. 美國的地區性銀行 (07:39)
AP 報導,
Confidence in banks is shaky right now.
人們目前對銀行的信心是不堅固的。

對銀行沒信心的情況往往會發生
Bank run 銀行擠兌

許多客戶因認為銀行可能快倒所以急急忙忙的
Withdraw their money 從銀行提款
Wikipedia
時事英文 #139 講義: 14


Silicon Valley Bank 矽谷銀行

由於
Depositors 存款人
擔心該銀行快倒了

引發毀滅性的
48-hour bank run
為期 48 個小時的銀行擠兌 (ABC News)

A run on its deposits 銀行存款被大量取出

CNN 報導,
Signature Bank 倒閉前,嚇壞的客戶們進行了
A run on its deposits
大量的、突然的把自己在銀行裡的存款都提領出來

**************

把錢放進銀行
Deposit 存款
Deposits, depositing, deposited
時事英文 #139 講義: 15

I deposited $100 in my account this morning.


今天早上,我在我的賬戶裡存了 100 元。

銀行存款 Bank deposits


定期存款 Fixed deposits

存款人,把錢存入銀行賬戶的人
Depositor

相反提款會使用
Withdraw 提取、提款
Withdraws, withdrawing, withdrew

You can withdraw and deposit money in any of our


branches.

你可以在我們的任何一家分行提款以及存款。Oxford Learner’s
Dictionaries

**************

在美國,與
SVB 矽谷銀行
時事英文 #139 講義: 16

相似的
Regional banks 地區性銀行
比國家級 (在全國甚至多國營業的) 銀行小的中型金融機構

過去一週裡都
Teetered on the brink 處於瀕臨崩潰的邊緣、搖搖欲墜
Teeter, teeters, teetering, teetered

Anxious customers 焦急 / 焦慮的客戶們



Smaller banks 比較小的銀行

提取了
Tens of billions of dollars in cash
數百億美元的現金

改而將這些現金存放在
Bigger institutions 比較大的金融機構

他們擔心這些
Smaller banks 比較小的銀行
Mid-sized banks 中型銀行
會不會像 SVB 一樣突然就倒了
時事英文 #139 講義: 17

Big banks 大銀行


ABC News

因為
Better capitalized 資本更充足
好像安全一點...

大量的
Deposit runs / withdrawals
存款的提領 (CNN)

讓許多美國中小銀行受到重創~

目前最被討論的是
First Republic Bank 第一共和銀行

照片出處:Yamini D Sridhara, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons


時事英文 #139 講義: 18

上週五,美國一些最大的
Financial institutions 金融機構們

Took action 採取了行動


Take, takes, taking, took, taken

嘗試
Stabilize 穩定、穩住
Stabilizes, stabilizing, stabilized

The financial sector 金融業

這些大銀行們一起籌了
$30 billion 三百億美元

來協助受創的
First Republic Bank 第一共和銀行

但該銀行的
Shares 股票

持續的
Plummet 暴跌、急遽下降
Plummet, plummets, plummeting, plummeted
時事英文 #139 講義: 19

週一又再下跌了
47% (forty-seven percent)

很多美國人問
Is my money safe in the bank?
我的錢在銀行安全嗎?Marketwatch

Should I pull my money out of the bank?


我應該把錢從銀行取出來嗎?CNN

Is my money safe?
我的錢安全嗎?AP

SVB 矽谷銀行
倒閉後,

美國政府急忙向存款人保證
Their money was safe.
他們的錢是安全的。Business Insider

在美國,只要銀行有被
FDIC 美國聯邦存款保險公司
承保
時事英文 #139 講義: 20

每個帳戶都有最高
$250,000 (two hundred and fifty thousand dollars)
的保險

即時銀行倒閉了,帳戶存款可拿回最高 25 萬美元~


SVB 矽谷銀行
以及
Signature Bank
很多的客戶

存款都超過 25 萬~

因此
The federal government
美國聯邦政府

為了恢復公眾對
Banking system 銀行體系
的信心
時事英文 #139 講義: 21

宣佈將保護
All the banks’ deposits
這兩家銀行客人的所有存款

即時超過 FDIC 限定的 25 萬也都拿得回來 (AP)

以上解說對應的朗讀片段為 (慢 01:48 / 快 30:50):

Regional banks with similar profiles to SVB, including


First Republic Bank, have teetered on the brink over
the past week. Anxious customers have pulled tens of
billions of dollars in cash from the smaller banks and
placed them with bigger institutions that are better
capitalized.

