Mathematics 10

Quarter 1, Week 3
Allyn R. Mendez
Mathematics Teacher
 Today’s Lesson

•Determine nth term of an arithmetic sequence,

arithmetic means, and the sum of the terms of
a given arithmetic sequence
A ceramic tile floor is designed in the shape of a trapezoid 20 feet wide at the base
and 10 feet wide at the top. The tiles, 12 inches by 12 inches, are to be
placed so that each successive row contains one less tile than the preceding row.
How many tiles will be required?
Math Concept of the Day

The Secret of Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855)

Carl Friedrich Gauss (Prince of Mathematics) is a German
Mathematician who at his very young age discovered the technique
in finding the sum of an arithmetic series. To keep his students
busy, their teacher asks them to find the sum of the first 100
counting numbers. Carl used a trick in finding the sum and he was
able to do it in a few seconds only. Do you want to know his
secret?
Math Concept of the Day
The indicated sum of the terms of an arithmetic sequence is called an arithmetic series.

The sum of the first 10 terms of the arithmetic sequence given in the example can be
written as
S10 = 8 + 15 + 22 + 29 + 36 + 43 + 50 + 57 + 64 + 71
If we will write the terms in reverse order, we will still get the same sum.
S10 = 71 + 64 + 57 + 50 + 43 + 36 + 29 + 22 + 15 + 8
Math Concept of the Day
Adding 1 and 2 equations vertically, we have
S10 = 8 + 15 + 22 + 29 + 36 + 43 + 50 + 57 + 64 + 71
S10 = 71 + 64 + 57 + 50 + 43 + 36 + 29 + 22 + 15 + 8
2S10 = 79 + 79 + 79 + 79 + 79 + 79 + 79 + 79 + 79 + 79
2𝑆10 = 79(10)
790
𝑆10 =
2
𝑆10 = 395
 Math Concept of the Day
If we will represent the values below using the terms in the sequence, we have
Number of terms added
(𝟏𝟎)𝟕𝟗 Sum of first and last terms
𝑺𝟏𝟎 =
𝟐
Therefore, we can denote the sum of the n terms of an arithmetic sequence in the form
𝒏
𝑺𝒏 = (𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝒏 )
𝟐
where, 𝑺𝒏 = sum of the n terms of an arithmetic sequence
𝒂𝟏 = first term
𝒂𝒏 = last term
𝒏 = number of terms
 Math Concept of the Day
The formula below can still be expressed in terms of the value of 𝒂𝒏 which is 𝒂𝟏 + 𝒏 − 𝟏 𝒅
𝒏
𝑺𝒏 = (𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝒏 )
𝟐
Substituting the values of 𝒂𝒏 to the formula,
𝒏
𝑺𝒏 = (𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝟏 + 𝒏 − 𝟏 𝒅)
𝟐
𝒏
𝑺𝒏 = (𝟐𝒂𝟏 + 𝒏 − 𝟏 𝒅)
𝟐
where, 𝑺𝒏 = sum of the n terms of an arithmetic sequence
𝒂𝟏 = first term 𝒅 = common difference
𝒂𝒏 = last term
𝒏 = number of terms
 Math Concept of the Day

In finding the sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic sequence, you may use either
of the two formula
𝒏
𝑺𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝒏
𝟐

