MM105301MM Non-destructive Testing

Magnetic Particle Testing(MPT)

Dr. R. Bheekya Naik

Assistant Professor

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Procedure of Magnetic Particle Inspection
• Step 1: Pre-Cleaning
• Step 2: Introduction of Magnetic Field
• Step 3: Application of Magnetic Media
• Step 4: Interpretation of Magnetic Particle Indications

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1. Pre-cleaning
• It is essential for the particles to have an unimpeded
path for migration to both strong and weak leakage
fields alike.
• The part’s surface should be clean and dry before
inspection.
• Contaminants such as oil, grease, or scale may not only
prevent particles from being attracted to leakage fields,
they may also interfere with interpretation of
indications.

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 2. Introduction of Magnetic Field
• The common magnetizing methods as either direct or indirect.
• Magnetization Using Direct Induction (Direct Magnetization): current is passed directly through the
component. The flow of current causes a circular magnetic field to form in and around the conductor.

There are several ways that direct

magnetization is commonly accomplished.

- One way involves clamping the component

between two electrical contacts in a special piece
of equipment.
• When the magnetizing current is stopped, a
residual magnetic field will remain within the
component.
• The strength of the induced magnetic field is
proportional to the amount of current passed • A second technique involves using clamps or prods, which are attached
through the component or placed in contact with the component.
• Electrical current flows through the component from contact to contact.
• The current sets up a circular magnetic field around the path of the
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current.
 2. Introduction of Magnetic Field..
• Magnetization Using Indirect Induction (Indirect Magnetization) using
a strong external magnetic field to establish a magnetic field within the
component.
a. Permanent magnets is a low cost method of establishing a magnetic
field. lack of control of the field strength and the difficulty of placing and
removing strong permanent magnets from the component.
b. Electromagnets in the form of an adjustable horseshoe magnet (called a
yoke). Electromagnets only exhibit a magnetic flux when electric current
is flowing around the soft iron core. When the magnet is placed on the
component, a magnetic field is established between the north and south
poles of the magnet.
c. Central conductor Current is passed through the copper bar and the
resulting circular magnetic field establishes a magnetic field within the
test components. Typically, one or more cylindrical components are hung
from a solid copper bar running through the inside diameter.
d. Coils and solenoids The component is placed longitudinally in the
concentrated magnetic field that fills the center of a coil or solenoid. This
magnetization technique is often referred to as a "coil shot".
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 Magnetic Fields Distribution and Intensity
• A longitudinal magnetic field has
magnetic lines of force that run
parallel to the long axis of the part.
• A circular magnetic field has
magnetic lines of force that run
circumferentially around the
perimeter of a part.

• Being able to magnetize the part in two directions is

important because the best detection of defects occurs
when the lines of magnetic force are established at right
angles to the longest dimension of the defect. This
orientation creates the largest disruption of the
magnetic field within the part and the greatest flux
leakage at the surface of the part
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 Importance of Magnetic Field Direction
• Defects may occur in various and unknown
directions, each part is normally magnetized in two
directions at right angles to each other.
• Defects that have a significant dimension in the
direction of the current (longitudinal defects) should
be detectable.
• Alternately, transverse-type defects will not be
detectable with circular magnetization.

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3. Application of Magnetic Media
• Dry method, the particles are lightly dusted on to the surface.
• Dry particles when used with direct current are superior for detecting
discontinuities lying just below the surface
• The use of alternating current with dry particles is excellent for reveling
surface cracks that are not exceedingly fine.
• Dry particles are most sensitive for use on very rough surfaces.
• They are ordinarily used with portable equipment & are not
recommended for reuse
• Available in yellow, red, black, and grey pigmented coloring
• Wet method, the part is flooded with a solution carrying the
particles.
• Wet particles are better than dry particles for detecting very fine surface
discontinuities (like fatigue cracks) regardless of which form of
magnetization current is used
• The surface of the part can easily be covered with a wet bath because
the bath flows over and around surface contours, which is not possible
with dry powders.
• The particles are supplied in the form of a paste that is suspended in a
liquid to produce the bath
• Wet particles are commonly used in stationary equipment
• Available in red and black colors or as fluorescent particles. 9
Interpretation of Magnetic Particle Indications

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