The largest financial institutions in the U.S. took


action on Friday in an effort to stabilize the financial
sector, placing $30 billion in First Republic bank.

The bank's shares have continued to plummet,


however, dropping 47% on Monday.
時事英文 #139 講義: 22

3. 瑞銀收購瑞士信貸 (12:12)
離開美國去到
Europe 歐洲

Banking industry 銀行業



Turmoil 混亂、動盪、動亂
也延燒到歐洲~

週日
Swiss banking giant 瑞士銀行業巨頭 (Vox)
UBS 瑞銀

照片出處:UBS, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

宣佈將以
$3.25 (three point two five) billion (dollars)
32.5 億美元
時事英文 #139 講義: 23

Acquire 收購、取得
Acquires, acquiring, acquired

其陷入困境的
Rival 競爭對手
Credit Suisse 瑞士信貸

照片出處:Credit Suisse Group AG, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Credit Suisse 與美國的 SVB 不一樣~

SVB 是一個
Mid-tier bank 中型的銀行

而 Credit Suisse 是一個


Financial behemoth 金融巨頭

規模大到足以被認為是對
Global economy 全球經濟
具有
Systemic importance 系統重要性
的銀行
時事英文 #139 講義: 24

有資格被列入這個名單的,全球只有
30 banks 三十家銀行

Credit Suisse 瑞士信貸


就是其中一家

這樣
Globally significant 全球意義重大
的銀行

如果讓它倒閉可能會
Pose a risk of bigger trouble
(為全球金融以及經濟) 帶來更大的麻煩 (AP)

Credit Suisse 這幾年都過得不太好,經歷了


A raft of scandals 一大堆的醜聞

多年來一直
Dogged by concerns
被許多的擔憂困擾著

人們擔心它的
Financial health 財務健康狀況
時事英文 #139 講義: 25

而競爭對手
UBS 瑞銀

對它的收購,是一個
Emergency rescue deal 緊急救援的協議
CNN


Swiss authorities 瑞士當局 (AP)
協助促成

目的是要避免
Financial market panic 金融市場的恐慌
CNN

但這還是對
Switzerland 瑞士

Image 形象
造成了打擊

過去許多人把
Switzerland 瑞士
時事英文 #139 講義: 26

視為一個
Haven of financial stability 金融穩定的避風港

視為
Global financial center 全球金融中心 (AP)

而三十年前還擁有
Five big banks 五家大銀行
的瑞士

現在隨著 UBS 收購 Credit Suisse 只剩下


One very large bank 一家超大的銀行

一家
Too big to fail 大到不能讓它倒 (AP)
的銀行

收購的消息發佈後,馬上在
Financial markets 金融市場

Sparked 引起、導致、觸發了
Spark, sparks, sparking, sparked
時事英文 #139 講義: 27

Volatility 波動
起起伏伏 / 不穩定的狀態

以上解說對應的朗讀片段為 (慢 02:23 / 快 31:24):

Meanwhile, the turmoil in the banking industry spread


to Europe and forced a deal under which UBS will
acquire troubled rival Credit Suisse for almost $3.25
billion.

Unlike SVB, a mid-tier bank, Credit Suisse is a financial


behemoth – big enough that it is among 30 banks
considered to be of systemic importance to the global
economy.

Although Credit Suisse has been dogged by concerns


over its financial health for years following a raft of
scandals, the bank’s sale to UBS on Sunday delivered a
blow to Switzerland’s image as a haven of financial
stability and sparked volatility in financial markets.
時事英文 #139 講義: 28

4. 美國聯準會的升息與否 (14:40)
今天,金融業的目光都專注在美國的
Federal Reserve (Fed)
美國聯邦準備系統;聯準會

是美國的
Central bank 中央銀行

官網上寫道
The Federal Reserve System is the central bank of
the United States.
聯準會是美國的中央銀行 (Federalreserve.gov)

主要作用是為美國提供一個
Safe 安全的
Flexible 靈活的
Stable 穩定的

Monetary and financial system


貨幣與金融系統 (Federalreserve.gov)
時事英文 #139 講義: 29

月曆上
A huge decision is looming…
一個重大的決定正在逼近

週三,
Federal Reserve 聯準會

U.S. central bank 美國中央銀行

將宣佈它在
Interest rates 利率

方面的
Latest move 最新舉動

過去一年來,此
Central bank 中央銀行


Aggressively 積極的

Raised interest rates 提高了利率


Raise, raises, raising, raised
時事英文 #139 講義: 30

成功把美國國內的
Inflation 通貨膨脹

從夏天的
Peak 高峰
大幅度的降低

但比起
The Fed's target 聯準會的目標

2% (two percent)

