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 Applications of Derivatives
● Rate Measure
● Tangent and Normals
● Mean Value Theorems
● Increasing & Decreasing function
● Maxima and Minima
One the curve x2 = 12y, find the interval of values of x for which the abscissa changes at a
faster rate than the ordinate?
Solution:
 JEE Main 12th April 2019 Shift-1
A 2 m ladder leans against a vertical wall. If the top of the ladder begins to slide down
the wall at the rate 25 cm/sec., then the rate (in cm / sec.) at which the bottom of the
ladder slides away from the wall on the horizontal ground when the top of the ladder is 1
m above the ground is:

D 25
 JEE Main 12th April 2019 Shift-1
A 2 m ladder leans against a vertical wall. If the top of the ladder begins to slide down
the wall at the rate 25 cm/sec., then the rate (in cm / sec.) at which the bottom of the
ladder slides away from the wall on the horizontal ground when the top of the ladder is 1
m above the ground is:

D 25
Solution:
Let x be the length of one of the equal sides of an isosceles triangle, and let θ be the
angle between them. If x is increasing at the rate and θ is increasing at the
rate of then find the rate in m2/h at which the area of the triangle is
increasing when x = 12 m and
Solution:
Tangents and Normals
We need to study

Equation of tangent and normal at a given point on the curve

Equation of tangent and normal having given slope

Equation of tangent and normal through external point.

We need to study

Equation of tangent and normal at a given point on the curve

We need to study

Equation of tangent and normal having given slope

We need to study

Equation of tangent and normal through external point.

(a) Find the equation of tangent to the curve

(b) Find the equation of the normal to the curve y = |x2 - |x|| at x = -2.
(a) Find the equation of tangent to the curve
Solution:
(b) Find the equation of the normal to the curve y = |x2 - |x|| at x = -2.
Solution:
Find equation of tangent of y2 = 4x, which is parallel to x – y + 1 = 0.
Equation of tangents to y = x2 + 9 through origin are given by

A y = 6x, y = −6x

B y = −7x, y = x

D
Equation of tangents to y = x2 + 9 through origin are given by

A y = 6x, y = −6x

B y = −7x, y = x

D
Solution:
Solution:
 JEE Main 28th June 2022 Shift-1
Let l be a line which is normal to the curve y = 2x2 + x + 2 at a point P on the curve. If the
point Q(6, 4) lies on the line l and O is origin, then the area of the triangle OPQ is equal
to______.
 JEE Main 28th June 2022 Shift-1
Let l be a line which is normal to the curve y = 2x2 + x + 2 at a point P on the curve. If the
point Q(6, 4) lies on the line l and O is origin, then the area of the triangle OPQ is equal
to______.

Ans: 13
Solution:
Solution:
Angle of Intersection
between two curves
m1 = f’(x1)
m2 = g’(x1)
Where (x1, y1) is point of
intersection of two curves

⇒ Condition of orthogonality: m1m2 = -1

 JEE Main 1st Sep 2021 Shift-2
Let θ be the acute angle between the tangents to the ellipse and the circle
x2 + y2 = 3 at their point of intersection in the first quadrant. Then tan θ is equal to:

D 2
 JEE Main 1st Sep 2021 Shift-2
Let θ be the acute angle between the tangents to the ellipse and the circle
x2 + y2 = 3 at their point of intersection in the first quadrant. Then tan θ is equal to:

D 2
Solution:
 JEE Main 25th Feb 2021 Shift-2

If the curves x = y4 and xy = k cut at right angles, then (4k)6 is equal to

 JEE Main 25th Feb 2021 Shift-2

If the curves x = y4 and xy = k cut at right angles, then (4k)6 is equal to

Ans: 13
Solution:
Length of tangent, normal, subtangent and subnormal

PT = Length of tangent

PN = Length of normal
P(x1, y1)
TG = Length of subtangent

GN = Length of subnormal = |y1 m|

θ
Where, T G N
Mean value Theorems
Rolle’s theorem

If y = f(x) is a function such that:

(i) its continuous in [a, b]
(ii) its differentiable in (a, b)
(iii) f(a) = f(b)

then there exists c ∈ (a, b) such that f’(c) = 0 i.e., f’(x) = 0 has at least one
root in (a, b)
 JEE Main 6th Sep 2020 Shift-2

For all twice differentiable functions f : R ➝ R, with f(0) = f(1) = f’(0) = 0

A f”(0) = 0

B f”(x) = 0, for some x ∈ (0, 1)

