Test Bank for Biology The Essentials, 1st Edition : Hoefnagels

Test Bank for Biology The Essentials, 1st Edition :

Hoefnagels

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fnagels/

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 ch08
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

1. What molecule holds instructions for the synthesis of proteins and copies itself for the next generation of
cells?
A. ATP synthase
B. DNA
C. RNA
D. NAD
E. FAD
2. DNA's sugar-phosphate backbones are joined with
A. ionic bonds.
B. hydrogen bonds.
C. weak chemical bonds.
D. covalent bonds.
3. Strands of DNA are joined by
A. hydrogen bonds.
B. covalent bonds.
C. ionic bonds.
D. phosphodiester bonds.
4. The genome of an organism is all of its
A. proteins.
B. RNA.
C. characteristics.
D. genetic material.
E. All answers are correct.
5. The process by which DNA reproduces itself is
A. protein synthesis.
B. aerobic respiration.
C. replication.
D. substrate-phosphorylation.
E. photosynthesis.
6. The enzyme that unwinds DNA is
A. helicase.
B. interphase.
C. DNA polymerase.
D. prophase.
E. ligase.
7. The enzyme that adds nucleotides to form new strands of DNA is
A. interphase.
B. prophase.
C. ligase.
D. helicase.
E. DNA polymerase.
8. Mutations may be caused by
A. errors in prokaryotic replication.
B. exposure to radiation.
C. exposure to chemicals.
D. errors in eukaryotic replication.
E. All answers are correct.
9. Apoptosis is also called
A. replication.
B. mitosis.
C. programmed cell death.
D. the cell cycle.
E. programmed cellular reproduction.
10. Before a cell divides, it must first duplicate its entire
A. cytoplasmic contents.
B. cell membrane structure.
C. array of enzymes.
D. genome.
E. cell wall.
11. A discrete package of DNA and associated proteins in eukaryotes is a
A. chromosome.
B. nucleus.
C. ribosome.
D. Golgi body.
E. centriole.
12. A nucleosome consists of
A. a stretch of DNA and histones.
B. a stretch of DNA only.
C. a stretch of RNA only.
D. a stretch of RNA and a ribosome.
E. histones only.
13. Eukaryotic chromosomes become visible with a light microscope before cell division because
A. they become less tightly wound.
B. they become more tightly wound.
C. they increase in length.
D. they leave the cell.
E. they increase in length and leave the cell.
14. One of two identical attached copies of a replicated chromosome defines the term
A. centromere.
B. chromatin.
C. chromosome.
D. nucleosome.
E. chromatid.
15. A part of a chromosome that attaches sister chromatids to each other defines the term
A. chromatin.
B. nucleosome.
C. centromere.
D. histone.
E. None of the answers are correct
16. DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus defines the term
A. centromere.
B. nucleosome.
C. histone.
D. chromatin.
E. chromosome.
17. A discrete continuous molecule of DNA wrapped around protein defines the term
A. nucleosome.
B. chromosome.
C. centromere.
D. histone.
E. genome.
18. Sister chromatids are
A. genetically identical and attached to each other at the centromere.
B. genetically different and attached to each other at the centromere.
C. genetically different.
D. genetically identical.
E. attached to each other at the centromere.
19. The process by which a sperm cell combines with an egg cell is
A. fertilization.
B. recombination.
C. replication.
D. mitosis.
E. germination.
20. Mitosis is used for all of the following except
A. repair of damaged cells.
B. growth of an organism.
C. asexual reproduction.
D. formation of gametes.
E. production of genetically-identical daughter cells.
21. Meiosis is a process used for
A. repair of damaged cells.
B. growth of an organism.
C. asexual reproduction.
D. production of stem cells.
E. production of gametes.
22. The two main stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle are
A. interphase and cytokinesis.
B. interphase and mitosis.
C. mitosis and cytokinesis.
D. interphase and prophase.
E. mitosis and meiosis.
23. The splitting of a cell into two daughter cells in the eukaryotic cell cycle is
A. mitosis.
B. interphase.
C. cytokinesis.
D. metaphase.
E. anaphase.
24. The division of the nucleus during the eukaryotic cell cycle is
A. mitosis.
B. interphase.
C. synthesis.
D. cytokinesis.
E. replication.
25. The replication of DNA during the eukaryotic cell cycle occurs during
