“ALL OF US IN THIS

ROOM ARE LEARNERS IN

PROCESS...”

fmangibin
 WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY
FOR YOU?

WHAT IS YOUR EXPECTATION IN

THIS SUBJECT?
BRIEF HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY
 THE ANCIENT GREEK
PHILOSOPHERS WERE
NOT SATISFIED WITH
MYTHICAL EXPLANATION
OF THE THINGS AROUND
 Movement...

FROM MYTHICAL ----- TO

RATIONAL EXPLATION
 1. ANCIENT PHILOSOPHER
(CosMOcentric/human)

CONCERn: Origin of the wolrd

Thales - water
heraclitus - fire
democritus – atoms

Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
 2. Medieval Philosophy
(Theocentric/God - faith)
Church

St. Augustine
St. Thomas
Man-sinner
He/she needs salvation
Jesus Christ
Dark ages
(corruption, black death, Reason was hidden)
 3. Renaissance
Re-birth
Regain the place of man in
history
Humanism
(Reason was regained)
 4. Modern philosophy
Reason (at its peak)
science and technology)
Descartes’ philosophy
“cogito ergo sum”
“I” center of everything
Problem of dualism
ANY QUESTION?
OR
CLARIFICATION?
OR
COMMENT?

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 CONTEMPORARY
PERIOD
(isms)
1. Pragmatism
2. Utilitarianism
3. Communism
4. Logical Positivism
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 POST-MODERN PERIOD
1.looking at the peripheral
2. decentralization
3. Critique of the political
and social condition

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ANY QUESTION?
OR
CLARIFICATION?
OR
COMMENT?

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 PHILOSOPHY
AS
“HOMECOMING”

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 COMING TO
UNDERSTAND
MYSELF

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 PHILOSOPHY
AS
“KNOWING ONESELF”

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 THE “GIFT” OF
THINKING
IS TO ENTER INTO
ONESELF

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“WELCOME HOME”

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“PHILOSOPHY IS
LIKE DANCING”

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 “PHILOSOPHY AS
LOVE OF WISDOM”

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 TRANSCENDENTAL METHOD
(Bernard Lonergan)
 1. Be attentive - experience
 2. Be intelligent - understanding
 3. Be reasonable - judgment
 4. Be responsible - decision
 5. Be in Love – Faith

 1-3 (Man as a knower – Epistemology)

 4 – (Man a doer – Ethics)
 5 – (Man as believer)

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 PHILOSOPHY IS ALSO A CRITIQUE
(CRITICAL THEORY)

 CRITIQUE OF WHAT IS THE EXISTING

CONDITION OF THE SOCIETY.
 TO EXPOSE THE PROBLEMS IN THE
COMMUNITY
 TO BE ABLE TO TELL THE WORLD WHAT IS
HAPPENING TO THE PEOPLE.
 TO EXPOSE THE CORRUPTION AND GREED OF
SOME FEW ELITES/INCLUDING THE
CAPITALISTS

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ETYMOLOGICAL DEFINITION

PHILOS/PHILIA- LOVE

SOPHIA- WISDOM

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TRADITIONAL DEFINITION
 Knowledge of all things
through their ultimate
causes acquired through
the use of reason alone.

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Traditional definition

Knowledge –
SCIENTIA/UNDERSTAND
(product of quest,
questioning)

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TRADITIONAL DEFINITION

 ALL THINGS - “PANTA REI”

THINGS SEEN AND UNSEEN;

THERE IS NO EXCEPTION;
EVERYTHING IS COVERED BY
PHILOSOPHY

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TRADITIONAL DEFINITION
 THROUGH THEIR ULTIMATE
CAUSES

WE ARE CONCERN NOT

ONLY ABOUT THE
IMMMEDIATE CAUSES BUT
THE “ULTIMATE” CAUSES
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TRADITIONAL DEFINITION
 ACQUIRED THROUGH THE
USE OF REASON ALONE
“RATIONIS” IS THE
INSTRUMENT IN THE
UNDERSTANDING OF
THINGS.
(Faith) 28
KARL JASPERS’
DEFINITION OF
PHILOSOPHY