C f”(x) = 0, at every point x ∈(0, 1)

D f”(x) ≠ 0, at every point x ∈ (0, 1)

 JEE Main 6th Sep 2020 Shift-2

For all twice differentiable functions f : R ➝ R, with f(0) = f(1) = f’(0) = 0

A f”(0) = 0

B f”(x) = 0, for some x ∈ (0, 1)

C f”(x) = 0, at every point x ∈(0, 1)

D f”(x) ≠ 0, at every point x ∈ (0, 1)

Solution:
 JEE Main 29th June 2022 Shift-2
Let f and g be twice differentiable even functions on (-2, 2) such that

. Then, the minimum

number of solutions of f(x) g”(x) + f’(x) g’(x) = 0 in (-2, 2) is equal to_____.

 JEE Main 29th June 2022 Shift-2
Let f and g be twice differentiable even functions on (-2, 2) such that

. Then, the minimum

number of solutions of f(x) g”(x) + f’(x) g’(x) = 0 in (-2, 2) is equal to_____.

Ans: 4
Solution:
Lagrange Mean value theorem

If a function y = f(x) satisfies

(i) f(x) is continuous in [a, b]
(ii) f(x) is differentiable in (a, b)
Then there exist c ∈ (a, b) such that
For a continuous and differentiable function f(x), if f(1) = 3, find minimum value of
f(5), if f’(x) ≥ 2
Solution:
 JEE Main 9th Jan 2020 Shift-1
Let f be any function continuous on [a, b] and twice differentiable on (a, b). If for all

x ∊ (a, b), f'(x) > 0 and f"(x) < 0, then for any c ∊ (a, b), is greater than

A 1

D
 JEE Main 9th Jan 2020 Shift-1
Let f be any function continuous on [a, b] and twice differentiable on (a, b). If for all

x ∊ (a, b), f'(x) > 0 and f"(x) < 0, then for any c ∊ (a, b), is greater than

A 1

D
Solution:
Increasing and Decreasing functions
 Definition

f(x) is said to be strictly increasing over an interval [a, b] if:

x2 > x1 ⇒ f(x2) > f(x1), ∀ x1, x2 ∈ [a, b]

While it is said to be increasing (or non-decreasing) if:

x2 > x1 ⇒ f(x2) ≥ f(x1), ∀ x1, x2 ∈ [a, b]
 Definition

f(x) is said to be strictly decreasing over an interval [a, b] if:

x2 > x1 ⇒ f(x2) < f(x1), ∀ x1, x2 ∈ [a, b]

While it is said to be decreasing (or non-decreasing) if:

x2 > x1 ⇒ f(x2) ≤ f(x1), ∀ x1, x2 ∈ [a, b]
Interval of Increase and Decrease

For a differentiable function:

(1) f’(x) ≥ 0 ⇒ f(x) is strictly increasing
(provided the points for which f’ (x) = 0 do not form an interval)
(2) f’(x) ≤ 0 ⇒ f(x) is strictly decreasing
(provided the points for which f’(x) = 0 do not form an interval)
The function f(x) = tan-1 (sin x + cos x) is an increasing function in

D
The function f(x) = tan-1 (sin x + cos x) is an increasing function in

D
Solution:
If f’(x) = |x| - {x} where {x} denotes the fractional part of x, then f(x) is decreasing in

D
If f’(x) = |x| - {x} where {x} denotes the fractional part of x, then f(x) is decreasing in

D
Solution:
NOTE

(i) f(x) is monotonic in [a, c]

(ii) f(x) is not monotonic in [a, b]
(iii) f(x) is monotonic in [c, b]
(iv) f(x) is not monotonic in
neighbourhood of x = c
If f(x) = kx3 − 9x2 + 9x + 3 is monotonically increasing in every interval, then which one of
the following is correct?

A k<3

B k≤3

C k>3

D k≥3
If f(x) = kx3 − 9x2 + 9x + 3 is monotonically increasing in every interval, then which one of
the following is correct?

A k<3

B k≤3

C k>3

D k≥3
Solution:
If f(x) = x3 + 4x2 + λx + 1 is a monotonically decreasing function of x in the largest
possible interval then

A λ=4

B λ=2

C λ = -1

D λ has no real value

If f(x) = x3 + 4x2 + λx + 1 is a monotonically decreasing function of x in the largest
possible interval then

A λ=4

B λ=2

C λ = -1

D λ has no real value

Solution:
A True

B False
A True

B False
Solution:

Yes by graph we can observe that function -2

is not monotonic
Maxima and Minima
Critical Points
It is collection of points where either f’ (x) = 0 or f’ (x) fails to exist.

