Lecture#5_Problem Solving for Laminar and Turbulent Flow

Problem 1. Water at 40˚F (! = 62.42 lbm/ft3 and " = 1.038 x 10-3 lbm/ft.s) is flowing
steadily through a 0.12-in- (= 0.010 ft) diameter 30-ft-long horizontal pipe at an average
velocity of 3.0 ft/s. Determine (a) the head loss, (b) the pressure drop, and (c) the pumping
power requirement to overcome this pressure drop.
Problem 2: A utility worker is fixing power lines in a manhole space at a busy intersection as shown in Fig.
E8.9a. A major portion of car exhaust is carbon dioxide (CO2), which has a density of 1.98 kg/m3. Since the
density of air at standard conditions is 1.18 kg/m3, the carbon dioxide will tend to settle into the bottom of
the manhole space and displace the oxygen, posing a very relevant danger of suffocation to utility workers.
To avoid suffocation, a fan is used to supply fresh air from the surface into the manhole space as shown in
Figure. The air is routed through a 20-cm.-diameter plastic hose that is 9 m in length.
FIND Determine the horsepower needed by the fan to overcome the head loss with a required flowrate of 17
m3/min, when (a) neglecting minor losses and (b) including minor losses for one sharp-edged entrance, one
exit, and one 90° miter bend (no guide vanes).
Problem 3: Water flows steadily through the
0.75-in.-diameter galvanized iron pipe
system shown in Fig. at a rate of 0.020 cfs.
Your boss suggests that friction losses in the
straight pipe sections are negligible
compared to losses in the threaded elbows
and fittings of the system. Do you agree or
disagree with your boss? Support your
answer with appropriate calculations.
Kinematic viscosity is 1.21x10-5 ft2/s, # =
0005, () = 0.5 for sharp-edge entrance)
Problem 4: A horizontal pipe has an abrupt expansion from D1 = 8 cm to D2 = 16 cm.
The water velocity in the smaller section is 10 m/s and the flow is turbulent. The
pressure in the smaller section is P1 = 410 kPa. Taking the kinetic energy correction
factor to be 1.06 at both the inlet and the outlet, determine the downstream pressure P2,
and estimate the error that would have occurred if Bernoulli’s equation had been used.
Problem 5:A farmer is to pump water at 22˚C from a river to a water storage tank nearby
using a 38 m-long, 12-cm-diametervplastic pipe with three flanged 90˚ smooth bends. The
water velocity near the river surface is 1.82 m/s, and the pipe inlet is placed in the river
normal to the flow direction of water to take advantage of the dynamic pressure. The
elevation difference between the river and the free surface of the tank is 3.66 m. For a flow
rate of 0.042 m3/s and an overall pump efficiency of 70 percent, determine the required
electric power input to the pump. ( ! = 1000 kg/m3, " = 0.00131 kg/m.s, # =
0001524, () = 0.3 for elbow)
Problem 6: Water at 15˚C is to be discharged from a reservoir at a rate of 18 L/s using two
horizontal cast iron pipes connected in series and a pump between them. The first pipe is 20 m
long and has a 6-cm diameter, while the second pipe is 35 m long and has a 4-cm diameter.
The water level in the reservoir is 30 m above the centerline of the pipe. The pipe entrance is
sharp-edged, and losses associated with the connection of the pump are negligible. Neglecting
the effect of the kinetic energy correction factor, determine the required pumping head and the
minimum pumping power to maintain the indicated flow rate.(! = 999.1 kg/m3, " = 1.138x10-3
kg/m.s, # = 00026, () = 0.5 for sharp-edge entrance)
Problem 7: Consider an air solar collector that is 1 m wide and 5 m long and has a constant
spacing of 3 cm between the glass cover and the collector plate. Air flows at an average
temperature of 45˚C at a rate of 0.15 m3/s through the 1-m-wide edge of the collector along
the 5-m-long passageway. Disregarding the entrance and roughness effects and the 90˚
bend, determine the pressure drop in the collector. The properties of air at 1 atm and 45˚
are ! = 1.109 kg/m3, " = 1.941x10-5 kg/m.s, and 0 = 1.750x10-5 m2/s.