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    Drug Interaction

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    Mikylla Melecio
    The document discusses several factors that influence drug action including age, gender, body weight, metabolic rate, illness, psychological aspects, dependence, tolerance, cumulative effect, and environmental and immunological factors. It then describes various principles of drug interactions such as potentiation when drugs increase each other's effects, interference when a drug inhibits metabolism of another, displacement of one drug by another, and incompatibility when drugs should not be mixed. Finally, it outlines principles of drug action including drugs altering existing cellular functions, interacting through chemical or receptor binding mechanisms, and having agonist or antagonist properties.

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    Drug Interaction

    Uploaded by

    Mikylla Melecio
    2 views24 pages
    The document discusses several factors that influence drug action including age, gender, body weight, metabolic rate, illness, psychological aspects, dependence, tolerance, cumulative effect, and environmental and immunological factors. It then describes various principles of drug interactions such as potentiation when drugs increase each other's effects, interference when a drug inhibits metabolism of another, displacement of one drug by another, and incompatibility when drugs should not be mixed. Finally, it outlines principles of drug action including drugs altering existing cellular functions, interacting through chemical or receptor binding mechanisms, and having agonist or antagonist properties.

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    Drug interaction

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    The document discusses several factors that influence drug action including age, gender, body weight, metabolic rate, illness, psychological aspects, dependence, tolerance, cumulative effect, and environmental and immunological factors. It then describes various principles of drug interactions such as potentiation when drugs increase each other's effects, interference when a drug inhibits metabolism of another, displacement of one drug by another, and incompatibility when drugs should not be mixed. Finally, it outlines principles of drug action including drugs altering existing cellular functions, interacting through chemical or receptor binding mechanisms, and having agonist or antagonist properties.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    2 views24 pages

    Drug Interaction

    Uploaded by

    Mikylla Melecio
    The document discusses several factors that influence drug action including age, gender, body weight, metabolic rate, illness, psychological aspects, dependence, tolerance, cumulative effect, and environmental and immunological factors. It then describes various principles of drug interactions such as potentiation when drugs increase each other's effects, interference when a drug inhibits metabolism of another, displacement of one drug by another, and incompatibility when drugs should not be mixed. Finally, it outlines principles of drug action including drugs altering existing cellular functions, interacting through chemical or receptor binding mechanisms, and having agonist or antagonist properties.

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    of 24

    FACTORS

    INFLUENCING
    DRUG
    ACTION
    1. Age
    - most sensitive to the response of drugs:
    A. infants
    B. very elderly
    2. Gender
    MALE vs FEMALE

    3. Body weight
    - overweight
    - underweight
    - pediatrics-
    calculated mL
    of drug/ kgBW
    4. Metabolic Rate / Genetic Factors

    5. Illness
    - pathologic conditions alter
    rate of absorption, distribution,
    metabolism and excretion
    6. Psychological Aspects
    - attitudes and
    expectations
    - willingness to take
    medicines as prescribed

    7. Dependence- also known


    as addiction or habituation
    - physical dependence-
    - psychological
    dependence-
    8. Tolerance-

    higher doses are


    required to
    produce the same
    effect that lower
    doses once
    provided
    can be caused by
    psychological
    dependence
    9. Cumulative Effect-
    if the next doses are
    administered before
    previously
    administered doses
    have been
    metabolized or
    excreted.
    - may result in drug toxicity
    - rate of consumption, rate
    of metabolism (eg. alcohol)
    10. Environmental factors

    11. Immunological
    factors
    occurs when the
    administration of
    one drug, alters
    the effect of one or
    both
    Effect: increased or
    decreased
    POTENTIATING
    a. Additive
    - When two of the
    b. Synergestic
    same type of drug - When two
    increase the different drugs
    action of each increase the
    other action of one or
    another drug
    Codeine + Aspirin
    effect of
    Probenecid to Penicillin
    qc. INTERFERENCE
    Ø 1 drug inhibits the metabolism
    /excretion of a 2nd drug causing
    INCREASED activity of the 2nd
    drug
    probenecid + spectinomycin
    =PROLONGED antibacterial
    action
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YYE7yrIqsPg
    qd. DISPLACEMENT
    Ø displacement of a drug by
    a 2nd drug
    the activity of the 1st drug
    Ø warfarin +valproic acid =
    INCREASED anticoagulant
    AGONIST
    Drug that produces the
    same type of response
    as the physiologic or
    endogenous substance

    Epinephrine-like
    drugs increase HR
    DECREASED
    ANTAGONIST
    Drug that inhibits
    the
    cell function by
    occupying receptor
    sites

    Narcan, use to counter


    the effect of opiates
    qINCOMPATIBILITY
    Ø DECREASED intestinal
    absorption
    Øshould not be mixed or
    administered together at
    the same time =
    ØHAZINESS, PRECIPITATE or
    CHANGE IN COLOR
    PRINCIPLES OF DRUG ACTION
    1. Drugs do not create new
    cellular functions but rather alter
    existing one
    eg. antibiotic slows the growth
    and/or reproduction of organism
    *** drug action is relative to the
    physiological state which existed when
    the drug was administered.
    2. Drugs may interact
    with the body in several
    different ways :
    A. Alter the chemical
    composition of a body
    fluid
    Eg. antacids alter the
    acidity of the stomach
    B. Accumulate in
    certain tissues because
    of their affinity for a
    tissue component
    Eg. gaseous anesthetics have an
    affinity for the lipid portion of nerve
    cell membranes= accumulate in fatty
    cells and depress nerve function
    throughout the body
    C. by forming a chemical
    bond with specific
    receptors within the
    body drug is compatible
    to its receptor
    3.Different drugs whose
    molecules
    into a given receptor
    elicit a
    ; those which
    do not perfectly fit
    produce only a weak or
    no response at all
    Eg. Hormones
    4. Agonist-
    Antagonist drugs
    exert some
    agonist as well as
    some antagonist
    action
    eg. morphine – narcotic agonist

    narcan – narcotic antagonist

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