A. mitosis.
B. cytokinesis.
C. prophase.
D. telophase.
E. interphase.
26. The correct sequence for the phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle is
A. interphase - prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase - cytokinesis.
B. interphase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase.
C. prophase - anaphase - metaphase - telophase.
D. interphase - prophase - cytokinesis - anaphase - telophase.
E. metaphase - anaphase - interphase - prophase - telophase - cytokinesis.
27. The correct sequence for the phases of mitosis is
A. interphase - prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase - cytokinesis.
B. interphase - prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase.
C. metaphase - anaphase - prophase - telophase.
D. prophase - metaphase - cytokinesis - anaphase - telophase.
E. prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase.
28. The component of the cytoskeleton that attaches to the chromosomes in order to pull and separate them is
the
A. Golgi apparatus.
B. centromere.
C. centrosome.
D. mitotic spindle.
E. kinetochore.
29. The structure that organizes the protein subunits of the mitotic spindle is the
A. centromere.
B. kinetochore.
C. centrosome.
D. cytoskeleton.
E. microfilaments.
30. The phase of mitosis in which the nuclear envelope breaks into small pieces is
A. prophase.
B. metaphase.
C. anaphase.
D. interphase.
E. telophase.
31. The phase of mitosis in which the centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of
the cell is
A. prophase.
B. anaphase.
C. interphase.
D. metaphase.
E. telophase.
32. The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes are aligned along the equator of the cell is
A. metaphase.
B. prophase.
C. interphase.
D. anaphase.
E. telophase.
33. The phase of mitosis in which the nuclear envelope begins to reform around chromosomes is
A. prophase.
B. interphase.
C. metaphase.
D. anaphase.
E. telophase.
34. The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes condense and centrosomes move to opposite poles of the
cell is
A. interphase.
B. metaphase.
C. prophase.
D. anaphase.
E. telophase.
35. The first sign of cytokinesis in an animal cell is the formation of a
A. cell plate.
B. cleavage furrow.
C. cell wall.
D. nucleolus.
E. nuclear envelope.
36. The first sign of cytokinesis in a plant cell is the formation of a
A. nuclear envelope.
B. nucleolus.
C. cleavage furrow.
D. cell plate.
E. spindle fiber.
37. In an asexual life cycle, cells reproduce by
A. meiosis.
B. fertilization.
C. meiosis and fertilization.
D. mitosis.
E. All answers are correct.
38. In a sexual life cycle, a zygote (fertilized egg) grows to an adult by
A. meiosis.
B. fertilization.
C. meiosis and fertilization.
D. mitosis.
E. All answers are correct.
39. How does the space between our fingers arise?
A. The cells form by apoptosis.
B. Mitosis of the cells is blocked.
C. The cells die by apoptosis.
D. Meiosis of the cells is blocked.
E. The cells become part of the fingers.
40. If one strand of a DNA molecule has the base sequence of 5' ATGTGCC 3' the complementary strand of
DNA will read
A. 3' ATGTGCC 5'.
B. 3' TACACGG 5'.
C. 3' UACACGG 5'.
D. 3' CGTGTAA 5'.
E. 3' GGCACAT 5'.
41. If one strand of a DNA molecule has the base sequence of 5' CGGCATTA 3' the complementary strand
of DNA will read
A. 3' CGGCATTA 5'.
B. 3' ATTACGGC 5'.
C. 3' GCCGTUUT 5'.
D. 3' GCCGTAAT 5'.
E. 3' TAATGCCG 5'.
42. If a mutation causes the "T" base in the base sequence 5' AGTCCG 3' to be read as a "G" base, DNA
replication of the mutated sequence will read
A. 3' TCCGGC 5'.
B. 3' AGGCCG 5'.
C. 3' CTTAAT 5'.
D. 3' UCCGGC 5'.
E. 3' AGTCCG 5'.
43. If a mutation causes the "G" base in the base sequence 5' AATGAC 3' to be read as a "T" base, DNA
replication of the mutated sequence will read
A. 3' AATTAC 5'.
B. 3' TTCCTG 5'.
C. 3' GGCCGT 5'.
D. 3' TTAATG 5'.
E. 3' AATGAC 5'.
44. When DNA replicates
A. the original DNA is not affected and a new double-stranded DNA is made from two new strands of
DNA.
B. one strand of the original DNA ends up in each of the new DNA molecules.
C. the original DNA unwinds, and multiple copies of a region are transcribed before the DNA closes back
up.
D. transcription factors determine where to begin DNA replication.
