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HCM, September, 2020

1.PURPOSE

2. THEORETICAL BASIS

3. CALCULATION MODEL

4.CALCULATION RESULT

5. COMMENTS ON THE CALCULATION RESULTS

2
1. PURPOSE

3
1. PURPOSE

• Check for the difference in calculation with 5 bus and 3 bus

equivalent system when calculating transient problems (TRV,
MOV ...)

=> From there, it is clear that the need to calculate transient

problems with a large system in order to increase the reliability
and accuracy of the results.

4
2. THEORETICAL BASIS

5
2. Theoretical basis

2.1 Thevenin's theorem

• Thevenin's theorem allows to replace a complex circuit with a

simple circuit consisting of only one source and one resistor.

6
2. Theoretical basis

2.2 The purpose of Thevenin’s theorem

Using Thevenin's theorem is especially advantageous

when:
• Focus on a specific part of a circuit. The rest of the
circuit can be replaced with a simple Thevenin
equivalent circuit.
• Using the Thevenin equivalent avoids having to
analyze complex circuits.

7
2. Theoretical basis

2.1 Thevenin’s theorem limitations

• Thevenin's theorem does not apply to circuits containing nonlinear elements

• Circuit equivalence according to Thevenin's theorem cannot be equivalent in

terms of electromagnetic induction between components in the power
system.

8
2. Theoretical basis

2.1 Limitations when using Thevenin’s equivalent

• For transient problems, the Thevenin’s equivalent model can not be applied. Because the wave
re-reflection (standing wave) will occurs due to the large system equivalence to the smaller
system. The larger the simulation system, the smaller the amplitude of the reflected wave
becomes.
n=2 bus n=5 bus

n=4 bus

n=3 bus
n=6 bus

Standing waves
based on
simulation system
9
2. Theoretical basis

2.1 Limitations when using Thevenin’s equivalent

• Volt-Ampe characteristics when calculating with circuits with nonlinear elements before and after
Thevenin equivalent

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3. CALCULATION MODEL

11
3. Calculation model

3.1 Calculation model

• Calculated with normal operation mode in 2020

• Calculation using EMTP software
• The 3 buses equivalent system model includes Doc Soi, Pleiku 2 and Quang
Trach

Quảng Trạch Dốc Sỏi Pleiku2

Zth 43Ω 43Ω 30.5Ω Zth

500.4km 210km
Zth

12
3. Calculation model

3.1 Calculation model

• The 5 buses equivalent system model includes Doc Soi, Pleiku 2, Quang Trach,
Zth Zth
Thanh My and Da Nang

Đà Nẵng Thạnh Mỹ

Quảng Trạch Dốc Sỏi

Zth 43Ω 43Ω 30.5Ω Zth

500.4km 210km
Zth Pleiku2

13
3. Calculation model

3.2 Transposed in 500kV Doc Soi – Pleiku 2 transmission line

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3. Calculation model

3.2 Transposed in 500kV Quang Trach – Doc Soi transmission line

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3. Calculation model

3.3 Calculation fault points

• Transient calculation (TRV, RRRV) with fault points 1 and 2 on 500kV Doc Soi - Pleiku
2 transmission line

Short-Circuit

Quảng Trạch Dốc Sỏi Pleiku2

Zth 1 2 Zth

500.4km 210km
Zth

16
3. Calculation model

3.3 Calculation fault points

• Calculation of absorbed energy level of MOV with fault points 1,2,3 on

the Doc Soi, Pleiku 2 and Quang Trach

1 2 3
Zth 43Ω 43Ω 30.5Ω Zth

500.4km 210km
Quảng Trạch Pleiku2
Zth

Dốc Sỏi

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3. CALCULATION RESULT

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4. Calculation Result

4.1 Comparison of TRV calculation result

Fault at point 1
2.1
2.02
2 1.98
1.95 1.95

1.9 1.84
1.81
1.8
TRV(pu)

1.7 1.67

1.6

1.5

1.4 1.34
1.3

1.2
2 phase short circuit-CB 3 phase short circuit-CB 2 phase short circuit-CB 3 phase short circuit-CB
Doc Soi Doc Soi Pleiku 2 Pleiku 2
3 Bus system 5 Bus system

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4. Calculation Result

4.1 Comparison of TRV calculation result

Fault at point 2
2.6
2.48
2.38
2.4

2.2 2.12
1.98
2 1.94
1.87
TRV(pu)

1.8

1.6

1.4
1.27
1.2
1.07
1
2 phase short circuit-CB 3 phase short circuit-CB 2 phase short circuit-CB 3 phase short circuit-CB
Doc Soi Doc Soi Pleiku 2 Pleiku 2
3 Bus system 5 Bus system

