Module-3:

SENSORS AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING

EEE4021
LECTURE 6:
Magnetostrictive and Magneto
elastic transducers
Course Instructor:-
Dr. K.V.Lakshmi Narayana,
Associate Professor
SELECT, VIT University, Vellore.
 Outline of Lecture 5
 Introduction to Magnetoelastic and
Magnetostrictive sensors
Sensing Principle
Materials
Construction and Operation
Advantages and disadvantages
 Applications
Magnetoelastic and
Magnetostrictive
Transducers
Magnetoelastic and Magnetostrictive Transducers
Magnetoelastic and Magnetostrictive sensors are
inductive sensors as the inductance of the coil changes
due to change in magnetic permeability of ferromagnetic
materials.
Magnetoelastic sensors work on the Villari effect where
as Magnetostrictive sensors work on Wiedemann effect.
 Most magnetoelastic sensors use amorphous metals
(metallic glasses), which consist of alloys of iron, nickel,
chromium, cobalt, silicon, boron, and others.
 Materials suitable for magnetoelastic sensors need good
mechanical and magnetic properties.
Materials used for magnetostrictive sensors are nickel-
iron alloys and various other ferromagnetic materials.
 Principle of Magnetoelastic sensor

Villari effect: The magnetization curve changes depending on the mechanical

load applied to the material.(B-Magnetic Flux density, H-Magnetic field
strength or magnetic field)
 The Villari effect is applied to the
measurement of physical quantities like
force, torque, pressure. The configuration in
Figure has a predefined distribution of
magnetic flux, and the permeability changes
because of the mechanical strain in one
direction. The change in coil inductance is
proportional to the load.
Magnetoelastic sensors-used in Load cells

Magnetoelastic sensors based on a constant magnetic flux

distribution. The mechanical load changes the permeability.
Compression increases permeability and tension decreases.
Magnetostrictive Transducers
 Magnetostriction is the change in dimensions of
a ferromagnetic material when subjected to a
magnetic field, H.
 A transducer based on the magnetostriction
effect essentially consists of a coil wound on a
core of magnetostrictive material, which is
subjected to strain because of applied force or
pressure. It causes a change in the permeability
of the core material thereby causing the change
in inductance, which can be measured with the
help of ac bridge.
 Principle of Magnetostrictive sensor

Figure : The Wiedemann effect is the torsion experienced by

a ferromagnetic rod immersed in a longitudinal magnetic
field H when a current i flows through it.
Applications of Magnetoelastic and Magnetostrictive
Transducers
 Common applications for these sensors are the
measurement of force, torque, and pressure in cars and
mechanical industries.

 Magnetostrictive position sensors are used in industrial

applications involving high cycle rates, such as
injection molding machines and hydraulic cylinders.
They also suit long-stroke applications such as those
found in material handling, grinding machines, lumber
mills and machine tools.
THANK YOU ONE AND ALL