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Arteagagómezabrilgalilea Ipqtraducción
Arteagagómezabrilgalilea Ipqtraducción
Facultad de Química.
Ingeniería Petroquímica.
Traducción.
Grupo: 47.
Maillard reaction is the chemical reaction which occurs between amino acids
and reducing sugars in the presence of heat that results the browning of food
while forming new aromas and flavors.
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins which can be found in our
food. Reducing sugars are sugars which can act as reducing agents in
biochemical processes.
Amino acids and reducing sugars found in food are rearranged in rings and
groups of rings so that they reflect right in such a way that it gives the food
the signature brown color as well as tons of rich flavors. The Maillard
reaction is named after French chemist Louis-Camille Maillard, who first
described it in year 1912.
The most interesting fact about the Maillard reaction is not the browning, but
the aromas and flavors formed during the chemical process.
The Maillard reaction occurs in almost every food we cook. However, the
aromas and flavors formed vary from food to food. Different sugars and
proteins produce different aromas and flavors, depending on how you cook.
This is why a porched egg will not taste the same as a
fried egg. This is why you will not get the smell of frying meat in a pan, when
boiling meat in a pot.
Temperature, moisture and time are the key factors to get the Millard reaction
started.
Fried egg
If your food is wet, it will not reach a temperature above the boiling point of
water. At atmospheric pressure, only high-heat cooking techniques can dry
out the food enough to raise the temperature sufficiently. However, you can
make the process happen at a lower temperature, with a lot more water. If you
cook chicken or beef in vegetable stock for eight or 12 hours, still the result
will be a brown, aromatic liquid. It is a rare chance that we will be cooking a
single meal for that long. This is why we it will be a smart move to wrap your
meat in paper towels and dry them before cooking. In order for your food to
reach a high
temperature during normal pan frying or searing, it is important to make sure
that your food is dry.
Frying
Meatballs
Bottom line
If it wasn’t for Maillard, we would not have juicy seared steak, deep fried
chicken wings, nor grilled sausages. All these browning, aromas and flavor
bursts are a result of simple sugars reacting together with proteins. However,
Maillard is not the only reaction occurring between these different molecules
in food. For example, cake and steak contain the same building blocks, but
cake contains more sugar whereas steak contains more proteins. When sugar
heats and reacts with water, it results in caramelization.
Juicy hamburger
The Maillard reaction does not just make food taste better. It has a science
involved in it. Understanding the key facts allows you to manipulate the
process of cooking according to what your taste buds crave for. It is the
difference between blindly following a recipe and being able to make a recipe
work for your taste.
One of the challenges to getting the Maillard reaction going is getting the
surface hot and dry enough without overcooking the underlying flesh, or at
least overcooking it as little as possible. Cooks have developed several
strategies to this end, some simple and some fairly baroque. One strategy that
works well is to remove as much water from the surface of the meat as
possible before cooking it (via blotting or drying at low temperature). Fast
heating using deep fryers, super-hot griddles and grills, and even blowtorches
are also helpful tactics, such as when we deep-fry chicken wings You might
think that raising the temperature even higher would enhance the Maillard
reaction. It does up to a point, but above 180 °C / 355 °F a different set of
reactions occur: pyrolysis, also known as burning. People typically like foods
a little charred, but with too much pyrolysis comes bitterness. The black
compounds that pyrolysis creates also may be carcinogenic, so go easy on
charring your foods for visual appeal.
Traducción.
Los aminoácidos son los componentes básicos de las proteínas que se pueden
encontrar en nuestros alimentos. Los azúcares reductores son azúcares que
pueden actuar como agentes reductores en procesos bioquímicos.
Proteínas y Azúcares.
Las proteínas y los azúcares son cruciales para que ocurra la reacción de
Maillard. Algunas proteínas son sensibles a Maillard. Les encanta reaccionar
con los azúcares, pero cualquier tipo de azúcar no será candidato. Los
azúcares complejos como los almidones y el azúcar de mesa normal tienen
moléculas grandes y no reaccionarán con las proteínas sensibles a Maillard.
En cambio, los azúcares simples llamados azúcares reductores pueden atraer
aminoácidos y reaccionar con ellos a ciertos niveles de temperatura y
humedad para iniciar la reacción de Maillard.
Línea de fondo.
Si no fuera por Maillard, no tendríamos jugosos filetes a la plancha, alitas de
pollo fritas ni salchichas a la parrilla. Todos estos estallidos de dorado,
aromas y sabores son el resultado de azúcares simples que reaccionan junto
con las proteínas. Sin embargo, Maillard no es la única reacción que ocurre
entre estas diferentes moléculas en los alimentos. Por ejemplo, el pastel y el
bistec contienen los mismos elementos básicos, pero el pastel contiene más
azúcar, mientras que el bistec contiene más proteínas. Cuando el azúcar se
calienta y reacciona con el agua, se carameliza.
Cocinar es una ciencia que ha evolucionado con tanta experimentación. Es
esta experimentación la que nos enseñó que juntar azúcares y proteínas en
calor da como resultado fantásticos aromas y sabores.
La reacción de Maillard no solo hace que la comida sepa mejor. Tiene una
ciencia involucrada en ello. Comprender los datos clave le permite manipular
el proceso de cocción de acuerdo con lo que anhelan sus papilas gustativas.
Es la diferencia entre seguir ciegamente una receta y poder hacer que una
receta funcione a tu gusto.
Este artículo es muy interesante ya que habla de todo el proceso que lleva la
cocción de ciertos alimentos que se nos ponen de ejemplo es muy interesante ya
que es un tema que en lo personal es muy interesante para mí además de que
expresa a su vez la reacción de Maillar estás importante puesto que gracias a
ella se nos es posible Tener sabor a la hora de degustar la comida y también es
posible dar cocción textura y además tener diferentes estrategias a la hora de
cocinar