STUDY NOTES

TTL 100 – TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 1

Unit 1 – Introduction to Technology for Teaching and Learning

1. Understanding the Basic Concepts in ICT
The following terms and concepts are related to technology that you need to digest.

1. Technology refers to methods, processes, and devices used for practical purposes. It
includes instruments from pencil and paper to modern electronic gadgets and tools for the
practical task.

2. Information and Communication Technology and Literacy or ICT Literacy is the use
of digital technology, communication tools and networks to access, manage, integrate,
evaluate, create and communicate information (Guro 21, 2011).

3. Educational Technology refers to the utilization of technology in teaching and learning,

which includes both the non-digital (flip charts, pictures, models, realia, etc.). And digital
(electronic tools: hardware, software, and connections, etc.).\

4. Digital Literacy refers to the ability to discover, assess, utilize, share, and generate content
with the use of information technologies and the internet (Cornell University).

5. Digital Learning is an instructional practice that utilizes technology to reinforce students’

learning experience. It covers the use of a broad spectrum of processes that comprises
blended or virtual learning. It can come as online or off-line, which utilizes digital
technology.

6. Online Digital Tools and Apps use an Internet connection to access the information
needed, like Skype. It is a telecommunication application software product that focuses on
providing video chat and video calls between computers, tablets, mobile devices via the
Internet and to regular telephones.

7. Off-line Digital Tools and Apps can still be used even if there is no internet access.
Among these are Canary Learning, Pocket, Evertone, iBooks, KA LITE (Gupta, Prinyaka,
2017).

8. Instructional Technology refers to the theory and practice of design, development,

utilization, management, and evaluation of the processes and resources for learning
(Association for Educational Communications and Technology, Seels, B.B. &Richey, P.C.
1994).

9. Software refers to program control instructions and accompanying documentation stored

on disks or tapes when not being used in the computer. By extension, the term refers to
audiovisual materials (Smaldino, 2005).
10. Multimedia is a sequential or simultaneous use of a variety of media formats in a given
presentation or self-study program (Smaldino, 2005).

11. Internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure. It connects

millions of computers globally, forming a network in which any computer can
communicate with any other computer as long as they are connected to the internet. It is
generally defined as a global network connecting millions of computers
(http://www.webopedia.com).

12. World Wide Web (www) is also called a Web, which is a graphical environment on
computer networks that allows you to access, view, and maintain documentation that can
include text, data, sound, and videos (Smaldino, 2005). It is a way of accessing information
over the medium of the internet. It is an information-sharing model that is built on top of
the Internet.

13. Web Access is the ability of the learner to access the Internet at any point during the lesson
to take advantage of the array of available educational resources.

14. Webquest is an inquiry-oriented lesson format in which most or all information that
learners work with comes from the web. These can be created using various programs,
including simple word processing documents that include links to websites.

15. Productivity Tools refers to any type of software associated with computers and related
technologies that can be used as tools for personal, professional, or classroom productivity.

Examples: Microsoft Office, Apple Works – word processing, grade and

record-keeping, web page production, presentation) (KFIT-Unesco 2016).

16. Technology Tool is an instrument used for doing work. It can be anything that helps you
accomplish your goal with the use of technology. These technology tools can be classified
as:

a. Data/Calculation Tools. Examples: spreadsheets, Excels, Sketchpads, probability

constructor
b. Design Tools. These are used to make models and design, creating, and building.
Included here are Family Tree Maker, GollyGee, and Crazy Machines, among others.
c. Discussion Tools. Four different approaches utilize discussion and interaction on the
Internet. These are threaded discussion forum, Blogging, Live chat, and Video
Teleconferencing, Netiquette, and Safety on the Net.
d. Email Tools. Emails are great communication tools for sending messages,
photographs, videos, and other files. It allows you to reach out to others around the
world. Examples are google mail, Ymail, Yahoo mail, and many more.
e. Handheld Devices. Handheld devices have become popular among learners. These
include Personal Digital Assistants, global positioning system, (GPS) and Geographic
Information system (GIS) in the classroom, Portable electronic keyboards, Digital
cameras, Mobile phones, Palm, Handheld computers.
17. Webquest is a teacher structured research experience for the students that are primarily
based on the use of the World Wide Web and typically takes one or more instructional
periods (Bender & Waller, 2011).

18. Blog is an online journal where posted information from both teachers and students is
arranged. There are three kinds of blogs: blogs used for communication, blogs used for
instruction, and blogs used for both (Ferriter & Garry, 2010).