仍然是
More than triple 超過三倍

如果聯準會繼續之前的
Rate hikes 升息

可能會進一步加劇現在的
Banking crisis 銀行危機

但相反若決定實施
A pause on rate increases 暫停升息
時事英文 #139 講義: 31

則可能會損害聯準會過去一年的
Fight against inflation 與通貨膨脹的對抗

以上解說對應的朗讀片段為 (慢 03:06 / 快 32:03) :

A huge decision is looming on the calendar by the


Federal Reserve. The U.S. central bank will announce
its latest move on interest rates Wednesday.

The central bank has aggressively raised interest rates


over the past year, bringing inflation down
significantly from a summer peak, though it remains
more than triple the Fed's target of 2%.

A continuation of the rate hikes risks further


intensifying the banking crisis, however, a pause on
rate increases could undermine the Federal Reserve's
fight against inflation.
時事英文 #139 講義: 32

5. 經濟衰退的風險 (16:20)
Does this make a recession more likely?
這會增加經濟衰退的可能性嗎?CNN

CNN 回答:
Yes 是的

德國媒體 DW 報導:
Recession risks have heightened
經濟衰退的風險加劇了

因為最近的
Rate increases 升息

許多的
Economists 經濟學家
Investors 投資者們

原本就預估美國的經濟至少會出現
A mild recession 輕微的經濟衰退

但現在的
Worry 擔憂
時事英文 #139 講義: 33


Regional banks 地區性銀行
所面臨的
Strains 壓力、緊張

可能提升
Recession 經濟衰退

Risk 風險

上週三,
Goldman Sachs 高盛
美國跨國投資銀行與金融服務公司

表示
The banking sector 銀行業
所面臨的
Growing stress 日益增長的壓力


Boosted the odds of a US recession within the next
12 months
增加了未來 12 個月內美國經濟衰退的可能性
時事英文 #139 講義: 34

Boost the odds 提高 / 增強什麼的機率


Boosts, boosting, boosted

銀行業的動盪讓人不免想起了
The 2007–2008 financial crisis
2007 到 2008 年的金融危機

也被稱為
Global Financial Crisis (GFC) 全球金融危機
Wikipedia

The Guardian 報導裡問:


So are we in for a repeat of the global financial
crisis of 2008?
那麼,我們是否正在重演 2008 年的全球金融危機呢?

The Guardian 分析:


It is too early to say at this stage
現階段還看不出來 / 現在怎麼說都還為時過早

一名學者告訴 Al Jazeera:
The global banking system is not about to collapse.
全球銀行體系沒有在崩潰的邊緣。
時事英文 #139 講義: 35

What we see:
我們 (現在) 看到的是:

with the tide receding,


隨著潮水退去,

we see who has been swimming naked.


我們看到了誰在裸泳 / 只是看到了大家在水下的真面目

Overall, 總體而言、總的來說

the banking system is significantly stronger than it


was in 2008
整個銀行體系比起 2008 年是強大了很多 (Al Jazeera)

Vox 報導:
The banking crisis might not be over
銀行危機可能還沒有結束

CNN 報導:
What’s certain: 可以肯定的是:
This isn’t over yet. 這一切還沒有結束。
時事英文 #139 講義: 36

以上解說對應的朗讀片段為 (慢 03:39 / 快 32:33):

Many economists and investors were already


expecting at least a mild recession to hit the U.S.
economy given all the recent rate increases. The
worry is that strains for regional banks could raise the
risk higher.

Goldman Sachs said Wednesday that growing stress


in the banking sector has boosted the odds of a US
recession within the next 12 months.

單字片語 (19:25)

Teeter on the brink / edge (片語)


Teeters, teetering, teetered

Regional banks with similar profiles to SVB have


teetered on the brink over the past week.
過去一週,與矽谷銀行相似的地區性銀行已瀕臨崩潰的邊緣 (CNN)
時事英文 #139 講義: 37

Teeter (動詞) teeters, teetering, teetered

(站著或移動時)
搖搖晃晃地、搖搖欲墜、好像快要跌倒

She was teetering around in five-inch heels.


她穿著五英寸高的高跟鞋搖搖晃晃地走來走去。Cambridge Dictionary

The pile of books teetered and fell to the floor.