29
AN EXISTENTIALIST
POINT OF VIEW

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31
32
THERE IS ONLY ONE BEING THAT
IS EXISTING = MAN
 “Existence”=“
“Ex-tare”/”existere” – “to stand out”,
“to exist”
Man – think
- freedom
- choices/options
- responsibility
- personal decision
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ALL ARE ACTORS
IN THE STAGE -
WORLD

ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS 34
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE
OF OUR LIFE?

35
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF
LIFE?

36
 TASK OF PHILOSOPHY – IS TO
UNDERSTAND THE PURPOSE OF MY LIFE
IN RELATION TO THE OTHERS

37
SERVICE TO OTHERS?

38
TO FORM A COMMUNITY OF
PEOPLE?

39
 PHILOSOPHY’S CONCERN
 1. WONDER OF EXISTENCE
 2. DRIVE TO SET FREE, TO FEEL THE
BOUNDLESS SPACE IN WHICH FREE
THOUGHT CAN MOVE
 3. EVERY NEW HUMAN BEING BEGINS
IN COMMUNICATION
 4. TO COMMUNICATE IS TO BECOME
ONESELF WITH THE OTHER
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 TASK OF PHILOSOPHY – IS TO
UNDERSTAND THE PURPOSE OF MY LIFE
IN RELATION TO THE OTHERS

COMMUNICATION

41
KARL JASPERS
 AGAINTS SOLITUDE

 LIMITLESS
COMMUNICATION
(the core of dialogical
Philosophy)
42
ANY QUESTION?

43
KARL JASPERS
DIALOGUE

A. COMMUNICATION
B. COMMUNION
C. COMMUNITY
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45
ANY QUESTION?
CLARIFICATIONS

“INSIGHTS”

46
 OTHER CONCEPTS OF
PHILOSOPHY FROM THE DIFFERENT
CULTURES

47
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

48
 GREEK

MUSLIM/ISLAMIC
CHINESE

INDIAN/HINDU 49
CHINESE CONCEPT
OF PHILOSOPHY

50
 ZHE AND XUE
(CHE SHUEH)

“STUDY OF WISDOM” 51
 HUMAN MOUTH
AND
HUMAN HAND

“STUDY OF WISDOM” 52
“STUDY OF WISDOM”
WORDS and actions

THEORY AND PRACTICE

53
INDIAN/HINDU CONCEPT

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INDIAN/HINDU CONCEPT

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“NAMASKARAM” “NAMASTE”

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 INDIAN/HINDU CONCEPT
 “ANVIKSIKI” = an examination of
things through the use of true
cognition
 “DARSANA” = a mode of seeing or
seeing not only through the sense of
sight, but an act of seeing (not
looking) that requires one to do away
with biases and prejudices in one’s
treatment of reality

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 INDIAN/HINDU CONCEPT
 IMPARTIAL
 OBJECTIVE
 CRITICAL

Note: “Being extra careful

in assessing the problem
(issue)
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KUYA, ATE MAY TANONG PO BA
KAYO KAY KUYA FERDZ?

59
Muslim or islamic concept
 “FALSAFA” = “philosophia”
 “HIKMA” = “LIGHT OR
ILLUMINATION

Note: Views the world and

humanity as intrinsically and
substantially unified
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Muslim or islamic concept

 SPIRITUAL
WHOLENESS
OF THE
WORLD
AND
HUMANITY

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O SIGE NA TANONG NA KAYO...

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 OTHER CONCEPTS
 1. IDEOLOGY
 2. ART OF LIVING
 3. POETRY
 4. AUTOBIOGRAPHY
 5. CULTURE
 6. SCIENCE
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 IS THERE A
FILIPINO PHILOSOPHY?

64
GRAZIE PER I TUTTI VOI

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