EXAMS OFFICE

3 hrs 30 mins 17 / 09 /2019 USE ONLY

University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg

Course or topic No(s) CIVN4010

Course or topic name(s)

Paper Number & title HYDRAULICS ENGINEERING

Examination/Test* to be held during

month(s) of (*delete as applicable) September 17, 2019

Year of Study (Arts & Science leave blank) FOURTH

Degree/Diplomas for which

This course is prescribed BSc(Eng)
(BSc (Eng) should indicate which branch)

Faculty/ies presenting candidates ENGINEERING AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

Internal examiner(s) and PROF A TAIGBENU x77136

Telephone extension number(s) PROF T TANYIMBOH x77105

External examiner(s) Dr W NYABEZE

Special materials required

(graph/music/drawing paper, maps, Graph paper
diagrams, tables, computer cards, etc.)

Course CIVN4010/
Hours
Time allowance No(s) CIVN4010A 3hrs 30 mins

 ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

Instructions to candidates
(Examiners may wish to use this space  Students are allowed into the exam venue with 1
to indicate, inter alia, the contribution sheet of hand-written formulas.
made by this examination or test towards
the year mark, if appropriate)

Internal Examiners or Heads of Department are requested

to sign the declaration overleaf
QUESTION 1

A 2.0 m wide rectangular channel has a slope of 0.001 and Manning’s coefficient of 0.015. A
short smooth lateral contraction followed by an expansion to the original width is used to induce
critical flow for the purpose of flow measurement.

(a) Sketch the water surface profile of the flow, making use of the following:
i. plan; and
ii. longitudinal section showing the water surface profile and total energy line.
Consider annotating or numbering any sections of interest as e.g. 1, 2, 3, …

(3 marks)

(b) Determine the width at the contraction if a hydraulic jump forms immediately downstream
of the expansion when the discharge is 3.0 m3/s.
(11 marks)

(c) Calculate the flow depth immediately upstream of the measuring structure at this discharge.
(2 marks)

QUESTION 2

A rectangular concrete-lined channel with a Manning’s coefficient of 0.012 has a width of 4.5
m and slope of 0.0015. The discharge is 45 m3/s.

(a) Calculate the uniform flow (or normal) and critical depths. (4 marks)
(b) If a hydraulic jump occurs, determine the downstream and upstream depths of the jump.
(3 marks)
(c) At a given location the depth of flow is 1.55 m. You may assume that the channel
downstream of this location is sufficiently long for uniform flow conditions to become
established. Classify and sketch the water surface profile of the flow downstream of this
location. You may use the results obtained in part (a). (8 marks)
(d) Estimate the flow depth 70 m downstream from the location where the flow depth is 1.55
m. If nonuniform flow computations are required, perform these using 3 approximately
equal steps. (9 marks)

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QUESTION 3
A 14m wide, vertical upstream face gravity spillway serves as the outflow structure from a
reservoir. (Use the Gravity Spillway charts in Figure A1 to aid your solution.)
(a) Determine the relationship for the profile of the crest and face that allows for a 100-year
discharge of 240 m3/s so that the water level in the reservoir does not exceed 75m at a
location where the bottom elevation of the reservoir is 69m. (Note: it is not required to
produce a sketch of the spillway profile.). (9 marks)
(b) Determine the water depth before and after the jump that is formed in the stilling basin
which is at toe of the spillway. Assume the elevation of the stilling basin is 69m and its
width is 14m. (4 marks)

QUESTION 4
(a) For the pipe-pump system shown in Figure Q4a, determine the maximum flow that can be
delivered by the pump, its head and power requirement if the pressure at the entrance to the
city is 40m head of water. The variation of the pipe frictional loss with discharge is given in
Table Q4, while the pump characteristics are presented in Figure Q4b. (Note: the solution
can be implemented in Figure Q4 and submitted with the answer booklet.)
(4 marks)
(b) If the water demand by the city increases to 3.0m3/s, what will be the reduced pressure of
the pipe at the entrance to the city with the pump in operation. (6 marks)

(c) With this increased demand of the city of 3.0m3/s, two identical pumps are connected in
series so as to still maintain a head of at least 40m at the entrance of the city. With this
series arrangement at the demand of 3.0m3/s, determine the pressure at the entrance of the
city. What is the power requirement of the series arrangement? (7 marks)

Figure Q4a

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Table Q4
Discharge, Q (m3/s) 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
Pipe friction loss (m) 0 1.6 2.8 5.5 8.2 12.8 17.6 23.5

Student No: ………………………………………….

(Attach the completed graph with your Answer script)

Figure Q4b: Pump characteristic curves for Question 4

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Question 5
Implement only one iteration to determine the flows in the pipes and hydraulic heads at the
junctions of the network in Figure Q5. Use the initial estimates of the flows (in litres/sec) that are
indicated in Figure Q5 to start the solution iteration process. Use hL =KQ2, where hL is the head
loss in metres, K is given for each pipe in Table Q6 and Q is in m3/s. (Clearly indicate the flows
and their directions in each pipe after the first iteration.) (17 marks)

Table Q5
Pipe AB BC CD BD BF DF DE
Length (m) 800 1000 1000 900 900 900 1000
Diameter (mm) 900 600 600 600 600 600 600
K 80 120 120 130 130 130 120

Figure Q5
QUESTION 6
Analyse the branch pipeline system that is shown in Fig. Q6 by carrying out only one iteration
to estimate the flows in the pipes and hydraulic heads at junctions 2 and 5. There is a supply of
40l/s to Junction 2 and a demand of 30l/s from Junction 5, and the water elevations in all the
reservoirs are indicated in Fig Q6. Use the head loss relationship hL =KQ2, where hL is the head
loss in metres, K is given for each pipe in Table Q6 and Q is in m3/s. Start the solution process
with initial estimates for the hydraulic head at Junction 2 to be 108.5m and at Junction 5 to be
104.4m. (Clearly indicate the flows in each pipe and hydraulic heads at each junction after
the first iteration.) (13 marks)

Table Q6: Pipe Characteristics

Pipe 12 32 25 45 65
Length (m) 1000 1000 1400 1000 1000
Diameter, D (mm) 450 450 600 450 450
K 120 120 100 120 120

Figure Q6

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Figure A1: Gravity Spillway Charts.

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