19. Wiki, an editable website usually with limited access, allows students to collaboratively
create and post written work or digital files, such as digital photos or videos. Wikipedia is
one of the most widely recognized of all the wikis (Watters, 2011).

20. Flipped classroom utilizes a reverse instructional delivery, where the teacher is required
to use the web resources as homework or out of class activity as initial instruction of the
lesson, which will be discussed during class time.

21. Podcast is a video or audio multi-media clip about a single topic typically in the format of
the radio talk show. The two essential functions of a podcast are to retrieve information to
disseminate information (Eash, 2006).

22. Google Apps is a cloud-based teaching tool which is stored in the Google server and is
available for students both at home and in school. It includes the Gmail, a free-mail for all;
Google calendar – a tool used for organizational purposes; Google sites that provide
options for developing blogs and wikis; and Google docs are used for sophisticated word
processing and editing for the document.

23. Vlog is a video blog where each entry is posted as a video instead of the text.

24. Facebook is a popular social networking site used by students and adults worldwide to
present information on themselves and the world.

25. VOIP (voice over internet protocol) is a category of hardware and software that enables
people to use the Internet as a transmission medium for telephone calls by sending voice
data in packets using IP rather than traditional circuit transmission.
 2. Roles of ICT in Teaching and Learning

According to Stosic (2015), educational technology has three domains:

1. Technology as a tutor. Technology can support the teachers, tutors and other professionals
to help students learn better.
2. Technology as a teaching tool. Technology can be used as an instrument in teaching.
3. Technology as a learning tool. Technology makes learning easier and more effective. use
these tools for learning for life.

A. For Teachers and Teaching

1. Technology provides enormous support to the teacher as the facilitator of learning.

2. Technology has modernized the teaching-learning environment
3. Technology improves teaching-learning process and ways of teaching.
4. Technology opens new fields in educational researches.
5. Technology adds to the competence of teachers and inculcates scientific outlook.
6. Technology supports teacher professional development

B. For Learners and Learning

1. Supports learners on learning how to learn on their own.

Three categories of knowledge by Egbert (2009)
a. Declarative Knowledge – discrete pieces of information that answers the
question what, who, when, and where.
b. Structural Knowledge – consists of facts or pieces of declarative knowlede
put together to attain some form of meaning.
c. Procedural Knowledge – is a knowledge in action or the knowledge of how
to do something. It indicates a performance task or graphical representation
of a concept.

2. Tehnology enhances learners’ communication skills through social interactions.

Three basic communication patters by Shirly (2003) in Egbert (2009)
a. Point to point two-way or one-to-one like internet chat, phone conversation
or even face-to-face conversation.
b. One to many outbound like lecture, or televisions. (no social interaction)
c. Many-to-many like group discussion, buzz sessions, heads together.

3. Technology upgrades learners’ higher order thinking skills: Critical thinking,

problem solving and creativity.

Critical Thinking – refers to the ability to interpret, explain, analyze, evaluate,

infer, and self-regulate in order to make good decisions.

Creativity – characterized as involving the ability to think flexibly, fluently,

originally, and elaborately. (Guildford, 1986 & Torrence, 1974 in Egbert, 2009)
 Seven Creative Strategies (Osborn, 1963)
1. Substitute
2. Combine
3. Adapt
4. Modify/Magnify/Minify
5. Put to another use
6. Eliminate
7. Reverse

3. ICT Competency Standards for Philippine Pre-Service Teacher Education

ICT Competency Standards (CHED-UNESCO) as provided in the 2017, Policy,

Standards and Guidelines (PSG) for Pre-service Teacher Education

The program outcomes for teacher education degrees clearly states that every
future teacher: "demonstrates proficiency in the development and utilization of
Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) resources in promoting quality
teaching-learning process"

Table 1: ICT Competency Standards for Pre-Service Teachers

Domain 1: Understanding ICT in Education

Demonstrate awareness of policies affecting ICT in Education
Comply with ICT policies as they affect teaching-learning
Contextualize ICT policies to the learning environment
Domain 2: Curriculum and Assessment
Demonstrate understanding of concepts, principles, and theories of ICT systems as they
apply to teaching-learning
Evaluate digital and non-digital learning resources in response to student’s diverse needs
Develop digital learning resources to enhance teaching-learning
Use ICT tools to develop 21st century skills: information and media technology skills, learning
and innovation skills, career skills and effective communication skills
Domain 3: Pedagogy
Apply relevant technology tools for classroom activities
Use ICT knowledge to solve complex problems and support student collaboration activities
Model collaboration knowledge construction in face to face and virtual environments
Domain 4: Technology Tools
Demonstrate competence in the technical operations of technology tools and systems as they
apply to teaching and learning
Use technology tools to create new learning opportunities to support community of learners
Demonstrate proficiency in the use of technology tools to support teaching and learning
 Domain 5: Organization and Administration
Manage technology-assisted instruction in an inclusive classroom environment
Exhibit leadership in shared decision-making using technology tools
Domain 6: Teacher Professional Learning
Explore existing and emerging technology to acquire additional content and pedagogical
knowledge
Utilize technology tools in creating communities for practice
Collaborate with peers, colleagues, and stakeholders to access information in support of
professional learning
Domain 7: Teacher Disposition
Demonstrate social, ethical, and legal responsibility in the use of technology tools and
resources
Show positive attitude towards the use of technology tools