E. a cell that was diploid (2N) will now be tetraploid (4N).
45. A cell condenses its DNA into ______ in preparation for mitosis.
A. centromere
B. chromatin
C. centrioles
D. two nuclei
E. chromosomes
46. The chemotherapy drug taxol inhibits microtubule function. A cell treated with taxol would become stuck
in which phase?
A. prophase
B. metaphase
C. anaphase
D. telophase
E. cytokinesis
47. Why don't plant cells form a cleavage furrow during cytokinesis?
A. because they don't have a cell membrane
B. because their cells don't divide after mitosis, but become one larger cell with multiple nuclei
C. because they have a cell wall
D. because they don't have a nucleus
E. All answers are correct.
48. Bypassing a checkpoint in the cell cycle may result in a cancer cell
A. dividing after mutations are fixed.
B. continuing to divide and replicate with faulty DNA.
C. condensing its chromosomes before mitosis.
D. aligning chromosomes on the equator of the cell during metaphase.
E. pulling chromosomes apart during anaphase.
49. In the section "Investigating Life: Cutting Off a Tumor’s Supply Lines in the War on Cancer", the
standard chemotherapy drug forms crosslinks between the two strands of DNA in a chromosome. How is
this effective in chemotherapy?
A. It blocks cytokinesis.
B. It delays DNA replication.
C. It activates the cell cycle.
D. It activates cytokinesis.
E. It aids spindle fibers in anaphase.
50. In the section "Investigating Life: Cutting Off a Tumor’s Supply Lines in the War on Cancer", what
hypothesis were the researchers testing by treating tumors with endostatin and the standard chemotherapy
drug?
A. Endostatin works on endothelial cells, and therefore natural selection for resistance will not occur in
tumor cells.
B. Endostatin works on tumor cells, and therefore natural selection for resistance will not occur in
endothelial cells.
C The standard chemotherapy drug works on endothelial cells, and therefore natural selection for
. resistance will not occur in tumor cells.
D The standard chemotherapy drug works on tumor cells, and therefore natural selection for resistance
. will not occur in endothelial cells.
51. In the section "Investigating Life: Cutting Off a Tumor’s Supply Lines in the War on Cancer", what is the
dependent variable in the figure?
A. volume of the tumor in humans
B. treatment days
C. treatment with endostatin
D. treatment with standard chemotherapy drug
E. the volume of the tumor in mice
52. In the section "Investigating Life: Cutting Off a Tumor’s Supply Lines in the War on Cancer", what did
the researchers conclude from part a. of the figure?
A. Endostatin shrank tumors but resistance developed.
B. The standard chemotherapy drug delayed the growth of tumors without development of resistance.
C. Endostatin shrank tumors without development of resistance.
D. The standard chemotherapy drug delayed the growth of tumors but resistance developed.
E. Tumors in untreated cells shrank in size.
53. In the section "Investigating Life: Cutting Off a Tumor’s Supply Lines in the War on Cancer", what did
the researchers conclude from part b. of the figure?
A. The standard chemotherapy drug delayed the growth of tumors but resistance developed.
B. Endostatin shrank tumors without development of resistance.
C. Endostatin shrank tumors but resistance developed.
D. The standard chemotherapy drug delayed the growth of tumors without development of resistance.
E. Tumors in untreated cells shrank in size.
54. In the section "Investigating Life: Cutting Off a Tumor’s Supply Lines in the War on Cancer", endostatin
is a 184-amino acid protein that only affects endothelial cells. What is the best explanation for this
observation?
A. Endothelial cells produce endostatin.
B. Endostatin can diffuse across the membrane of endothelial cells.
C. Only endothelial cells are exposed to endostatin.
D. Endothelial cells have a receptor on their cell membrane for endostatin.
E. Endostatin enters endothelial cells by endocytosis.
55. Any change in a cell's DNA sequence is a mutation.
True False
56. During each round of replication, a mutation occurs in approximately 1% of a cell's nucleotides.
True False
57. Each newly replicated molecule of DNA contains one conserved strand from the original DNA molecule.