𝒏
𝑺𝒏 = [𝟐𝒂𝟏 + 𝒏 − 𝟏 𝒅]
𝟐
A ceramic tile floor is designed in the shape of a trapezoid 20 feet wide at the base
and 10 feet wide at the top. The tiles, 12 inches by 12 inches, are to be
placed so that each successive row contains one less tile than the preceding row.
How many tiles will be required?
 Solution:
𝑎1 = 20 𝑎𝑛 = 10 𝑑 = -1 𝒏=?
Substituting the values in the formula, 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 + 𝒏 − 𝟏 𝒅
𝟏𝟎 = 𝟐𝟎 + 𝒏 − 𝟏 − 𝟏
𝟏𝟎 = 𝟐𝟎 − 𝒏 + 𝟏
𝒏 = 𝟏𝟏
𝑛
Substituting the values in the formula, 𝑆𝑛 = (𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛 )
2
11
𝑆11 =
2
(10 + 20) 𝑆11 = 165
𝑆11 =
11
(30)
Therefore, 165 tiles is required in the ceramic tile floor designed in
2 the shape of a trapezoid.
 Examples:
1. What is the sum of the odd integers from 1 to 50?
Solution:
1, 3, 5, … , 49
𝑎1 = 1 𝑎𝑛 = 49 𝑛 = 25
𝑛
Substituting the values in the formula, 𝑆𝑛 = 2
(𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛 )
25 𝑆𝑛 = 25(25)
𝑆𝑛 = (1 + 49)
2
25 𝑆𝑛 = 625
𝑆𝑛 = (50)
2
2. What is the sum of the first 12 terms of the arithmetic sequence
5, 13, 21, 29, …
Solution: 𝑎1 = 5 d = 8 n = 12
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎1 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑]
2
12
𝑆12 = [2(5) + 12 − 1 8]
2
𝑆12 = 6[10 + 11 8]
𝑆12 = 6[98]
𝑆12 = 588
3. Find the sum of the multiples of 3 between 1 and 100.
Solution: 𝑎1 = 3 𝑎𝑛 = 99 d = 3 n = ?
First, we need to find the value of n, or the number of multiples between 1 and 100.
𝑎𝑛 −𝑎1
Using the formula, 𝑛 = 𝑑 + 1
99−3
𝑛= + 1
3
96
𝑛= +1
3
𝑛 = 32 + 1
𝑛 = 33
Solution: 𝑎1 = 3 𝑎𝑛 = 99 d=3 n = 33
𝒏
Using the formula,𝑺𝒏 =
𝟐
𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝒏
𝟑𝟑
𝑺𝟑𝟑 = 𝟑 + 𝟗𝟗
𝟐
𝟑𝟑
𝑺𝟑𝟑 = 𝟏𝟎𝟐
𝟐
𝑺𝟑𝟑 = 𝟑𝟑(𝟓𝟏)
𝑺𝟑𝟑 = 𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟑
4. Caleb Steff receives offers from two companies. Company A pays Php 180, 000 yearly with
raises of Php 24, 000 a year. Company B pays Php 240, 000 yearly with raises of Php 10, 000 a
year. Which company pays the greater total amount in 10 years?
Solution:
Company A: 𝑎1 = 180, 000 𝑑 = 24, 000 n = 10
Company B: 𝑎1 = 240, 000 𝑑 = 10, 000 n = 10
Since the last term is not given, we use the formula,
𝒏
𝑺𝒏 = [𝟐𝒂𝟏 + 𝒏 − 𝟏 𝒅]
𝟐
Company A: 𝑎1 = 180, 000 𝑑 = 24, 000 n = 10
𝒏
𝑺𝒏 = [𝟐𝒂𝟏 + 𝒏 − 𝟏 𝒅]
𝟐
𝟏𝟎
𝑺𝟏𝟎 = [𝟐(𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎) + 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟏 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎]
𝟐

𝑺𝟏𝟎 = 𝟓(𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 + 𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎)

= 𝟐 𝟖𝟖𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎

Company B: 𝑎1 = 240, 000 𝑑 = 10, 000 n = 10

𝒏
𝑺𝒏 = [𝟐𝒂𝟏 + 𝒏 − 𝟏 𝒅]
𝟐
𝟏𝟎
𝑺𝟏𝟎 = [𝟐(𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎) + 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟏 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎]
𝟐

𝑺𝟏𝟎 = 𝟓(𝟒𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎 + 𝟗𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎)

= 𝟐 𝟖𝟓𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎

Company A offers the greater total amount.

5. Find the sum Sn of the first n terms of the sequence an = 3n + 5
8 + 11 + 14 + … + 3n + 5
Solution: a1 = 8 an = 3n + 5
𝒏
𝑺𝒏 = 𝟖 + 𝟑𝒏 + 𝟓
𝟐
𝒏
𝑺𝒏 = 𝟑𝒏 + 𝟏𝟑
𝟐
Seatwork:
A. Find each sum:
1. 5 + 9 + 13 + ….. + 49
2. 2 + 4 + 6 + … + 70
3. 7 + 1 – 5 -11 - … - 299
4. 2 + 5 + 8 + … + 41
5. - 1 + 3 + 7 + …+ (4n – 5)
Seatwork:
B. Solve:
1. Find x so that x + 2, 4x and 6x + 1 are terms of an arithmetic sequence. Write out
the terms.
Thank you
and God
bless!