Deped Order 42, series of 2017

mandating the use of the Philippine Professional Standard for Teachers (PPST) to
start with the Beginning Teachers who are the fresh graduates from the teacher education
program. The document includes: Show skills in the positive use of ICT to facilitate teaching and
learning and Show skills in the selection, development and use of the variety of teaching learning
resources including ICT to address learning goals.

ISTE National Educational Technology Standards For Teachers (NETS* T)

ISTE National Educational Technology Standards For Teachers (NETS* T)

An international organization for educational technology called International
Society for Technology in Education (ISTE), established standards for both teachers
and students. These standards were also referred to in the development of the
Philippine ICT Competency standards which include the following:
Standard 1: Technology Operations and Concepts
This means that teachers demonstrate a sound understanding of technology
operations and concepts.

Standard 2: Planning and Designing Learning Environment and Experiences

This standard implies that teachers utilize the use of technology to plan and
design effective learning environments and experiences.

Standard 3: Teaching, Learning and Curriculum

Teachers should be mindful that in the implementation of curriculum plan, they
have to include strategies for applying technology to maximize student learning.
 Standard 4: Assessment and Evaluation
Teachers apply technology to facilitate a variety of effective assessment and
evaluation strategies to collect and analyze data, interpret results, and communicate
findings to improve instructional practice and maximize student learning.

Standard 5: Productivity and Professional Practice

Teachers use technology to engage in on-going professional development and
lifelong learning in support of student learning, increase productivity and to build
community of learners.

Standard 6: Social, Ethical, Legal and Human Issues

Teachers understand the social, ethical, legal and human issues surrounding
the use of technology in support of student learning who come from diverse
background, affirm diversity, promote safe and healthy use of technology resources
and facilitate access to technology resources for all students.

ISTE National Educational Technology Standards For Students (NETS* S)

From how technology teachers facilitate learners, outcomes of student learning
should indicate that the following standards have been complied with:

Standard l: Creativity and Innovation

This standard will produce students who demonstrate creative thinking,
construct knowledge, develop innovative products and processes using technology
from existing knowledge.

Standard 2: Communication and Collaboration

This standard requires students to use digital media and environments to
communicate and work collaboratively to support individual learning and contribute
to the learning of others. This includes the use of variety of media and formats for
global awareness with learners from other cultures.

Standard 3: Research and Information Fluency

Students are expected to apply digital tools to gather, evaluate and use
information and plan strategies for inquiry. This standard expects the student to locate,
organize, analyze, evaluate, synthesize and ethically use information from a variety of
sources and media.

Standard 4: Critical Thinking, Problem-Solving and Decision Making

This standard expects the students to use critical thinking skills to plan and
conduct research, manage projects, solve problems and make informed decisions using
appropriate digital tools.

Standard 5: Digital Citizenship

It is required by this standard that every technology student becomes a digital
citizen who demonstrates ethical and legal behavior, exemplified by the practice of
safe, legal and responsible use of information. Further, the student exhibits positive
attitude towards the support of technology for collaboration, learning and productivity
as a digital citizen.

Standard 6: Technology Operations and Concepts

Sound understanding of technology concepts, systems and operation is a
standard that students should comply with. They too, are expected to further transfer
current knowledge to learning of new technologies.

A. ISTE STANDARD for TEACHERS B. ISTE STANDARD for STUDENTS

1. Technology Operations and Concepts
2. Planning and Designing Learning
Environment and Experiences
3. Teaching, Learning and Curriculum
4. Assessment and Evaluation
5. Productivity and Professional Practice
1. Creativity and Innovation
2. Communication and Collaboration
3. Research and Information Fluency
4. Critical Thinking, Problem-Solving &
Decision Making
5. Digital Citizenship

6. Social, Ethical, Legal and Human Issues 6. Technology Operations and Concepts