True False
58. A replicated chromosome consists of two sister chromatids.
True False
59. Replication takes place during the G1 phase of interphase.
True False
60. During cytokinesis of a plant cell, the cell divides by forming a cleavage furrow.
True False
61. During the cell cycle there are several checkpoints that ensure that the cell cycle is proceeding correctly.

True False
62. An abnormal mass of tissue is a tumor.
True False
63. If a cancer metastasizes, its cells travel through the blood stream and colonize other areas of the body.

True False
64. An asexual process used by prokaryotes in which replicated DNA and other cell parts are distributed into
two daughter cells is called
A. mitosis.
B. binary fusion.
C. daughter cell duplication.
D. binary fission.
E. conjugation.
65. Which of the following is correct about both binary fission and mitosis?
A. Both are asexual forms of cell reproduction.
B. Both result in genetically-identical cells.
C. Both replicate the DNA before the cell splits.
D. Both result in two daughter cells.
E. All answers are correct.
66. Which of the following is correct about both binary fission and meiosis?
A. Both result in genetically-identical cells.
B. Both result in one daughter cell.
C. Both are asexual forms of cell reproduction.
D. Both replicate the DNA before the cell splits.
E. All answers are correct.
67. Binary fission produces ______ cells, mitosis produces ______ cells, and meiosis produces ______ cells.

A. prokaryotic; eukaryotic body; eukaryotic sex

B. genetic; body; sex
C. eukaryotic; prokaryotic body; prokaryotic sex
D. genetically-different; genetically-identical; genetically-different
E. genetically-identical; genetically-different; genetically-identical
68. Bacteria and archaeans do not receive new genetic material from binary fission, but from mutations and
gene transfers.
True False
 A B C D

E F G

69. The plant cell in the image labeled "a" is in the cell cycle stage
A. interphase.
B. prophase.
C. anaphase.
D. telophase.
E. metaphase.
70. The plant cell in the image labeled "b" is in the cell cycle stage
A. interphase.
B. telophase.
C. anaphase.
D. metaphase.
E. prophase.
71. The plant cell in the image labeled "c" is in the cell cycle stage
A. metaphase.
B. telophase.
C. anaphase.
D. interphase.
72. The plant cell in the image labeled "d" is in the cell cycle stage
A. metaphase.
B. anaphase.
C. prophase.
D. telophase.
E. interphase.
73. The plant cell in the image labeled "e" is in the cell cycle stage
A. interphase.
B. telophase.
C. prophase.
D. anaphase.
E. metaphase.
74. Which of the following does NOT increase the risk for developing cancer?
A. vigorous exercise
B. poor diet
C. mutated genes
D. sun exposure
E. tobacco
 ch08 Key
1. B

2. D

3. A

4. D

5. C

6. A

7. E

8. E

9. C

10. D

11. A

12. A

13. B

14. E

15. C

16. D

17. B

18. A

19. A

20. D

21. E

22. B

23. C

24. A

25. E

26. A

27. E

28. D

29. C

30. A

31. B

32. A

33. E

34. C

35. B

36. D
37. D

38. D

39. C

40. B

41. D

42. A

43. D

44. B

45. E

46. A

47. C

48. B

49. B

50. A

51. E

52. C

53. A

54. D

55. TRUE

56. FALSE

57. TRUE

58. TRUE

59. FALSE

60. FALSE

61. TRUE

62. TRUE

63. TRUE

64. D

65. E

66. D

67. A

68. TRUE

69. A

70. E

71. A

72. B

73. B

74. A
Test Bank for Biology The Essentials, 1st Edition : Hoefnagels

ch08 Summary
Category # of Questions
Blooms Level: 1. Remember 46
Blooms Level: 2. Understand 5
Blooms Level: 3. Apply 17
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze 6
Hoefnagels - Test Bank... 76
Learning Outcome: 08.00.01 Explain how cells divide to give rise to identical cells. 2
Learning Outcome: 08.01.01 Identify the roles of mitosis, meiosis, and fertilization in the human life cycle. 5
Learning Outcome: 08.01.02 Define aptosis. 2
Learning Outcome: 08.02.01 Describe the steps of DNA replication and the function of enzymes in each step. 12
Learning Outcome: 08.02.02 Explain what features of DNA allow semiconservative replication to occur. 2
Learning Outcome: 08.03.01 Describe the events of binary fission in prokaryotic cells. 5
Learning Outcome: 08.04.01 Describe how DNA folds into a visible chromosome. 11
Learning Outcome: 08.05.01 Explain what is happening in a eukaryotic cell at each stage of the cell cycle. 19
Learning Outcome: 08.05.02 Diagram and identify the phases in mitosis. 5
Learning Outcome: 08.06.01 Explain how cell cycle checkpoints relate to cancer. 4
Learning Outcome: 08.06.02 List some of the factors that increase the risk for developing cancer. 2
Learning Outcome: 08.06.03 Describe the most common treatments for cancer. 1
Learning Outcome: 08.07.01 Apply the concept of natural selection to the development of drug resistance in a tumor. 6
Section: 08.01 9
Section: 08.02 14
Section: 08.03 5
Section: 08.04 10
Section: 08.05 24
Section: 08.06 6
Section: 08.07 6
Topic: Cell Cycle and Mitosis 43
Topic: DNA Replication 31
Type: Investigating Life 6

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