NOTE
It is to be noted that critical points are the interior points of an interval.
Critical points are contenders for giving maxima and minima.
First Derivative Test

For a continuous function:

(a) If f’(x) changes sign about a critical point, then we have maxima or minima
there.
(b) If f’ (x) does not change sign about a critical point, then function does not
have maxima or minima there.
Double Derivative Test

If f’(x) = 0 at x = a, then

(1) f”(a) > 0 ⇒ f(x) has local minima at x = a

(2) f”(a) < 0 ⇒ f(x) has local maxima at x = a

Remark
If f’(a) = 0 and also f”(a) = 0 then Double Derivative Test is inconclusive.
 JEE Main 27th June 2022 Shift-2
If m and n respectively are the number of local maximum and local minimum points of

the function then the ordered pair (m, n) is equal to

A (3, 2)

B (2, 3)

C (2, 2)

D (3, 4)
 JEE Main 27th June 2022 Shift-2
If m and n respectively are the number of local maximum and local minimum points of

the function then the ordered pair (m, n) is equal to

A (3, 2)

B (2, 3)

C (2, 2)

D (3, 4)
Solution:
If the function f(x) = 2x3 - 9ax2 + 12a2x + 1, where a > 0, attains its maxima and minima
at p and q, respectively such that p2 = q, then a equals is

A 1

B 2

D 3
If the function f(x) = 2x3 - 9ax2 + 12a2x + 1, where a > 0, attains its maxima and minima
at p and q, respectively such that p2 = q, then a equals is

A 1

B 2

D 3
Solution: f(x) = 2x3 - 9ax2 + 12a2x + 1
∴ f’(x) = 6x2 - 18ax + 12a2 and f”(x) = 12x - 18a
For maxima/minima, 6x2 - 18ax + 12a2 = 0
⇒ x2 - 3ax + 2a2 = 0
⇒ (x - a) (x - 2a) = 0
⇒ x = a or x = 2a
Now, f”(a) = 12a - 18a = -6a < 0
And f”(2a) = 24a - 18a = 6a > 0
∴ f(x) is maxima at x = a and minima at x = 2a
⇒ p = a and q =2a
Given that p2 = q ⇒ a2 = 2a ⇒ a(a - 2) = 0 ⇒ a = 2.
 JEE Main 29th June 2022 Shift-2
Let f : R 🠆 R be a function defined by
n1, n2 ∈ N. The, which of the following is NOT true?

For n1 = 3, n2 = 4, there exists ⍺ ∈ (3, 5)

A where f attains local maxima

For n1 = 4, n2 = 3, there exists ⍺ ∈ (3, 5)

B where f attains local minima

For n1 = 3, n2 = 5, there exists ⍺ ∈ (3, 5)

C where f attains local maxima

For n1 = 4, n2 = 6, there exists ⍺ ∈ (3, 5)

D where f attains local maxima.
 JEE Main 29th June 2022 Shift-2
Let f : R 🠆 R be a function defined by
n1, n2 ∈ N. The, which of the following is NOT true?

For n1 = 3, n2 = 4, there exists ⍺ ∈ (3, 5)

A where f attains local maxima

For n1 = 4, n2 = 3, there exists ⍺ ∈ (3, 5)

B where f attains local minima

For n1 = 3, n2 = 5, there exists ⍺ ∈ (3, 5)

C where f attains local maxima

For n1 = 4, n2 = 6, there exists ⍺ ∈ (3, 5)

D where f attains local maxima.
Solution:
 JEE Main 2nd Sep 2020 Shift-1
If p(x) be a polynomial of degree three that has a local maximum value 8 at x = 1 and a
local minimum value 4 at x = 2; then p(0) is equal to

A 12

B 6

C -24

D -12
 JEE Main 2nd Sep 2020 Shift-1
If p(x) be a polynomial of degree three that has a local maximum value 8 at x = 1 and a
local minimum value 4 at x = 2; then p(0) is equal to

A 12

B 6

C -24

D -12
Solution:
Global Extreme Values in an Interval
Let’s understand the procedure through examples.
It’s the easiest one.
The largest value of 2x3 - 3x2 - 12x + 5 for -2 ≤ x ≤ 4 occurs at x =

A -2

B -1

C 2

D 4
The largest value of 2x3 - 3x2 - 12x + 5 for -2 ≤ x ≤ 4 occurs at x =

A -2

B -1

C 2

D 4
Solution:
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