CHEENA MAE SEGISMUNDO
BSED ENGLISH 2A
Living in the I.T Era
TOPIC 1: What is ICT?
- An umbrella term that includes any communication device or
application
Information: Refers to the knowledge obtained from reading,
investigation, study, or research. (Not to be confused with data,
information is regarded as processed data).
Communication: An act of transmitting messages. It is a process
whereby information is exchanged between individuals using symbols,
signs or verbal interaction.
Technology: It is the use of scientific knowledge, experience, and
resources to create processes and products that fulfill human needs.
IT versus ICT
IT: Technology related to computing data
ICT: Technology related to computing data and communication
Positive Impacts:
- Improved access to education
- Access to information and communication
- New tools have been promoted
- For leisure and entertainment
- Security
Negative Impacts:
- Reduced personal interaction and physical activity
- Job loss or increase in unemployment
- Security
However, as technology evolves, so do machines. Most machines,
including computers, have evolved through the process of automation.
Automation
- Defined as the “technique of making an apparatus, a process,
or a system operate automatically”
TOPIC 2: Evolution of Technology
- A computer is an electronic devis, operating under the control
of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept,
manipulate data according to specified rules.
The Path to Modern Computers
Tally Stick – ancient memory aid to record and document numbers,
quantities, or even messages.
Napier’s Bones by John Napier – allowed the operator to multiply,
divide, and calculate square and cube roots by moving the rods
around and placing them in specially constructed boards.
Slide Rule by William Oughtred – used primarily for multiplication,
division, roots, logarithms, and trigonometry.
Pascaline – too expensive, and its limitation to add and subtract
Jacquard Loom by Joseph-Marie Jacquard – mechanical loom, an
automatic loom controlled by punched cards
Arithmometer by Thomas de Colmar – first reliable and commercially
successful calculating machine. It could perform the 4 basic
mathematical operations.
Analytical Engine by Charles Babbage (father of computer) – first
automatic, mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial
functions. Fist mechanical computer.
Augusta Ada Byron – first woman programmer. She writes programs
for the analytical engine
CHEENA MAE SEGISMUNDO
BSED ENGLISH 2A
Scheutzian Calculation Engine by Per Georg Scheutz – first printing
calculator
Tabulating Machine by Herman Hollerith – used to assist in
summarizing information and accounting.
Harvard Mark 1 by Howard Aiken – IBM Automatic Sequence.
Controlled Calculator (ASCC). First electro-mechanical computer.
Z1 by Konrad Zuse – used punch tapes. First programmable
computer
FIRST GEN (1946 – 1959)
- First computers used vacuum tubes (allows the free passage
of electric current) for circuitry and magnetic drums for
memory.
- Often enormous and took up the entire room
- Relied on machine language
- Very expensive computers to operate and used great deal of
electricity
- UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-
generation computing devices.

Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) by Proffessor Atanasoff and SECOND GEN (1959 – 1965)
Clifford Berry – first electronic digital computing device
- Vacuum tubes to transistors
ENIAC by John Presper Eckert and John Mauchly – (Electronic - Cryptic binary machine language to symbolic
Numerical Integrator and Computer) first electronic general-purpose
computer THIRD GEN (1965 – 1971)

UNIVAC 1 by John Presper Eckert and John Mauchly – (Universal - Development of the integrated circuit
Automatic Computer 1) – first commercial computer - Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips
called semiconductors
EDVAC by Von Neumann – (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic - Allowed the device to run many different applications at one
Computer) has a memory to hold both a stored program as well as time
data. First stored program computer
FOURTH GEN (1971 – Present)
Osborne 1 by Osborne Computer Corporation – the first portable
computer - Microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers
- Invented by Marcian ‘Ted’ Hoff
Electronic Controls Company by John Presper Eckert and John
Mauchly – the first computer company. FIFTH GEN (present – onwards)

TOPIC 3: Generations of Computer - 5th generation computing devices based on artificial