那堆書搖搖晃晃地,然後掉到地上。Merriam Webster

搖擺不定 / 猶豫不決

蹺蹺板
(英國) seesaw
(美國) teeter-totter

Teetering between the two options


在兩種選擇之間搖擺不定

He paused on the street corner, teetering between


the two options.
他在街角停了下來,在兩種選擇之間搖擺不定。Google Books
時事英文 #139 講義: 38

Our relationship teeters between friendship and


romance.
我們的關係在友誼與愛情之間搖擺不定。Britannica

On the brink / edge 在什麼的邊緣上

Teeter on the brink / edge 處於某糟糕形勢的邊緣


距離某讓人不愉快的或危險的情況非常接近

Regional banks with similar profiles to SVB have


teetered on the brink over the past week.
過去一週,與矽谷銀行相似的地區性銀行已瀕臨崩潰的邊緣 (CNN)

後面常接著 of

Teetering on the edge of the cliff


在懸崖邊上搖搖欲墜

The climber was teetering on the edge of the cliff,


trying to find a safe way down.
登山者在懸崖邊上搖搖欲墜,試圖找到一條安全下山的路 (ChatGPT)
時事英文 #139 講義: 39

Teetering on the edge of extinction


瀕臨滅絕

The bird is teetering on the edge of extinction.


這隻鳥正瀕臨滅絕 (Merriam Webster)

金融危機相關

The housing market teetered on the edge of collapse.


房地產市場在崩潰的邊緣徘徊 (yourdictionary.com)

To teeter on the brink of recession


在經濟衰退的邊緣

The government's austerity measures have pushed


the economy to teeter on the brink of recession.
政府的緊縮措施已將經濟推向衰退的邊緣 (ChatGPT)

Teetering on the brink of bankruptcy


離破產很近 / 瀕臨破產的邊緣 / 快要破產了
時事英文 #139 講義: 40

The company is teetering on the brink of bankruptcy


and may have to lay off many employees.

該公司瀕臨破產邊緣,可能不得不解僱許多員工 (ChatGPT)

快要打戰

What we are seeing now is a country teetering on the


brink of civil war.
我們現在所看到的是一個瀕臨內戰的國家 (Cambridge Dictionary)

快被淘汰

After losing three games in a row, the team is


teetering on the brink of elimination from the
tournament.

在連續輸掉三場比賽後,這支球隊快要被淘汰出局了 (ChatGPT)

情緒很滿 / 快要爆發

His voice teetered on the edge of hysteria.


他的聲音 (透露出他) 正在歇斯底里的邊緣 (Collins)
時事英文 #139 講義: 41

********總結********

Teeter (動詞)
(站著或移動時) 搖搖晃晃地、搖搖欲墜、好像快要跌倒的

Teeter on the brink / edge


處於某糟糕形勢的邊緣

單字卡過幾天會在 Instagram~~

額外的英文 (23:42)

Me time (也常見 me-time)


個人的時間 ;一個很忙的人可放鬆下來,做自己喜歡的事的時間

Reduce stress 減輕壓力


Reduces, reducing, reduced

Restore energy 恢復精力


Restores, restoring, restored
時事英文 #139 講義: 42

Cambridge Dictionary 劍橋字典

Time when you can do what you want to do


可以做自己想做的事的時間 (Cambridge Dictionary)

I need some me time.


我需要一些個人的時間。

All mothers of young children should try to find some


me time.
所有育有年幼子女的媽媽們都應該設法騰出一些個人時間。Cambridge
Dictionary

Alone time
獨處的時間;自己一個人渡過的時間

I need some alone time to think things over.


我需要一些獨處的時間來釐清思緒。Merriam Webster

Alone time is an opportunity to let your mind wander


and strengthen your creativity.
獨處時間是一個讓思緒漫遊以及增強創造力的機會。Verywellmind.com
時事英文 #139 講義: 43

I love spending time alone.


我喜歡獨處。

Self-reflect 自我反省
相關名詞 self-reflection

Listen to my thoughts and feelings


聆聽我心中的想法以及感受

Do you enjoy alone time?


你享受獨處的時光嗎?

彩蛋 (32:58)

Mask mandate 戴口罩的命令


Mask requirement 戴口罩的要求
Mask rules 戴口罩的規定

It’s hard to break out of the habit…


突然要改掉該習慣不容易

Old habits die hard


舊習難改
時事英文 #139 講義: 44

Security blanket
安全毯、讓你覺得有安全感的東西

Sense of security 安全感


Sense of anonymity 匿名的感覺
Look cooler 看起來比較酷

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