Ex.

1 could have / would have / should have + past participle

1. I ___ (buy) bread but I didn't know we needed it. (past possibility)
2. We ___ (invite) so many people to our party! I'm worried that we won't have enough room
for everyone. (past negative advice / regret)
3. I ___ (start) saving money years ago! (past advice / regret)
4. We ___ (join) you at the restaurant, but we couldn't get a babysitter. (past willingness)
5
6. I ___ (arrive) on time, even if I'd left earlier. There were dreadful traffic jams all the way. (past
negative possibility)
7. They ___ (win) the football match, but John hurt his ankle. (past possibility)
8. Amanda ___ (finish) the work, but she felt ill and had to go home. (past willingness)
9. Lucy ___ (leave) earlier. She missed her flight. (past advice / regret)
10. We ___ (finish) the game, even if we'd wanted to. It was raining very hard and we had to stop.
(past negative possibility)
11. I ___ (eat) so much chocolate! I feel sick! (past negative advice / regret)
12. Luke ___ (pass) the exam if he'd studied a bit more. (past possibility)
13. John ___ (call) Amy, but he didn't have her number. (past willingness)
14. You ___ (be) rude to him. He's going to be really angry now. (past negative advice / regret)
15. She ___ (come) to the restaurant if she'd left work earlier. (past possibility)
16. You ___ (take) this job. I can see you're not enjoying it. (past negative advice / regret)
17. The race was really difficult.She ___ (win) because she's not fit enough. (past negative
possibility)
18. Our neighbours ___ (cut) down the tree in their garden. It was a really beautiful tree. (past
negative advice / regret)
19. The children ___ (do) their homework last night. Then they wouldn't be panicking on the way
to school. (past advice / regret)
20. I'm really cold! I ___ (bring) my coat. (past advice / regret)
21. I ___ (come) to see you! I didn't know you were ill. (past willingness)
22. Andrew ___ (go) to Cambridge University, but he decided to travel instead. (past possibility)
23. They ___ (be) kinder to me. They were absolutely lovely. (past negative possibility)
24. You ___ (buy) some milk at the shops. We don't have any milk. (past advice / regret)
25. They ___ (come) to have breakfast with us, but they went to bed too late the night before. (past
willingness)

Ex 2 MUST HAVE MIGHT HAVE COULDN'T HAVE SHOULD HAVE

COULD HAVE MAY HAVE CAN'T HAVE
1) He ____ gone to Italy. He doesn't have a passport.
2) Tom and Jack are so selfish – they ____ been there for you!
3) You ___ seen her. She was standing next to you.
4) I explained it to her but she ___ misunderstood - my Japanese isn't very good.
5) We'll ask at the reception desk. Someone ___ handed the keys in.
6) I don't know why there weren't any buses yesterday. There ___ been a strike, but I'm really
not sure.
7) A: James was at the party last night. B: He ___ been. He's in Mexico.
8) I ___ let you know what was happening but I forgot.
9) There was so much traffic. There ___ been an accident.
10) I saw his car in front of the building. He ___ been here.
11) You ___ called them yesterday. Now it's too late.
12) Thank you very much! I ___ passed the course without your help!
1. could have bought
2. shouldn't have invited
3. should have started
4. would have joined
5.
6. couldn't have arrived
7. could have won
8. would have finished
9. should have left
10. couldn't have finished
11. shouldn't have eaten
12. could have passed
13. would have called
14. shouldn't have been
15. could have come
16. shouldn't have taken
17. couldn't have won
18. shouldn't have cut
19. should have done
20. should have brought
21. would have come
22. could have gone
23. couldn't have been
24. should have bought
25. would have come

1. can’t have
2. should have
3. must have
4. might have
5. must have
6. could have
7. can’t have
8. should have
9. must have
10. must have
11. should have
12. can’t have