Each generation of computers is designed based on new
technological development, resulting in better, cheaper, and smaller
computers that are more powerful, faster, and efficient than their
predecessors
intelligence
- To develop devices that respond to natural language input and
are capable of learning and self-organization
TOPIC 3.5: Components of a Computer
CHEENA MAE SEGISMUNDO
BSED ENGLISH 2A
Hardware – pertains to the computer’s physical devices. Tangible and
Visible. It consists interrelated electronic devices that are used to
manipulate the computer’s operation, input devices, and output
devices.
Input Devices – enter or send data and instructions from the use or
from another computer system on the internet. (e.g., Keyboard,
Mouse, Microphone, Touchpad/Trackpad, Scanner, DG Cam, PC Vid
Cam)
Output Devices – transmits the information or send back the
administered data to the user or another computer system. (e.g.,
Printer, Monitor, Speaker)
System Unit – the enclosure composed of the main elements of a
computer that are used to administer data. (Computer case tower)
System Unit (Motherboard) – circuitry of the system unit containing
the primary components of a computer with connectors into which
either circuit board can be positioned is recognized as the
motherboard.
Storage Device – to keep data permanently (e.g., Compact Disc, Hard
Disk Drive, Flash Drive, Solid State Drive)
TOPIC 4: Evolution of Media through Ages
The 2 Transformation of Media:
1. How information is presented
2. How the connection established
Pre-Industrial Age (Before 1700’s)
Humans discovered fire, developed paper, forged weapons and tools
with stone, bronze, copper, and iron.
Industrial Age (1700’s – 1930’s)
People discovered the use of power stream, developed machine
tools, established iron production, and the manufacturing of various
products (including books through the printing press)
Electronic Age (1930’s – 1980’s)
People invented the transistor and ushered in the electronic age.
People harnessed the power of transistors that led to the transistor
radio, electronic circuits, and early computers.
Information Age (1980’s – 2000’s)
People advanced the use of microelectronics with the invention of
personal computers, mobile devices, and wearable technology. Voice,
image, sound, and data are digitalized.
People can now interact with one another with a stable internet
connection.
Media in the Digital Age
Media – communication that uses unique tools to interconnect among
people. Can be considered as the message, the medium, and
messenger.
Forms of Media: Television, Radio, Cellular Phones, Internet
The Message
Media is the message itself for those who create and own the right of
content.
User-generated content (UGC) is a form of content created and
owned by the users of a system. Used for: Blog – web and log;
Blogger – person who writes blogs
It’s the tool/s used in sending message from the source to the
destination
CHEENA MAE SEGISMUNDO
BSED ENGLISH 2A
The Media, instead of just being an avenue for delivering messages, - Use deep learning to review data
is becoming increasingly social with the audience themselves creating - The machine just looks for whatever patterns it can find.
their own content and interacting with one another.

TOPIC 5: IoT and Smart Home Technology

Automation
Has been trending since 2016
The use of machines and computers that can operate without human
- Encompasses everything connected to the internet control:
- It is increasingly being used to define objects that “talk” to
each other. - Office/factory automation
- Automation and robotics have decreased the need for a large,
Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality highly skilled work force.

AR – from real world to digital
VR – from digital to real world
Machine Learning – an application of artificial intelligence (AI) that
provides systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from
experience w/o being explicitly programmed.
Neural Engine – a type of artificial intelligence, enables computers to
learn from observation.
Wireless Charging – a cable is not needed to charge the device
Big Data – collection of data that is huge in volume, yet growing
exponentially with time. (e.g., Waze helps users determine traffic,
direction.
Fast Facts: many companies such as Facebook, use big data to
generate ad revenue by placing targeted ads to users on social media
and those surfing the web.
Physical-Digital Interactions – Majority of organizations identify their
physical elements and create digital data for more efficient operation
and back-up. (Paper less company)

Face ID – owner’s face is the new password. Secured the phone and Everything on Demand – due to the prevalence of network
keep the data safe. connectivity, it is possible to have information on demand. (All apps
are made available through smartphone)
Supervised Learning

- It requires data scientists to provide input and output

- Determines which carriable the model should analyze
- Labeled to tell the machine exactly what patterns it should look
for.

Unsupervised Learning

- Not trained with desired outcomes in mind