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4. Calculation Result

4.2 Comparison of RRRV calculation result

Fault at point 1
0.6
0.547
0.521
0.5 0.472

0.407
0.4 0.363
RRRV(kV/µs)

0.3

0.2 0.168

0.106 0.105
0.1

0
2 phase short circuit-CB Doc 3 phase short circuit-CB Doc 2 phase short circuit-CB 3 phase short circuit-CB
Soi Soi Pleiku 2 Pleiku 2
3 Bus system 5 Bus system

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4. Calculation Result

4.2 Comparison of RRRV calculation result

Fault at point 2
0.9
0.796
0.8
0.722
0.7
0.626
0.6
RRRV(kV/µs)

0.5

0.4
0.336
0.3
0.213
0.2
0.087 0.092 0.076
0.1

0
2 phase short circuit-CB Doc 3 phase short circuit-CB Doc 2 phase short circuit-CB 3 phase short circuit-CB
Soi Soi Pleiku 2 Pleiku 2
3 Bus system 5 Bus system

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4. Calculation Result

4.3 Comparison of MOV calculation result

3 phase short-circuit at Quảng Trạch

60

50 48.84
47.15

40
MOV(MJ)

30

20
12.86
9.77
10

1.17 0
0
43 Ohm Quang Trach Capacitor 43 Ohm Doc Soi Capacitor 30.5 Ohm Doc Soi Capacitor
3 Bus system 5 Bus system

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4. Calculation Result

4.3 Comparison of MOV calculation result

1 phase short-circuit at Quảng Trạch
140 132.18
126.55
120

100

80
MOV(MJ)

60

40
23.03
20 14.19
2.25 0
0
43 Ohm Quang Trach Capacitor 43 Ohm Doc Soi Capacitor 30.5 Ohm Doc Soi Capacitor

3 Bus system 5 Bus system

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4. Calculation Result

4.3 Comparison of MOV calculation result

3 phase short-circuit at Dốc Sỏi

50

45 43.19
41.83
39.49
40

35

30
MOV(MJ)

25
20.39
20

15

10

5 3.09 3.96

0
Tụ 43 Ohm Quảng Trạch Tụ 43 Ohm Dốc Sỏi Tụ 30.5 Ohm Dốc Sỏi
Hệ thống 3 nút Hệ thống 5 nút

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4. Calculation Result

4.3 Comparison of MOV calculation result

3 phase short-circuit at Pleiku 2

70

60 58.29

50

40
MOV(MJ)

30 26.75
23.76
20.17
20

10
0 0
0
43 Ohm Quang Trach Capacitor 43 Ohm Doc Soi Capacitor 30.5 Ohm Doc Soi Capacitor

3 Bus system 5 Bus system

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4. Calculation Result

4.3 Comparison of MOV calculation result

1 phase short-circuit at Pleiku 2

160
147.13
140

120
98.84
100
86.35
MOV(MJ)

80

60 49

40

20
0 0
0
43 Ohm Quang Trach Capacitor 43 Ohm Doc Soi Capacitor 30.5 Ohm Doc Soi Capacitor

3 Bus system 5 Bus system

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5. COMMENTS ON THE CALCULATION RESULTS

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5. COMMENTS ON THE CALCULATION RESULTS

From the calculation results we have the following comments

• The difference in the TRV, RRRV calculation results between the
equivalent system of 3 bus and 5 bus is about 30%.
• The difference in the MOV calculation results between 3 bus and 5
bus equivalent systems is very large (about 100%).
→ The wave-related transient problems (MOV computation) give
very different results when the system equivalents are 3 and 5 bus.
Similar to the results of TRV calculation, RRRV also has a relative
difference when calculating with the equivalent system of 3 bus and
5 bus.

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REFERENCES DOCUMENT

• W. Richter, "Applications of Thevenin's theorem," in Electrical

Engineering, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 103-105, March 1945, doi:
10.1109/IEEE.1945.6440897.
• A. W. Love, "Comment on "Limitations of the Thevenin and Norton
equivalent circuits for a receiving antenna"," in IEEE Antennas and
Propagation Magazine, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 98-99, Aug. 2003, doi:
10.1109/MAP.2003.1241317.
• Transient Analysis of Power Systems: Solution Techniques, Tools and
Applications, First Edition.
Edited by Juan A. Martinez-Velasco.
Annex B - Dynamic System Equivalents
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9venin%27s_theorem

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EVNPECC2